Ana ci gaba da inganta gidajen sauro da ke dauke da pyrethroid clofenpyr (CFP) da pyrethroid piperonyl butoxide (PBO) a cikin kasashen da ke fama da cutar don inganta maganin zazzabin cizon sauro da sauro masu jure wa pyrethroid ke yadawa.CFP shine proinsecticide wanda ke buƙatar kunnawa ta hanyar sauro cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), kuma PBO yana haɓaka tasirin pyrethroids ta hanyar hana aikin waɗannan enzymes a cikin sauro masu jurewa pyrethroid.Don haka, P450 hanawa ta PBO na iya rage tasirin pyrethroid-CFP net lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin gida ɗaya kamar tarun pyrethroid-PBO.
An gudanar da gwajin gwaji guda biyu na gwaji don kimanta nau'ikan nau'ikan pyrethroid-CFP ITN (Interceptor® G2, PermaNet® Dual) kadai kuma a hade tare da pyrethroid-PBO ITN (DuraNet® Plus, PermaNet® 3.0).Tasirin ilimin halitta na amfani da juriya na Pyrethroid yawan jama'ar Vector a kudancin Benin.A cikin duka karatun biyu, an gwada duk nau'ikan raga a cikin jiyya guda ɗaya da sau biyu.An kuma gudanar da nazarin halittu don tantance juriya na miyagun ƙwayoyi na yawan mutanen da ke cikin bukkar da kuma nazarin hulɗar tsakanin CFP da PBO.
Yawan jama'a yana kula da CFP amma sun nuna matakan juriya ga pyrethroids, amma an shawo kan wannan juriya ta hanyar nunawa ga PBO.An rage yawan mace-mace a cikin bukkoki ta hanyar amfani da haɗin yanar gizo na pyrethroid-CFP da pyrethroid-PBO net idan aka kwatanta da bukkoki ta amfani da gidajen pyrethroid-CFP guda biyu (74% don Interceptor® G2 vs. 85%, PermaNet® Dual 57% vs. 83 % ), p <0.001).Bayyanawa ga PBO ya rage yawan guba na CFP a cikin bioassays na kwalban, yana nuna cewa wannan tasiri na iya zama saboda wani ɓangare na rashin amincewa tsakanin CFP da PBO.Yawan mace-mace ya kasance mafi girma a cikin bukkoki ta hanyar amfani da haɗin yanar gizon da ke ɗauke da tarunan pyrethroid-CFP idan aka kwatanta da bukkokin da babu gidan yanar gizo na pyrethroid-CFP, da kuma lokacin da aka yi amfani da tarun pyrethroid-CFP shi kaɗai a matsayin tarunan biyu.Idan aka yi amfani da su tare, mace-mace ita ce mafi girma (83-85%).
Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa tasirin pyrethroid-CFP meshes ya ragu lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da pyrethroid-PBO ITN idan aka kwatanta da amfani da shi kadai, yayin da tasirin haɗin gwiwar da ke dauke da pyrethroid-CFP meshes ya kasance mafi girma.Waɗannan sakamakon suna ba da shawarar cewa ba da fifiko ga rarraba hanyoyin sadarwar pyrethroid-CFP akan sauran nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa zai haɓaka tasirin sarrafa vector a cikin yanayi iri ɗaya.
Gidajen gado masu maganin kwari (ITNs) masu dauke da maganin kwari na pyrethroid sun zama ginshikin magance zazzabin cizon sauro cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.Tun daga shekara ta 2004, an samar da gidajen sauron gadaje kusan biliyan 2.5 na maganin kwari ga yankin kudu da hamadar sahara [1], wanda ya haifar da karuwar adadin mutanen da ke barci karkashin ragamar maganin kwari daga kashi 4% zuwa 47% [2].Tasirin wannan aiwatarwa yana da mahimmanci.An kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane biliyan 2 da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 6.2 an kawar da su a duk duniya tsakanin 2000 da 2021, tare da nazarin samfurin da ke nuna cewa tarun da aka yi wa maganin kwari ya kasance babban dalilin wannan fa'ida [2, 3].Koyaya, waɗannan ci gaban suna zuwa akan farashi: haɓakar haɓakar juriya na pyrethroid a cikin yawan zazzabin cizon sauro.Ko da yake pyrethroid maganin kwari na gado raga na iya ba da kariya ga mutum daga zazzabin cizon sauro a wuraren da vectors ke nuna juriya na pyrethroid [4], nazarin ƙirar ƙira ya yi hasashen cewa a mafi girman matakan juriya, tarunn gado na maganin kwari zai rage tasirin cutar [5]..Don haka, juriya na pyrethroid yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da ke haifar da ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin magance zazzabin cizon sauro.
A cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, an samar da sabon tsarin gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari, wanda ya hada pyrethroids da sinadari na biyu, don inganta maganin zazzabin cizon sauro da sauro masu jure wa pyrethroid ke yadawa.Sabon aji na farko na ITN ya ƙunshi synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO), wanda ke ƙarfafa pyrethroids ta hanyar neutralizing detoxifying enzymes hade da pyrethroid juriya, musamman tasiri na cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) [6].Kwanan nan sun sami damar yin amfani da gadon gado tare da fluprone (CFP), maganin kashe kwari na azole tare da sabon tsarin aikin da ya shafi numfashin salula, kwanan nan.Bayan nunin ingantacciyar tasirin ilimin halitta a cikin gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi [7, 8], an gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwajen da ba a iya sarrafa su ba (cRCT) don kimanta fa'idodin lafiyar jama'a na waɗannan gidajen yanar gizon idan aka kwatanta da tarun da aka yi wa maganin kwari ta hanyar amfani da pyrethroids kadai da samar da shaida masu mahimmanci don sanar da shawarwarin manufofi daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) [9].Dangane da shaidar ingantaccen tasirin cututtukan cututtuka daga CRCTs a Uganda [11] da Tanzaniya [12], WHO ta amince da pyrethroid-PBO bednets maganin kwari [10].An kuma buga pyrethroid-CFP ITN kwanan nan bayan daidaitattun RCTs a Benin [13] da Tanzaniya [14] ya nuna cewa samfurin ITN (Interceptor® G2) ya rage yawan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da 46% da 44%, bi da bi.10].].
Bayan sabon yunƙurin da Asusun Duniya da sauran manyan masu ba da agaji na zazzabin cizon sauro ke yi don magance juriyar kwari ta hanyar hanzarta ƙaddamar da sabbin gidajen kwana [15], an riga an yi amfani da gadon gadon pyrethroid-PBO da pyrethroid-CFP a wuraren da ake fama da cutar.Yana maye gurbin maganin kwari na gargajiya.gidajen gado da aka yi wa magani waɗanda ke amfani da pyrethroids kawai.Tsakanin 2019 da 2022, rabon gidan sauro na PBO pyrethroid da aka kawo wa Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara ya karu daga kashi 8% zuwa 51% [1], yayin da gidan sauro na PBO pyrethroid, gami da gidan sauro na CFP pyrethroid, ana sa ran za a yi amfani da gidan sauro. lissafin kashi 56% na jigilar kaya.Shiga kasuwannin Afirka nan da 2025[16].Kamar yadda shaida na tasiri na pyrethroid-PBO da pyrethroid-CFP gidajen sauro suna ci gaba da girma, ana sa ran waɗannan gidajen sauro za su kasance da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.Don haka, ana ƙara buƙatar cike giɓin bayanai game da mafi kyawun amfani da sabbin gidajen gado masu maganin kwari don cimma matsakaicin sakamako lokacin da aka haɓaka don cikakken amfani.
Ganin yadda gidajen sauro na pyrethroid CFP da pyrethroid PBO ke yaduwa a lokaci guda, Cibiyar Kula da Maleriya ta Kasa (NMCP) tana da tambayar bincike guda ɗaya: Shin za a rage tasirin sa - PBO ITN?Dalilin wannan damuwa shine PBO yana aiki ta hanyar hana sauro P450 enzymes [6], yayin da CFP shine proinsecticide wanda ke buƙatar kunnawa ta hanyar P450s [17].Sabili da haka, an yi la'akari da cewa lokacin da ake amfani da pyrethroid-CFP ITN da pyrethroid-CFP ITN a cikin gida ɗaya, tasirin hanawa na PBO akan P450 na iya rage tasirin pyrethroid-CFP ITN.Yawancin binciken dakunan gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa pre-fitarwa zuwa PBO yana rage yawan guba na CFP zuwa ƙwayoyin sauro a cikin bioassays kai tsaye [18,19,20,21,22].Koyaya, yayin gudanar da bincike tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwa daban-daban a cikin fage, hulɗar tsakanin waɗannan sinadarai za ta fi rikitarwa.Nazarin da ba a buga ba sun yi nazarin tasirin amfani da nau'ikan tarun da aka yi wa maganin kwari tare.Don haka, nazarin filin da ke tantance tasirin amfani da haɗin gwiwar pyrethroid-CFP da magungunan kashe kwari da kuma pyrethroid-PBO a gida ɗaya zai taimaka wajen sanin ko yiwuwar rashin jituwa tsakanin waɗannan nau'in tarun yana haifar da matsala ta aiki da kuma taimakawa wajen gano mafi kyawun dabarun turawa. .ga yankunan da aka rarraba iri ɗaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-21-2023