A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, magungunan kashe kwari masu tsafta na ƙasata sun bunƙasa cikin sauri. Na farko, saboda gabatar da sabbin nau'ikan da fasahohin zamani daga ƙasashen waje, na biyu kuma, ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin cikin gida suka yi ya ba da damar samar da yawancin manyan kayan aiki da nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari masu tsafta. Kuma an ambaci inganci da haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari. Duk da cewa akwai nau'ikan kayan aikin kashe kwari da yawa, dangane da magungunan kashe kwari masu tsafta, har yanzu pyrethroids sune manyan waɗanda ake amfani da su a halin yanzu. Saboda kwari sun sami matakan juriya daban-daban ga pyrethroids a wasu yankuna, kuma akwai juriya mai haɗuwa, wanda ke shafar amfani da shi. Duk da haka, saboda yana da fa'idodi da yawa na musamman kamar ƙarancin guba da inganci mai yawa, yana da wuya a maye gurbinsa da wasu nau'ikan a cikin wani lokaci. Nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su sune tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin da dextramethrin mai arziki Allethrin da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, ana haɓaka D-trans allethrin mai arziki kuma ana samar da shi daban-daban a ƙasata. An raba ɓangaren acid na allethrin na gama gari daga isomers na cis da trans kuma an raba isomers na hagu da dama don ƙara rabon jikinta mai tasiri, ta haka ne inganta ingancin Samfura. A lokaci guda, jikin da ba shi da lafiya yana canzawa zuwa jiki mai inganci, wanda hakan ke ƙara rage farashi. Yana nuna cewa samar da pyrethroids a ƙasata ya shiga fagen ci gaba mai zaman kansa da shiga fagen stereochemistry da fasahar aikin gani mai girma. Dichlorvos tsakanin magungunan kwari na organophosphorus shine nau'in da ke da mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma mafi faɗaɗa aikace-aikacensa saboda ƙarfin tasirinsa na ƙwanƙwasawa, ƙarfin kashewa mai ƙarfi da aikin volatilization na halitta, amma an takaita amfani da DDVP da chlorpyrifos. A shekarar 1999, Cibiyar Bincike ta Masana'antar Sinadarai ta Hunan, bisa ga shawarar WHO, ta ƙirƙiro wani maganin kashe kwari mai saurin aiki da kuma maganin kashe kwari mai suna pirimiphos-methyl, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don sarrafa sauro, kwari, kyankyaso da ƙwari.
Daga cikin carbamates, ana amfani da propoxur da Zhongbucarb da yawa. Duk da haka, bisa ga bayanai masu dacewa, samfurin ruɓewa na sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, yana da matsalolin guba. Wannan samfurin ba a haɗa shi cikin jerin samfuran maganin kwari na tsabtace gida da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta buga a 1997 ba, kuma ban da China, babu wata ƙasa a duniya da ta yi amfani da wannan samfurin don samfuran maganin kwari na tsaftace gida. Domin tabbatar da amincin magungunan kwari na tsaftace gida da kuma dacewa da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, Cibiyar Kula da Magungunan Kashe Kwari ta Ma'aikatar Noma tare da yanayin ƙasata, a ranar 23 ga Maris, 2000, ga Zhongbuwei, an yi ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don sauyawa a hankali zuwa dakatar da amfani da magungunan kwari na tsaftace gida.
Akwai masu bincike da yawa kan masu kula da ci gaban kwari, kuma akwai nau'ikan iri-iri, kamar: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, da sauransu. A wasu yankuna, ana amfani da su don sarrafa tsutsotsi a wuraren kiwon sauro da kwari, kuma sun sami sakamako mai kyau. A hankali ana yada su kuma ana amfani da su.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sassa kamar Jami'ar Fudan sun yi bincike da kuma haɗa ƙwayoyin cuta na housefly pheromones, kuma Jami'ar Wuhan ta ƙirƙiro ƙwayoyin cuta na cockroach parvoviruses da kanta. Waɗannan samfuran suna da fa'idodi masu yawa na amfani. Ana ci gaba da haɓaka samfuran maganin kwari na ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, ƙwayar cuta ta cockroach da Metarhizium anisopliae a matsayin samfuran tsafta. Manyan masu haɗa magunguna sune piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, da amine synergist. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda matsalar yuwuwar amfani da octachlorodipropyl ether, Cibiyar Bincike ta Nanjing Forestry Research Institute ta cire AI-1 synergist daga turpentine, kuma Cibiyar Bincike ta Entomology ta Shanghai da Jami'ar Noma ta Nanjing sun haɓaka wakili na 94o synergist. Akwai kuma amines masu haɗin gwiwa, masu haɗin gwiwa, da haɓaka masu haɗin gwiwa na S-855 daga tsire-tsire.
A halin yanzu, akwai jimillar sinadarai 87 masu aiki na magungunan kashe kwari a cikin ingantaccen yanayin yin rijistar maganin kwari a ƙasarmu, daga cikinsu: 46 (52.87%) na pyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) na organophosphorus, 5 na carbamates 1 (5.75%), 5 abubuwan da ba su da sinadarai (5.75%), ƙananan halittu 4 (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), da wasu nau'ikan 18 (20.68%).
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-20-2023