Ɗauki Mataki: Yayin da yawan malam buɗe ido ke raguwa, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ba da damar ci gaba da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari masu haɗari.

Hana kwanan nan a Turai shaida ce ta ƙara damuwa game da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da raguwar yawan kudan zuma.Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta gano magungunan kashe kwari sama da 70 da ke da guba ga kudan zuma.Anan akwai manyan nau'ikan magungunan kashe qwari da ke da alaƙa da mutuwar kudan zuma da raguwar pollinator.
Neonicotinoids Neonicotinoids (neonics) wani nau'in maganin kashe kwari ne wanda tsarin aikinsu gabaɗaya yana kai hari ga tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta na tsakiya, yana haifar da gurɓatacce da mutuwa.Bincike ya nuna cewa ragowar neonicotinoid na iya tarawa a cikin pollen da nectar na tsire-tsire masu magani, yana haifar da haɗari ga masu pollinators.Saboda wannan da kuma amfani da su da yawa, akwai damuwa mai tsanani cewa neonicotinoids suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen raguwar pollinator.
Magungunan Neonicotinoid suma suna dagewa a cikin mahalli kuma, idan aka yi amfani da su azaman jiyya na iri, ana tura su zuwa ragowar pollen da ragowar nectar na tsire-tsire masu magani.Iri daya ya isa ya kashe tsuntsun waka.Waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari kuma na iya gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa kuma suna da guba sosai ga rayuwar ruwa.Batun magungunan kashe qwari na neonicotinoid ya kwatanta manyan matsaloli guda biyu tare da tsarin rajistar magungunan kashe qwari na yanzu da hanyoyin tantance haɗarin: dogaro ga binciken kimiyyar da masana'antu ke bayarwa wanda bai dace da binciken da aka yi bita ba, da kuma rashin isassun hanyoyin tantance haɗarin na yanzu don yin la'akari da illolin da ke tattare da su. magungunan kashe qwari.
An fara rajistar Sulfoxaflor a cikin 2013 kuma ya haifar da cece-kuce.Suloxaflor sabon nau'in maganin kashe kwari ne na sulfenimide tare da halayen sinadarai kama da magungunan kashe qwari na neonicotinoid.Bayan hukuncin kotun, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta sake yin rijistar sulfenamide a shekarar 2016, inda ta takaita amfani da ita don rage kamuwa da kudan zuma.Amma ko da wannan yana rage wuraren da ake amfani da shi kuma yana iyakance lokacin amfani, tsarin guba na sulfoxaflor yana tabbatar da cewa waɗannan matakan ba za su kawar da amfani da wannan sinadari daidai ba.An kuma nuna pyrethroids na lalata koyo da halayyar kudan zuma.Yawancin pyrethroids ana danganta su da mutuwar kudan zuma kuma an gano cewa suna rage yawan haihuwar kudan zuma sosai, yana rage yawan kudan zuma zuwa manya, da tsawaita lokacin rashin balaga.Pyrethroids ana samun su sosai a cikin pollen.Pyrethroids da aka saba amfani dasu sun hada da bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, phenethrin, da permethrin.Fipronil wanda aka fi amfani dashi don sarrafa kwaro na cikin gida da lawn, Fipronil maganin kwari ne wanda yake da guba sosai ga kwari.Yana da matsakaici mai guba kuma yana da alaƙa da rikicewar hormonal, ciwon daji na thyroid, neurotoxicity, da tasirin haihuwa.An nuna Fipronil don rage ayyukan ɗabi'a da ƙwarewar koyo a cikin ƙudan zuma.Organophosphates.Ana amfani da Organophosphates kamar malathion da spikenard a cikin shirye-shiryen sarrafa sauro kuma suna iya jefa ƙudan zuma cikin haɗari.Dukansu suna da guba sosai ga ƙudan zuma da sauran halittun da ba su da manufa, kuma an ba da rahoton mutuwar kudan zuma tare da fesa mai ƙarancin guba.Kudan zuma ana fallasa su a kaikaice ga waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari ta hanyar ragowar da aka bari a kan tsire-tsire da sauran filaye bayan fesa sauro.Pollen, kakin zuma da zuma an gano suna dauke da ragowar.