Dauki Mataki: Yayin da yawan malam buɗe ido ke raguwa, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ba da damar ci gaba da amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu haɗari.

Haramcin da aka yi kwanan nan a Turai shaida ce ta karuwar damuwa game da amfani da magungunan kashe kwari da kuma raguwar yawan kudan zuma. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta gano magungunan kashe kwari sama da 70 wadanda ke da matukar guba ga kudan zuma. Ga manyan nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari da ke da alaƙa da mutuwar kudan zuma da raguwar masu yin fure.
Neonicotinoids Neonicotinoids (neonics) wani nau'in maganin kwari ne wanda tsarin aikinsu na gaba ɗaya ke kai hari ga tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya na kwari, yana haifar da gurguwar jiki da mutuwa. Bincike ya nuna cewa ragowar neonicotinoid na iya taruwa a cikin pollen da nectar na shuke-shuken da aka yi wa magani, wanda hakan ke haifar da haɗari ga masu yin fure. Saboda wannan da kuma yawan amfani da su, akwai damuwa mai tsanani cewa neonicotinoids suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen raguwar masu yin fure.
Magungunan kwari na Neonicotinoid suma suna dawwama a cikin muhalli kuma, idan aka yi amfani da su azaman maganin iri, ana canja su zuwa ga ragowar pollen da nectar na shuke-shuken da aka yi wa magani. Iri ɗaya ya isa ya kashe tsuntsu mai waƙa. Waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari kuma suna iya gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa kuma suna da guba sosai ga halittun ruwa. Lamarin magungunan kashe kwari na neonicotinoid ya nuna manyan matsaloli guda biyu tare da hanyoyin yin rijistar magungunan kashe kwari na yanzu da hanyoyin tantance haɗari: dogaro da binciken kimiyya da masana'antu ke bayarwa wanda bai dace da binciken da takwarorinsu suka yi bita ba, da kuma rashin isasshen hanyoyin tantance haɗari na yanzu don la'akari da tasirin magungunan kashe kwari marasa rai.
An fara yin rijistar Sulfoxaflor a shekarar 2013 kuma ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce da yawa. Suloxaflor wani sabon nau'in maganin kashe kwari ne na sulfenimide ne mai halaye na sinadarai iri ɗaya da magungunan kashe kwari na neonicotinoid. Bayan hukuncin kotu, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta sake yin rijistar sulfenamide a shekarar 2016, inda ta takaita amfani da shi don rage fallasa ga ƙudan zuma. Amma ko da wannan ya rage wuraren da ake amfani da shi kuma ya takaita lokacin amfani da shi, gubar sulfoxaflor ta tabbatar da cewa waɗannan matakan ba za su kawar da amfani da wannan sinadarin yadda ya kamata ba. An kuma nuna cewa Pyrethroids suna lalata ɗabi'ar koyo da neman abinci na ƙudan zuma. Sau da yawa ana danganta Pyrethroids da mutuwar ƙudan zuma kuma an gano cewa suna rage yawan haihuwa ga ƙudan zuma, suna rage saurin girma zuwa manya, da kuma tsawaita lokacin rashin girma. Ana samun Pyrethroids sosai a cikin pollen. Pyrethroids da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da bifenthrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, phenethrin, da permethrin. Ana amfani da Fipronil sosai don maganin kwari a cikin gida da kuma a cikin ciyawa, maganin kwari ne wanda ke da guba sosai ga kwari. Yana da ɗan guba kaɗan kuma an danganta shi da matsalolin hormonal, ciwon thyroid, gubar jijiyoyi, da tasirin haihuwa. An nuna cewa Fipronil yana rage aikin ɗabi'a da ƙwarewar koyo a cikin ƙudan zuma. Organophosphates. Ana amfani da Organophosphates kamar malathion da spikenard a cikin shirye-shiryen maganin sauro kuma suna iya sanya ƙudan zuma cikin haɗari. Dukansu suna da guba sosai ga ƙudan zuma da sauran halittu marasa manufa, kuma an ruwaito mutuwar ƙudan zuma ta hanyar feshi mai ƙarancin guba. Kudan zuma suna fuskantar waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari kai tsaye ta hanyar ragowar da aka bari a kan tsire-tsire da sauran saman bayan feshi sauro. An gano cewa pollen, kakin zuma da zuma suna ɗauke da ragowar.