Tururuwan jajayen wuta (Solenopsis invicta) sun kasance kwari mai tsanani a Amurka tun lokacin da aka gano su a jigilar kaya tsakanin 1933 da 1945. Tarin su yana haifar da ciwo mai tsanani kuma yana kashe Amurka sama da dala biliyan 8 a kowace shekara. A yau, ana samun tururuwan jajayen wuta a jihohi 19, galibi a kudu maso gabas, har ma a California. Suna kuma hayayyafa da yawa a Ostiraliya da China.
A shekarar 1958, Amurka ta kafa tsarin killacewa na tarayya don shigo da tururuwan wuta don takaita motsin tsirrai da abubuwan da za su iya yaɗa waɗannan kwari. Yawancin masu bincike da jami'ai sun yi imanin cewa yaɗuwar tururuwan wuta yana da alaƙa da jigilar shuka. Manajan kula da yara a baya sun fesa magungunan kashe kwari ga tushen shuke-shuke don magance tururuwan wuta, amma amfani da irin waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari da yawa (kamar chlorpyrifos) yanzu an takaita su, kuma waɗannan sinadarai suna da tsada.
Wata ƙungiyar bincike daga Hukumar Binciken Noma ta USDA, Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Dabbobi da Tsire-tsire, da Jami'ar Jihar Tennessee sun yi nazarin hanyoyin rage yawan tururuwan wuta ta amfani da magungunan kashe kwari marasa maganin kashe kwari da aka shafa a kan tushen ƙwallan shuka.magungunan kashe kwariyana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da tururuwa masu wuta kuma yana iya tura abubuwa masu guba zuwa wasu tururuwa a cikin gida. Sakamakon binciken, wanda aka buga a watan Maris a cikin Mujallar Tattalin Arziki, ya nuna cewa maganin kashe kwari mara guba yana hana su.fipronilrage yawan tururuwan wuta a cikin ƙwallan tushen shuka.
Masu binciken sun sanya tarin tururuwan wuta (gami da tururuwan aiki, ƙwai, tsutsotsi, pupae, da sarauniya) a cikin ƙwallan tushen shuke-shuken Buxus microphylla. An yi wa rabin ƙwallan tushen magani da bifenthrin na maganin kwari. Daga nan aka yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari guda huɗu daban-daban marasa kariya - fipronil, indoxacarb, imidacloprid, da fipronil - a matsayin masu sarrafawa, tare da ruwa. An kuma binciki tasirin yawan magungunan kashe kwari daban-daban marasa kariya, kuma an tantance ingancin magungunan kashe kwari da suka rage wajen hana kamuwa da tururuwa.
Fipronil ya nuna mafi kyawun ingancin maganin kwari, tare da matsakaicin ingancin maganin kwari na kashi 99.99%, sai kuma indoxacarb (99.33%) da imidacloprid (99.49%). Lokacin da aka haɗa waɗannan magungunan kwari guda huɗu marasa maganin kwari da bifenthrin, ingancin maganin kwarinsu ya ragu sosai (banda fipronil, wanda ya sami ingancin maganin kwari na kashi 94.29%). Don gwada ingancin maganin fipronil a fannin maganin kwari, masu binciken sun gwada ƙarancin yawan maganin kuma sun gano cewa ingancin maganin kwari ya ragu da fiye da kashi 90%, kuma yawan maganin fipronil daban-daban bai yi wani tasiri mai mahimmanci ga adadin kwari ba. Yin amfani da shawarar yawan maganin fipronil ya hana kamuwa da kwari har zuwa watanni shida, yayin da ake amfani da rabin maganin ya haifar da ragowar kwari a tushen shuka.
Masu binciken sun rubuta: “Daga cikin magungunan kashe kwari marasa maganin kwari, dinotefuran (tare da bifenthrin ko ba tare da shi ba) ya samar da mafi daidaiton tsarin kula da matakin keɓewa, inda kashi 75% (8) na kwararan tushen suka rage ba tare da sun kamu ba. Kwayar tushen da aka yi wa magani da wasu magungunan kashe kwari marasa maganin kwari (imidacloprid, indoxacarb, da fipronil)… suna da adadin da ba su kamu ba na kashi 0-38%.
Masu binciken sun lura cewa fipronil ya fi tsada fiye da magungunan kashe kwari guda biyu da aka amince da su a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin keɓewa na gwamnatin tarayya na chlorpyrifos da bifenthrin. Rage adadin fipronil da aka yi amfani da shi ya haifar da sakamako mai ƙarfafa gwiwa, amma sun rubuta, "Ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje masu maimaitawa don tantance tasirin yawan fipronil daban-daban akan adadin kwararan tushen da ba su da kamuwa da cuta da kuma waɗanda suka kamu da cutar."
Duk da haka, fipronil kanta ma tana da wasu damuwa. Yana narkewa cikin ruwa cikin sauƙi, yana da guba ga ƙudan zuma (Apis mellifera), kuma ana iya watsa shi ta hanyar kwararar ruwa, feshi, da tsire-tsire. Ana yin amfani da ƙa'idodi da ƙuntatawa don rage tasirin wannan maganin kwari ga ƙudan zuma. Masu binciken sun lura, "Ga wuraren renon yara, shafa fipronil kawai a kan ƙwallan tushen bishiyoyin da aka sare kafin fure ya kamata ya rage haɗarin kamuwa da ƙudan zuma." Sun ƙara da cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don tantance mafi kyawun hanyar amfani da irin waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari marasa kariya don sarrafa tururuwan wuta masu ja.
"Magungunan kashe kwari marasa maganin kwari suna da tasiri wajen sarrafa tururuwan wuta ja (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) akan shukar da aka tattara a gona."
Andrew Porterfield is a writer, editor, and communications consultant working with academic institutions, companies, and nonprofits in the life sciences. He currently resides in Camario, California. You can connect with him on LinkedIn or by email at aporterfield17078@roadrunner.com.
Lafiyar ƙudan zuma tana inganta idan suka samar da ƙarin propolis (wani resin da ake amfani da shi wajen rufe kudan zuma). Wani sabon bincike ya gwada hanyoyi da dama masu kiwon zuma za su iya amfani da su don ƙara yawan samar da propolis a cikin kudan zuma.
Ben Puttler, farfesa ne da ya yi fice a Jami'ar Missouri kuma masanin ilmin kwari, ba wai kawai saboda gudunmawarsa ta tarihi ga maganin kwari na halittu ba, har ma da jagoranci mai yawa ga ɗaliban ilmin kwari da abokan aikinsa marasa adadi. A cikin wani bita da ya yi kan aikinsa, abokan aikinsa biyu sun yi tunani kan nasarorin da gudummawar Puttler.
Kwaroron Khapra yana haifar da mummunar barna ga hatsi da aka adana kuma shine babban abin da ake nema a tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma hanyoyin ketare iyaka. Masu bincike na Kanada sun gano yanayin zafi wanda ke kashe ƙwaro a dukkan matakai na zagayowar rayuwarsa, ciki har da diapause.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-13-2026
