Tare da fitarwa na shekara-shekara na sama da ton 700,000, glyphosate shine mafi yawan amfani da ciyawa mafi girma a duniya.Juriya na ciyawa da yuwuwar barazanar ga yanayin muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam da ke haifar da cin zarafi na glyphosate sun jawo hankali sosai.
A ranar 29 ga Mayu, ƙungiyar Farfesa Guo Ruiting daga Cibiyar Maɓalli na Jiha na Biocatalysis da Injiniyan Enzyme, tare da haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Jami'ar Hubei da sassan larduna da ma'aikatu, sun buga sabon takardar bincike a cikin Journal of Hazardous Materials, nazari. na farko bincike na barnyard ciyawa.(Mummunan paddy sako) -wanda aka samu aldo-keto reductase AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 suna haifar da tsarin amsawa na lalata glyphosate, kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar gurɓataccen glyphosate ta AKR4C17 ta hanyar gyaran ƙwayoyin cuta.
Girma juriya na glyphosate.
Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a cikin 1970s, glyphosate ya shahara a duk faɗin duniya, kuma a hankali ya zama mafi arha, wanda aka fi amfani da shi kuma mafi haɓakar ciyawa.Yana haifar da rikice-rikice na rayuwa a cikin tsire-tsire, ciki har da weeds, ta musamman hana 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), wani mahimmin enzyme da ke cikin ci gaban shuka da metabolism.da mutuwa.
Don haka, kiwo amfanin gona mai jure glyphosate da kuma amfani da glyphosate a cikin fage wata muhimmiyar hanya ce ta magance ciyawa a noman zamani.
Koyaya, tare da yaɗuwar amfani da cin zarafi na glyphosate, yawancin weeds a hankali sun samo asali kuma sun haɓaka haɓakar glyphosate mai girma.
Bugu da ƙari, glyphosate-resistant amfanin gona da aka gyara ba zai iya rushe glyphosate ba, wanda ya haifar da tarawa da kuma canja wurin glyphosate a cikin amfanin gona, wanda zai iya yadawa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar abinci da kuma cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam.
Sabili da haka, yana da gaggawa don gano kwayoyin halittar da za su iya lalata glyphosate, don yin noma high glyphosate-resistant amfanin gona transgenic tare da ƙananan glyphosate ragowar.
Rarraba tsarin crystal da tsarin amsawar catalytic na abubuwan da suka samo asali na glyphosate mai lalata enzymes.
A cikin 2019, ƙungiyoyin bincike na China da Ostiraliya sun gano aldo-keto reductases masu lalata glyphosate guda biyu, AKR4C16 da AKR4C17, a karon farko daga ciyawa mai jure glyphosate.Za su iya amfani da NADP + a matsayin cofactor don rage glyphosate zuwa aminomethylphosphonic acid mara guba da glyoxylic acid.
AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 sune farkon rahoton glyphosate-degrading enzymes da aka samar ta hanyar juyin halitta na tsirrai.Don ci gaba da bincika tsarin kwayoyin halittar su na lalata glyphosate, ƙungiyar Guo Ruiting ta yi amfani da crystallography X-ray don nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin waɗannan enzymes biyu da cofactor high.Matsakaicin tsarin ƙuduri ya bayyana yanayin ɗauri na ternary complex na glyphosate, NADP+ da AKR4C17, kuma ya ba da shawarar tsarin amsawar catalytic na AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 mai matsakaicin glyphosate.
Tsarin AKR4C17/NADP+/Glyphosate hadaddun da tsarin amsawa na lalata glyphosate.
Gyaran kwayoyin halitta yana inganta haɓakar haɓakar glyphosate.
Bayan samun kyakkyawan tsari mai girma uku na AKR4C17/NADP +/glyphosate, ƙungiyar Farfesa Guo Ruiting ta ƙara samun furotin na mutant AKR4C17F291D tare da haɓakar 70% a cikin ƙarancin ƙarancin glyphosate ta hanyar nazarin tsarin enzyme da ƙira mai ma'ana.
Binciken ayyukan gurɓataccen glyphosate na AKR4C17 mutants.
"Ayyukanmu yana bayyana tsarin kwayoyin AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 yana haifar da lalata glyphosate, wanda ya kafa muhimmin tushe don ƙarin gyare-gyare na AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 don inganta haɓakar su na glyphosate."Mawallafin takardar, Mataimakin Farfesa Dai Longhai na Jami'ar Hubei ya ce sun gina wani nau'in furotin AKR4C17F291D tare da ingantaccen aikin lalata glyphosate, wanda ke ba da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don noma babban amfanin gona mai jurewa glyphosate tare da ragowar glyphosate mai ƙananan glyphosate da kuma amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. rage glyphosate a cikin yanayi.
An ba da rahoton cewa, ƙungiyar Guo Ruiting ta daɗe tana gudanar da bincike kan tsarin bincike da kuma tattaunawa game da enzymes biodegradation, terpenoid synthases, da magungunan ƙwayoyi masu guba da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin muhalli.Li Hao, abokin bincike Yang Yu da malami Hu Yumei a cikin tawagar su ne mawallafin farko na takarda, kuma Guo Ruiting da Dai Longhai su ne mawallafin da suka dace.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-02-2022