Tare da fitar da sama da tan 700,000 a kowace shekara, glyphosate shine maganin kashe kwari mafi girma da ake amfani da shi a duniya. Juriyar ciyawa da barazanar da ka iya fuskanta ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam sakamakon amfani da glyphosate sun jawo hankali sosai.
A ranar 29 ga Mayu, ƙungiyar Farfesa Guo Ruiting daga Babban Dakin Gwaji na Biocatalysis da Enzyme Engineering, wanda Makarantar Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Jami'ar Hubei da sassan larduna da na ministoci suka kafa tare, sun buga sabuwar takardar bincike a cikin Mujallar Kayan Haɗari, suna nazarin bincike na farko na ciyawar barnyard. (Aldo-keto reductase mai cutarwa) wanda aka samo daga aldo-keto reductase AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 suna haɓaka tsarin amsawar lalata glyphosate, kuma suna inganta ingantaccen lalata glyphosate ta hanyar AKR4C17 ta hanyar gyaran kwayoyin halitta.
Ƙara juriya ga glyphosate.
Tun bayan da aka fara amfani da shi a shekarun 1970, glyphosate ya shahara a duk faɗin duniya, kuma a hankali ya zama mafi arha, mafi yawan amfani da shi, kuma mafi yawan amfanin gona. Yana haifar da rikice-rikicen metabolism a cikin shuke-shuke, gami da ciyawa, ta hanyar hana 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), wani muhimmin enzyme da ke da hannu a cikin girma da metabolism na shuke-shuke. da mutuwa.
Saboda haka, kiwon amfanin gona masu jure wa glyphosate da kuma amfani da glyphosate a gona hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta magance ciyayi a fannin noma na zamani.
Duk da haka, tare da yawan amfani da glyphosate da kuma amfani da shi ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ciyayi da dama sun bunƙasa a hankali kuma sun sami juriya mai yawa ga glyphosate.
Bugu da ƙari, amfanin gona masu jure wa glyphosate waɗanda aka gyara su ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta ba za su iya rusa glyphosate ba, wanda ke haifar da tarin glyphosate da canja wurinsa a cikin amfanin gona, wanda zai iya yaɗuwa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar sarkar abinci kuma ya yi barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam.
Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gano kwayoyin halitta da za su iya lalata glyphosate, domin a noma amfanin gona masu jure wa glyphosate masu ƙarancin ragowar glyphosate.
Magance tsarin lu'ulu'u da kuma tsarin amsawar catalytic na enzymes masu lalata glyphosate da aka samo daga tsire-tsire
A shekarar 2019, ƙungiyoyin bincike na China da Ostiraliya sun gano wasu ƙwayoyin aldo-keto reductase guda biyu masu lalata glyphosate, AKR4C16 da AKR4C17, a karon farko daga ciyawar barnyard mai jure wa glyphosate. Suna iya amfani da NADP+ a matsayin cofactor don rage glyphosate zuwa aminomethylphosphonic acid da glyoxylic acid marasa guba.
AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 su ne enzymes na farko da aka ruwaito suna lalata glyphosate waɗanda aka samar ta hanyar juyin halittar tsirrai. Domin ƙarin bincike kan tsarin kwayoyin halitta na lalata glyphosate, ƙungiyar Guo Ruiting ta yi amfani da X-ray crystallography don nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin waɗannan enzymes guda biyu da babban cofactor. Tsarin rikitarwa na ƙudurin ya bayyana yanayin ɗaurewar hadaddun glyphosate, NADP+ da AKR4C17, kuma sun gabatar da tsarin amsawar catalytic na lalata glyphosate na AKR4C16 da AKR4C17.
Tsarin hadaddun AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate da kuma tsarin amsawar lalacewar glyphosate.
Gyaran kwayoyin halitta yana inganta ingancin lalata glyphosate.
Bayan samun kyakkyawan tsarin AKR4C17/NADP+/glyphosate mai girma uku, ƙungiyar Farfesa Guo Ruiting ta ƙara samun furotin mai maye gurbin AKR4C17F291D tare da ƙaruwar kashi 70% a cikin ingancin lalata glyphosate ta hanyar nazarin tsarin enzyme da ƙira mai ma'ana.
Binciken ayyukan lalata glyphosate na maye gurbin AKR4C17.
"Aikinmu ya bayyana tsarin kwayoyin halitta na AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 wanda ke haɓaka lalacewar glyphosate, wanda ke shimfida muhimmin tushe don ƙarin gyare-gyare na AKR4C16 da AKR4C17 don inganta ingancin lalata glyphosate." Marubucin wannan takarda, Farfesa Dai Longhai na Jami'ar Hubei ya ce sun gina wani nau'in furotin mai maye gurbin AKR4C17F291D tare da ingantaccen ingancin lalata glyphosate, wanda ke ba da muhimmin kayan aiki don haɓaka amfanin gona masu jure wa glyphosate tare da ƙarancin ragowar glyphosate da amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta na injiniyan ƙwayoyin cuta don lalata glyphosate a cikin muhalli.
An ruwaito cewa ƙungiyar Guo Ruiting ta daɗe tana gudanar da bincike kan nazarin tsari da tattaunawa kan hanyoyin samar da enzymes na lalata muhalli, sinadaran terpenoid, da kuma sunadaran da ake amfani da su wajen samar da magunguna na abubuwa masu guba da cutarwa a muhalli. Li Hao, mai bincike mai suna Yang Yu da malami Hu Yumei a cikin tawagar su ne marubutan farko na wannan takarda, kuma Guo Ruiting da Dai Longhai su ne marubutan da suka yi aiki tare.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-02-2022