A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da hanzarta birane da kuma saurin canja wurin filaye, aikin karkara ya taru a birane, kuma ƙarancin aiki ya zama sananne, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar farashin aiki; kuma adadin mata a cikin ma'aikata ya ƙaru kowace shekara, kuma Magungunan aiki na gargajiya suna fuskantar ƙalubale. Musamman tare da ci gaba da aiwatar da rage yawan magungunan kashe kwari da haɓaka inganci, yana iya inganta yawan amfani da magungunan kashe kwari, rage nauyin aiki, da kuma samar da kyakkyawar dama don haɓaka dabarun ceton aiki tare da hanyoyin amfani da sauƙi. Shirye-shiryen ceton aiki da ceton aiki kamar digo na feshi, granules masu iyo, mai watsa fim, granules U, da microcapsules sun zama wuraren bincike na masana'antu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, suna haifar da kyakkyawar dama ga ci gaba. Ci gaban su da aikace-aikacen su sun mamaye babbar kasuwa a filayen noma, gami da wasu amfanin gona na kuɗi, kuma akwai fa'idodi da yawa.
Ci gaban shirye-shiryen ceton ma'aikata yana ƙara kyau
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, fasahar hada magungunan kashe kwari ta ƙasata ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma yanayin ci gaba zuwa ga kyautata muhalli ya ƙara bayyana; inganta aiki, mai da hankali kan aminci mai kyau, da rage yawan amfani da su da kuma ƙara inganci su ne kawai hanyar ci gaba.
Tsarin adana ma'aikata sabbin dabaru ne da ke bin wannan tsari. Musamman ma, binciken da ake yi kan magungunan kashe kwari yana nufin cewa masu aiki za su iya adana sa'o'i da aiki a ayyukan amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ta hanyoyi da matakai daban-daban, wato, nazarin yadda ake amfani da hanyoyin da suka fi ceton ma'aikata da kuma hanyoyin ceton ma'aikata don amfani da sinadaran kashe kwari cikin sauri da daidai. A shafa a yankin da ake son amfanin gona.
A duk duniya, Japan ita ce ƙasa mafi saurin ci gaba a fannin fasahar ceton ma'aikata, sai kuma Koriya ta Kudu. Ci gaban dabarun ceton ma'aikata ya biyo bayan matakai uku na bincike da haɓaka su, daga granules zuwa manyan granules, fervescent formulations, flowable formulations, sannan zuwa formulations na mai da ke yaɗa fim, granules masu iyo, da kuma granules na U.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, magungunan kashe kwari sun bunƙasa cikin sauri a ƙasata, kuma an ƙara haɓaka da amfani da fasahar magungunan kashe kwari masu alaƙa da su a cikin amfanin gona da gonakin paddy ke wakilta. A halin yanzu, magungunan kashe kwari masu ceton aiki sun haɗa da mai da ke yaɗa fim, granules masu iyo, granules na U, microcapsules, magungunan yaɗa ruwa a saman ruwa, magungunan kashe kwari (kwayoyi), manyan granules, granules masu yawan taro, magungunan hayaki, magungunan koto, da sauransu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin shirye-shiryen ceton ma'aikata da aka yi rijista a ƙasata ya ƙaru kowace shekara. Tun daga ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2021, Cibiyar Bayar da Bayanin Magungunan Kashe Goro ta China ta nuna cewa akwai samfuran manyan granules guda 24 da aka yi rijista a ƙasata, samfuran mai watsa fim guda 10, samfurin da aka yi rijista na wakilin watsa ruwa a saman ruwa guda 146, magungunan hayaki guda 262, da allunan effervescent. Allurai 17 da shirye-shiryen microcapsule guda 303.
Mingde Lida, Zhongbao Lunong, Xin'an Chemical, Shaanxi Thompson, Shandong Kesaiji Nong, Chengdu Xinchaoyang, Shaanxi Xiannong, Jiangxi Zhongxun, Shandong Xianda, Hunan Dafang, Anhui Huaxing Chemical, da dai sauransu duk suna kan wannan waƙar. 'shugaban.
Shirye-shiryen da aka fi amfani da su wajen ceton ma'aikata a filayen noma
A ce ana amfani da shirye-shiryen rage radadi sosai, kuma tsarin fasaha ya yi girma sosai, har yanzu shine filin noma.
Gonakin paddy sune amfanin gonaki da aka fi amfani da su wajen adana amfanin gona a gida da waje. Bayan ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, nau'ikan magungunan adana amfanin gona da ake amfani da su a gonakin paddy a ƙasata sune man feshi na fim, granules masu iyo da granules masu narkewa a saman ruwa (U granules). Daga cikinsu, man feshi na fim shine wanda aka fi amfani da shi.
Man fesa fim wani nau'in magani ne da ake amfani da shi wajen narkar da maganin kwari na asali kai tsaye a cikin mai. Musamman ma, man fesa ne da aka samar ta hanyar ƙara wani abu na musamman da ke yaɗawa da yaɗawa a cikin man fesa na yau da kullun. Idan aka yi amfani da shi, ana jefa shi kai tsaye a cikin gonar shinkafa don yaɗawa, kuma bayan yaɗawa, yana yaɗawa a saman ruwa da kansa don yin tasirinsa. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da kayayyakin gida kamar 4% na man fesa fim ɗin thifur·azoxystrobin, 8% na man fesa fim ɗin thiazide, 1% na man fesa fim ɗin gishiri na spirulina ethanolamine, da sauransu ta hanyar digowa, wanda hakan ya dace sosai. Tsarin man fesa fim ɗin ya haɗa da sinadaran aiki, surfactants, da kuma abubuwan da ke rage tasirinsa, kuma alamun sarrafa ingancinsa sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke cikin sinadaran aiki, kewayon pH, tashin hankali a saman, tashin hankali tsakanin fuskoki, danshi, saurin yaɗawa, yankin yaɗawa, kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi, ajiyar zafi.
Kwayoyi masu iyo wani sabon nau'in maganin kashe kwari ne wanda ke shawagi kai tsaye a saman ruwa bayan an saka shi cikin ruwa, yana yaɗuwa cikin sauri zuwa saman ruwa gaba ɗaya, sannan ya wargaje ya bazu cikin ruwa. Abubuwan da ke cikinsa galibi sun haɗa da sinadaran kashe kwari, abubuwan cika ruwa, abubuwan ɗaurewa, abubuwan wargajewa, da sauransu. Abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyi masu iyo sun haɗa da sinadaran aiki, masu ɗaukar ruwa, da masu wargajewa, kuma alamun kula da ingancinsa sun haɗa da bayyanarsa, lokacin wargajewa, saurin iyo, nisan yaɗuwa, ƙimar wargajewa, da kuma wargajewa.
An yi amfani da sinadarin U granules da sinadarai masu aiki, masu ɗaukar kaya, masu ɗaurewa da kuma masu rarrabawa. Idan aka shafa su a gonakin paddy, granules ɗin za su zauna a ƙasa na ɗan lokaci, sannan granules ɗin su sake fitowa su yi iyo. A ƙarshe, sinadarin da ke aiki yana narkewa kuma yana yaɗuwa a duk inda yake a saman ruwa. Farkon ci gaban shine shirya cypermethrin don sarrafa weevil na ruwan shinkafa. Haɗin granules na U ya haɗa da sinadaran aiki, masu ɗaukar kaya, masu ɗaurewa, da masu rarrabawa, kuma alamun kula da ingancinsa sun haɗa da bayyanar, lokacin fara iyo, lokacin kammala iyo, nisan yaɗuwa, ƙimar wargajewa, da wargajewa.
A cewar masu bincike a fannin masana'antu, Japan da Koriya ta Kudu sun inganta amfani da granules U da granules masu iyo a babban sikelin, amma akwai ƙarancin bincike a cikin gida, kuma babu wani samfura da suka shafi hakan da aka sanya a kasuwa tukuna. Duk da haka, ana kyautata zaton za a sami samfuran granule masu iyo a kasuwa a China nan gaba kaɗan. A wannan lokacin, za a maye gurbin wasu granules na gargajiya na ruwa ko samfuran kwamfutar hannu masu iyo a jere a cikin maganin gona na shinkafa, wanda zai ba da damar amfani da ƙarin samfuran paddy na shinkafa na gida. Manoma suna amfana daga yadda ake amfani da su.
Shirye-shiryen micro-encrulated sun zama babban gasa na gaba a masana'antar
Daga cikin nau'ikan shirye-shiryen ceton ma'aikata da ake da su a yanzu, shirye-shiryen da aka yi wa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun zama abin da masana'antu suka fi mayar da hankali a kai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Tsarin maganin kashe kwari na microcapsule (CS) yana nufin wani tsari na maganin kashe kwari wanda ke amfani da kayan polymer na roba ko na halitta don samar da ƙaramin akwati na tsarin harsashi na tsakiya, yana shafa maganin kashe kwari a cikinsa, sannan ya rataye shi a cikin ruwa. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, harsashin capsule da kuma babban capsule, babban capsule sinadari ne mai aiki a cikin magungunan kashe kwari, kuma harsashin capsule kayan polymer ne mai samar da fim. An fara amfani da fasahar microencapsulation a ƙasashen waje, gami da wasu magungunan kashe kwari da fungi, waɗanda suka shawo kan matsalolin fasaha da kuɗi, kuma an haɓaka shi sosai a China a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar binciken da China Pesticide Information Network ta yi, ya zuwa ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2021, adadin kayayyakin shirye-shiryen microencapsuled da aka yi rijista a ƙasata ya kai 303, kuma hanyoyin da aka yi rijista sun haɗa da dakatarwar microcapsule 245, dakatarwar microcapsule 33, da dakatarwar microcapsule na maganin iri. Kwayoyi 11, magungunan dakatar da maganin iri guda 8, foda na kwayoyi 3, kwayoyi 7 na kwayoyi, kwayoyi 1 na kwayoyi, da kuma kwayoyi 1 na dakatar da ruwa.
Za a iya ganin cewa adadin dakatarwar ƙananan capsules da aka yi rijista a cikin shirye-shiryen ƙananan capsules na cikin gida shine mafi girma, kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan allurai da aka yi rijista ƙanana ne, don haka akwai babban sarari don haɓakawa.
Liu Runfeng, darektan Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaba ta Yunfa Biological Group, ya ce ƙananan ƙwayoyin maganin kwari, a matsayin wani tsari mai kyau ga muhalli, suna da fa'idodin sakamako mai ɗorewa, aminci da kariyar muhalli. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine wurin bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma shine sabon yanki na gaba ga masana'antun da za su yi gogayya. A halin yanzu, binciken cikin gida kan ƙwayoyin yana da yawa a jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike na kimiyya, kuma binciken ka'idar asali yana da cikakken bayani. Saboda akwai shingaye da yawa na fasaha a cikin tsarin samar da shirye-shiryen ƙananan ƙwayoyin, ƙasa da 100 a zahiri ana tallata su, kuma kusan babu shirye-shiryen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a China. Kayayyakin ƙwayoyin cuta kamfanoni ne na shirya magungunan kwari waɗanda ke da gasa sosai.
A cikin gasar kasuwa mai zafi da ake yi a yanzu, baya ga matsayin da ba za a iya lalatawa na tsoffin kamfanonin ƙasashen waje a zukatan al'ummar Sinawa ba, kamfanonin kirkire-kirkire na cikin gida kamar Mingde Lida, Hailier, Lier, da Guangxi Tianyuan sun dogara da inganci don karya katangar. Daga cikinsu, Mingde Lida ta karyata ra'ayin cewa kayayyakin China ba su da kyau kamar kamfanonin ƙasashen waje a wannan hanya.
Liu Runfeng ya gabatar da cewa fasahar microencapsulation ita ce babbar gasa ta Mindleader. Mindleader ya ƙirƙiro sinadarai kamar beta-cyhalothrin, metolachlor, prochloraz, da abamectin: Akwai samfura sama da 20 waɗanda aka ba da takardar shaida kuma suna kan layi don yin rijista a manyan sassa guda huɗu: jerin microcapsule na maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, jerin microcapsule na maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, jerin microcapsule na maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, da jerin microcapsule na maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. An rufe amfanin gona daban-daban, kamar shinkafa, citrus, kayan lambu, alkama, apples, masara, apples, inabi, gyada, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, samfuran ƙananan capsules na Mingde Lida waɗanda aka lissafa ko kuma za a jera su a China sun haɗa da Delica® (25% beta-cyhalothrin da clothianidin microcapsule suspension agent), Lishan® (45% essence Metolachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Lizao® (30% Oxadiazone·Butachlor Microcapsule Suspension), Minggong® (30% Prochloraz Microcapsule Suspension), Jinggongfu ® (23% beta-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension), Miaowanjin® (25% clothianidin·metalaxyl·fludioxonil seed treatment microcapsule suspension), Deliang® (5% Abamectin Microcapsule Suspension), Mingdaoshou® (25% Prochloraz·Blastamide Microcapsule Suspension), da sauransu. Nan gaba, za a sami ƙarin sabbin hanyoyin haɗakar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan capsules. Da isowar rajistar ƙasashen waje, za a ci gaba da tallata kayayyakin ƙananan ƙwayoyin Mingde Lida a hankali a duk duniya.
Da yake magana game da ci gaban bincike da haɓaka ƙananan ƙwayoyin maganin kwari a nan gaba, Liu Runfeng ya bayyana cewa za a sami waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyar: ① daga sakin da aka yi a hankali zuwa sakin da aka sarrafa; ② kayan bango masu kyau ga muhalli maimakon kayan bango na roba don rage sakin "ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta" a cikin muhalli; ③ bisa tsarin ƙira don yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace; ④ Hanyoyin shiri masu aminci da aminci ga muhalli; ⑤ Ka'idojin kimantawa na kimiyya. Inganta daidaiton ingancin samfuran dakatar da ƙwayoyin cuta zai zama abin da kamfanonin da Mingde Lida ke wakilta za su mayar da hankali a kai a nan gaba.
A taƙaice, tare da ci gaban da aka samu na rage yawan magungunan kashe kwari da inganta inganci, buƙatar kasuwa da yuwuwar samar da magungunan ceton ma'aikata za a ƙara amfani da su, kuma makomarsu ba za ta ƙare ba. Tabbas, za a sami ƙarin kamfanonin shirye-shirye masu kyau da ke kwarara cikin wannan hanya, kuma gasar za ta fi tsanani. Saboda haka, mutane a masana'antar suna kira ga kamfanonin maganin kashe kwari na cikin gida da su ƙara ƙarfafa bincike da haɓaka magungunan kashe kwari, ƙara saka hannun jari a binciken kimiyya, bincika amfani da fasaha a sarrafa magungunan kashe kwari, haɓaka haɓaka magungunan ceton ma'aikata, da kuma inganta hidimar noma.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-05-2022