一,Fusarium ya bushe
Alamomin cutarwa:
Auduga Fusarium ya bushena iya faruwa daga seedlings zuwa manya, tare da mafi girman abin da ya faru kafin da kuma bayan budding.Ana iya rarraba shi zuwa nau'ikan 5:
1. Nau'in Reticulated Yellow: Jijiyoyin ganyen marasa lafiya suna zama rawaya, mesophyll ya kasance kore, wasu ko galibin ganyen suna bayyana rawaya a baya, a hankali suna raguwa kuma suna bushewa;
2. Nau'in rawaya: Na gida ko manyan sassan gefuna na ganye suna juya rawaya, raguwa da bushe;
3. Nau'in ja mai ruwan shuɗi: Na gida ko manyan sassan ganyen suna yin ja jajaye, kuma jijiyoyin ganyen suma suna fitowa jajayen shuɗi, suna bushewa da bushewa;
4. Koren bushewa: Kwatsam sai ganyayen ya rasa ruwa, kalar ganyen sai ya zama koren duhu kadan, ganyen ya yi laushi da sirara, duk tsiron ya yi kore ya bushe ya mutu, amma gaba daya ganyen ba ya fadowa, sai ganyayen ya yi laushi. petioles suna lankwasa;
5. Nau'in shrinkage: Lokacin da akwai 5-7 ganye na gaskiya, yawancin manyan ganyen ganyayyaki na shuka suna raguwa, maras kyau, launin kore mai duhu, tare da gajeriyar internodes, ya fi guntu fiye da tsire-tsire masu lafiya, gabaɗaya baya mutuwa, da xylem na Tushen shuka mai cuta da sashin tushe ya juya launin ruwan kasa baki.
Tsarin Pathogenesis:
Auduga yakan yi saurin jujjuyawa a cikin nau'ikan shuka marasa lafiya, ragowar shuka marasa lafiya, ƙasa, da taki.Harkokin sufurin gurbataccen iri shine babban dalilin da ke haifar da sabbin wuraren cututtuka, kuma ayyukan noma kamar noma, gudanarwa, da ban ruwa a cikin gonakin auduga da ya shafa sune muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da yaduwar cutar.Pathogenic spores na iya girma a cikin tushen, mai tushe, ganye, bawo, da dai sauransu na shuke-shuke marasa lafiya a lokacin zafi mai yawa, wanda zai iya yada tare da iska da ruwan sama, yana cutar da tsire-tsire masu lafiya.
Abin da ya faru na Auduga Fusarium ya busheyana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi da zafi.Gabaɗaya, cutar tana farawa a kusan 20 ℃ zafin ƙasa, kuma ta kai kololuwa lokacin da zafin ƙasa ya tashi zuwa 25 ℃ -28 ℃;A cikin ruwan sama ko damina a lokacin rani, cutar tana da tsanani;Filayen auduga tare da ƙananan ƙasa, ƙasa mai nauyi, ƙasa alkaline, ƙarancin magudanar ruwa, aikace-aikacen takin nitrogen, da noma mai yawa suna da tasiri sosai.
Kariya da sarrafa sinadarai:
1. Kafin shuka, yi amfani da 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methyl sulfur • thiram 500 sau bayani don rigakafin ƙasa;
2. A farkon cutar, an shayar da tushen tare da 40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 sau 600-800 maganin fesa ko maganin 500, ko 50% thiram 600-800 sau bayani, 80% mancozeb 80000. -1000 sau bayani, tare da tasiri mai mahimmanci;
3. Ga filayen masu fama da cututtuka, a lokaci guda, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate bayani da 1% urea bayani ana amfani da foliar fesa kowane 5-7 kwanaki 2-3 a jere sau.Tasirin rigakafin cutar ya fi bayyane.
二,Cotton Verticillium Wilt
Alamomin cutarwa:
Kafin da kuma bayan bullowa a cikin filin, cutar ta fara faruwa, tare da gefuna na ganyen marasa lafiya suna rasa ruwa da bushewa.Alamun rawaya marasa daidaituwa suna fitowa akan mesophyll tsakanin veins na ganye, a hankali suna faɗaɗa zuwa koren dabino kamar faci akan jijiyar ganye, kama da fatun kankana.Ganyen tsakiya da na ƙasa a hankali suna haɓaka zuwa ɓangaren sama, ba tare da faɗuwa ko faɗuwar ganye ba.Shuka mara lafiya ya ɗan gajarta fiye da shuka mai lafiya.Bayan dogon fari a lokacin rani da damina, ko kuma ban ruwa, sai ganyayen ya bushe ba zato ba tsammani, kamar tafasasshen ruwa, sannan ya fado, wanda ake kira acute wilting type.
Kariya da sarrafa sinadarai:
1. Zaɓi nau'ikan da ke jure cututtuka da aiwatar da juyawa da jujjuya amfanin gona.A yankin auduga na arewa, yin amfani da alkama, masara, da jujjuyawar auduga na iya rage kamuwa da cututtuka;Matsakaicin feshin girma akan lokaci kamar Sujie An a lokacin toho da matakan boll na iya rage faruwar verticillium wilt.
2. A farkon mataki, 80% mancozeb, 50% thiram, 50% methamphetamine, thiram da sauran wakilai an fesa su da ruwa sau 600-800 sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 5-7 na sau uku a jere, wanda yayi tasiri mai kyau akan rigakafin auduga verticillium wilt.
三,Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin auduga verticillium wilt da fusarium wilt
1. Verticillium wilt ya bayyana a baya kuma kawai ya fara faruwa a lokacin lokacin toho;Fusarium wilt na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa a lokacin matakin seedling, yayin da matakin toho shine matakin kololuwar cutar.
2. Verticillium wilt yawanci yana farawa daga ƙananan ganye, yayin da fusarium yakan fara farawa daga sama zuwa ƙasa.
3. Verticillium wilt yana haifar da yellowing na mesophyll da fusarium wilt yana haifar da yellowing na veins.
4. Verticillium wilt yana haifar da dwarfism kadan, yayin da fusarium zai haifar da nau'in tsire-tsire na dwarfed kuma internodes ya fi guntu;
5. Bayan yankan kara, verticillium bundle na jijiyoyin bugun jini yana da launin ruwan kasa, kuma fusarium wilt yana da launin ruwan kasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-14-2023