一,Fusarium yana lalata
Alamomin cutarwa:
Auduga Fusarium yana lalataZai iya faruwa daga shuka zuwa manya, inda mafi yawan faruwar hakan ke faruwa kafin da kuma bayan tohowa. Ana iya rarraba shi zuwa nau'i 5:
1. Nau'in Reticulated Rawaya: Jijiyoyin ganyen shukar da ke fama da cutar suna yin rawaya, mesophyll ɗin ya kasance kore, kuma wasu ko yawancin ganyen suna bayyana rawaya suna reticulated, a hankali suna raguwa da bushewa;
2. Nau'in rawaya: Yankunan gida ko manyan gefun ganye suna yin rawaya, suna raguwa kuma suna bushewa;
3. Nau'in ja mai launin shunayya: Sassan ganyayyaki na gida ko manyan suna juya launin shunayya mai launin shunayya, kuma jijiyoyin ganyen suma suna bayyana launin shunayya mai launin shunayya, suna bushewa da bushewa;
4. Nau'in kore mai bushewa: Ganyen ba zato ba tsammani suna rasa ruwa, launin ganyen ya zama kore mai duhu kaɗan, ganyen ya zama mai laushi da siriri, dukkan shukar ta zama kore kuma bushe kuma ta mutu, amma ganyayyakin gabaɗaya ba sa faɗuwa, kuma petioles ɗin sun lanƙwasa;
5. Nau'in raguwa: Idan akwai ganye na gaske guda 5-7, yawancin ganyen saman shukar da ke fama da cutar suna raguwa, suna da nakasa, launin kore mai duhu, tare da gajerun internodes, sun fi gajerun shuke-shuke masu lafiya, gabaɗaya ba sa mutuwa, kuma xylem na tushen shukar da sashin tushe na shukar da ke fama da cutar yana juya launin ruwan kasa baƙi.
Tsarin halittar cuta:
Kwayar cutar da ke lalata auduga galibi tana yin sanyi a lokacin sanyi a cikin tsaban shukar da ke da cutar, ragowar shuke-shuken da ke da cutar, ƙasa, da taki. Jigilar iri da suka gurɓata shine babban abin da ke haifar da sabbin cututtuka, kuma ayyukan noma kamar noma, kula da su, da ban ruwa a gonakin audugar da abin ya shafa muhimman abubuwa ne na yaɗuwa kusa. Kwayoyin cuta masu cutar na iya girma a cikin tushen, tushe, ganye, harsashi, da sauransu na shuke-shuken da ke da cutar a lokacin zafi mai yawa, waɗanda za su iya yaɗuwa da iska da ruwan sama, suna kamuwa da shuke-shuke masu lafiya da ke kewaye da su.
Yawan Auduga Fusarium yana lalatayana da alaƙa da yanayin zafi da danshi. Gabaɗaya, cutar tana farawa ne da zafin ƙasa kusan digiri 20 na Celsius, kuma tana kaiwa kololuwa lokacin da zafin ƙasa ya tashi zuwa digiri 25 na Celsius -28 na Celsius; A lokacin ruwan sama ko lokacin damina a lokacin rani, cutar tana da tsanani; Gonakin auduga masu ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai nauyi, ƙasa mai alkaline, rashin magudanar ruwa mai kyau, amfani da takin nitrogen, da kuma yawan noma suna da matuƙar illa.
Rigakafi da kuma kula da sinadarai:
1. Kafin shuka, yi amfani da kashi 40% na carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, kashi 50% na methyl sulfur • thiram mai maganin sau 500 don tsaftace ƙasa;
2. A farkon cutar, an yi wa tushen ban ruwa da kashi 40% na carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, kashi 50% na methylsulfide • thiram sau 600-800 na feshi ko maganin sau 500, ko kuma maganin sau 500-800 na thiram sau 600-800, mancozeb sau 800-1000 na maganin sau, tare da tasirin sarrafawa mai mahimmanci;
3. Ga gonakin da ke fama da cutar, a lokaci guda, ana amfani da kashi 0.2% na potassium dihydrogen phosphate tare da kashi 1% na urea don fesa foliar a kowace kwana 5-7 na tsawon sau 2-3 a jere. Tasirin rigakafin cutar ya fi bayyana.
二,Auduga Verticillium Wilt
Alamomin cutarwa:
Kafin da kuma bayan sun yi fure a gona, cutar ta fara bayyana, inda gefun ganyen da suka kamu da cutar suka rasa ruwa suka yi bushewa. Faranti masu launin rawaya marasa tsari suna bayyana a kan mesophyll tsakanin jijiyoyin ganye, suna faɗaɗa a hankali zuwa faci kamar na dabino kore a kan jijiyoyin ganye, suna kama da fatar kankana. Ganyen tsakiya da na ƙasa suna girma a hankali zuwa ɓangaren sama, ba tare da faɗuwa ko faɗuwar ganye ba. Shukar da ta kamu da cutar ta ɗan yi gajere fiye da shukar lafiya. Bayan dogon fari a lokacin rani da ruwan sama, ko ban ruwa a ambaliyar ruwa, ganyen sun yi bushewa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar ruwan zãfi ya ƙone, sannan suka faɗi, wanda ake kira nau'in bushewa mai tsanani.
Rigakafi da kuma kula da sinadarai:
1. Zaɓar nau'ikan da ba sa jure wa cututtuka da kuma aiwatar da juyawa da jujjuya amfanin gona. A yankin arewacin auduga, amfani da alkama, masara, da jujjuyawar auduga na iya rage yawan kamuwa da cututtuka; Feshi da magungunan da ke daidaita girma kamar Sujie An a lokacin da ake buƙatar buds da boll na iya rage faruwar verticillium wilt.
2. A matakin farko, an fesa kashi 80% na mancozeb, kashi 50% na thiram, kashi 50% na methamphetamine, thiram da sauran magunguna da ruwa sau 600-800 sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 5-7 na tsawon sau uku a jere, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri mai kyau wajen hana wilt na auduga.
三,Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin auduga verticillium wilt da fusarium wilt
1. Zafin Verticillium yana bayyana a makare kuma yana fara faruwa ne kawai a lokacin fure; Zafin Fusarium na iya haifar da mummunan lalacewa a lokacin shuka, yayin da matakin fure shine matakin farko na cutar.
2. Verticillium wilt galibi yana farawa ne daga ƙananan ganye, yayin da fusarium wilt yakan fara daga sama zuwa ƙasa.
3. Verticillium wilt yana haifar da rawayar mesophyll kuma fusarium wilt yana haifar da rawayar jijiyoyin.
4. Zafin Verticillium yana haifar da ɗan ƙaramin dwarfism, yayin da zafin fusarium yana sa nau'in shuka ya yi duhu kuma internodes ɗin suka yi gajeru;
5. Bayan yanke tushen, verticillium wilt ɗin jijiyoyin jini zai yi launin ruwan kasa mai haske, kuma fusarium wilt ɗin zai yi launin ruwan kasa mai duhu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-14-2023