Ana neman madadin maganin kashe kwari neonicotinoid?Alejandro Calixto, darektan Shirin Gudanar da Haɗin Kwari na Jami'ar Cornell, ya raba ɗan haske yayin balaguron noman rani na kwanan nan wanda Ƙungiyar Manoman Masara da Waken Soya ta New York ta shirya a Rodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"Haɗin gwiwar sarrafa kwari shine dabarun da ke da alaƙa da kimiyya wanda ke mai da hankali kan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta na dogon lokaci ko lalacewa ta hanyar haɗakar dabarun," in ji Calixto.
Yana kallon gonar a matsayin wani yanayin da ke da alaƙa da muhalli, tare da kowane yanki yana tasiri ɗayan.Amma wannan kuma ba shine mafita mai sauri ba.
Magance matsalolin kwari ta hanyar hada-hadar sarrafa kwari yana daukar lokaci, in ji shi.Da zarar an warware takamaiman matsala, aikin ba ya ƙarewa.
Menene IPM?Wannan na iya haɗawa da ayyukan noma, kwayoyin halitta, sarrafa sinadarai da nazarin halittu, da sarrafa wurin zama.Tsarin yana farawa tare da gano kwari, sa ido da kintace waɗannan kwari, zaɓar dabarun IPM, da kimanta sakamakon waɗannan ayyukan.
Calixto ya kira mutanen IPM da ya yi aiki da su, kuma sun kafa wata kungiya mai kama da SWAT wacce ke yaki da kwari kamar goro.
"Suna da tsarin tsarin jiki, ana ɗaukar su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire kuma suna motsawa ta hanyar tsarin jijiyoyin jini," in ji Calixto.“Suna iya narkewa da ruwa kuma idan an shafa su a ƙasa sai tsire-tsire suke sha.Waɗannan su ne magungunan kashe qwari da aka fi amfani da su a duniya, wanda ke yin niyya ga ƙwari iri-iri.
Amma kuma amfani da shi ya zama abin cece-kuce, kuma nan ba da jimawa ba magungunan neonicotinoids na jihar na iya zama doka a New York.A farkon wannan bazarar, majalisar dattijai ta zartar da abin da ake kira Dokar Kare Tsuntsaye da Kudan zuma, wanda zai hana amfani da iri mai rufin asiri a jihar yadda ya kamata.Har yanzu Gwamna Kathy Hochul ba ta sanya hannu kan dokar ba, kuma ba a san lokacin da za ta yi hakan ba.
Ita kanta tsutsar masara kwaro ce mai tsauri domin takan yi sanyi cikin sauƙi.Da farkon bazara, ƙudaje manya suna fitowa suna hayayyafa.Mata suna yin ƙwai a cikin ƙasa, suna zabar wurin da aka fi so, kamar ƙasa mai ɗauke da ruɓaɓɓen kwayoyin halitta, filayen da aka takin da taki ko kayan amfanin gona, ko kuma inda ake shuka wasu legumes.Kajin suna cin sabbin iri, gami da masara da waken soya.
Ɗaya daga cikin su shine amfani da "tarkon shuɗi" a gonar.Bayanan farko da yake aiki tare da Cornell Extension kwararre a fannin amfanin gona Mike Stanyard ya ba da shawarar launin tarkuna.
A bara, masu binciken Jami'ar Cornell sun bincika filayen a gonaki 61 don kasancewar gungun masara.Bayanai sun nuna cewa jimillar gwanon masarar iri a cikin tarko mai shuɗi ya kusan kusan 500, yayin da adadin ƙwayar masarar iri a cikin tarko na rawaya fall Armyworm ya wuce 100.
Wani madaidaicin madaidaicin neon shine sanya tarko a cikin filayen.Calixto ya ce grubs na masarar iri suna sha'awar alfalfa mai ƙima, wanda shine mafi kyawun zaɓi fiye da sauran abubuwan da aka gwada (sauran alfalfa, abincin kashi, abincin kifi, taki mai ruwa, abincin nama da abubuwan jan hankali na wucin gadi)..
Hasashen lokacin da tsutsotsin masara za su fito zai iya taimaka wa masu noman da ke da masaniya game da haɗin gwiwar sarrafa kwari da tsara yadda za su mayar da martani.Jami'ar Cornell ta ƙera kayan aikin tsinkayar ƙwayar masara-newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-magot-wanda ke cikin gwajin beta a halin yanzu.
"Wannan yana taimakawa hango ko hasashen ko kuna buƙatar yin odar iri da aka yi magani a cikin fall," in ji Calixto.
Wani nau'in magani shine iri da ake kula da shi tare da methyl jasmonate, wanda a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya sa tsire-tsire su yi tsayayya da ciyarwar masara.Bayanai na farko sun nuna raguwar raguwar adadin magudanar masara.
Sauran ingantattun hanyoyin sun haɗa da diamides, thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, da spinosad.Bayanan farko sun nuna cewa ana kwatanta duk nau'in ƙwayar masara da aka kwatanta da makirci tare da iri mara kyau.
A wannan shekara, ƙungiyar Calixto tana kammala gwaje-gwajen greenhouse ta amfani da methyl jasmonate don ƙayyade martanin kashi da amincin amfanin gona.
"Muna kuma neman sutura," in ji shi.“Wasu amfanin gonaki suna jawo masarar iri.Babu bambanci da yawa tsakanin shuka amfanin gona na rufewa a yanzu da dasa su a da.A wannan shekarar muna ganin irin wannan tsari, amma ba mu san dalili ba."
A shekara mai zuwa, ƙungiyar ta yi shirin shigar da sababbin zane-zane na tarko a cikin gwaje-gwajen filin da kuma fadada kayan aikin haɗari don haɗawa da wuri mai faɗi, rufe amfanin gona, da tarihin kwari don inganta samfurin;gwaje-gwajen filin na methyl jasmonate da magungunan iri na gargajiya tare da maganin kwari irin su diamide da spinosad;da kuma gwada amfani da methyl jasmonate a matsayin wakilin bushewar iri na masara wanda ya dace da masu noma.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-14-2023