Neman madadin magungunan kashe kwari na neonicotinoid? Alejandro Calixto, darektan Shirin Gudanar da Kwari na Jami'ar Cornell, ya raba wasu bayanai a lokacin rangadin amfanin gona na bazara da Ƙungiyar Manoman Masara da Waken Soya ta New York ta shirya a Rodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"Haɗaɗɗen tsarin kula da kwari dabara ce da ta dogara da kimiyya wadda ta mayar da hankali kan rigakafin kamuwa da kwari ko lalacewa na dogon lokaci ta hanyar haɗakar dabarun," in ji Calixto.
Yana kallon gonar a matsayin wani yanayi da ke da alaƙa da muhalli, inda kowane yanki ke tasiri ga ɗayan. Amma wannan kuma ba mafita ce mai sauri ba.
Ya ce magance matsalolin kwari ta hanyar hadadden tsarin kula da kwari yana ɗaukar lokaci. Da zarar an magance wata takamaiman matsala, aikin ba ya ƙarewa.
Menene IPM? Wannan na iya haɗawa da ayyukan noma, kwayoyin halitta, sarrafa sinadarai da halittu, da kuma kula da muhalli. Tsarin yana farawa da gano kwari, sa ido da kuma hasashen waɗannan kwari, zaɓar dabarun IPM, da kuma kimanta sakamakon waɗannan ayyukan.
Calixto ya kira mutanen IPM da yake aiki da su, kuma suka kafa ƙungiya mai kama da SWAT wadda ke yaƙi da kwari kamar ƙwari.
Calixto ya ce, "Suna da tsari a jiki, ƙwayoyin shuka suna ɗauke su kuma suna tafiya ta cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini." "Suna narkewa cikin ruwa kuma idan aka shafa su a ƙasa tsire-tsire suna shanye su. Waɗannan su ne magungunan kashe kwari da aka fi amfani da su a duniya, suna kai hari ga wasu manyan kwari."
Amma amfani da shi ya kuma zama abin cece-kuce, kuma neonicotinoids na jihar na iya zama haramtacciyar hanya nan ba da jimawa ba a New York. A farkon wannan bazarar, Majalisar Wakilai da Majalisar Dattawa sun amince da abin da ake kira Dokar Kare Tsuntsaye da Kudan zuma, wadda za ta haramta amfani da iri mai rufi da neon a jihar. Gwamna Kathy Hochul ba ta sanya hannu kan kudirin ba tukuna, kuma ba a san lokacin da za ta yi hakan ba.
Kwari na masara da kansa kwaro ne mai juriya domin yana wuce gona da iri cikin sauƙi a lokacin hunturu. A farkon bazara, ƙudaje manya suna fitowa suna hayayyafa. Mata suna yin ƙwai a cikin ƙasa, suna zaɓar wurin da "suka fi so", kamar ƙasa mai ruɓewar abubuwa masu rai, gonaki da aka yi wa taki ko kuma aka rufe amfanin gona, ko kuma inda ake noma wasu nau'ikan wake. Kaji suna cin sabbin iri, ciki har da masara da waken soya.
Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine amfani da "tarkuna masu shuɗi" a gonar. Bayanan farko da yake aiki tare da ƙwararren masanin amfanin gona na Cornell Extension, Mike Stanyard, sun nuna cewa launin tarkunan yana da mahimmanci.
A bara, masu bincike na Jami'ar Cornell sun duba gonaki a gonaki 61 don ganin ko akwai ƙwarin masara. Bayanan sun nuna cewa jimillar ƙwarin masara da ke cikin tarkon tsutsotsi masu launin shuɗi ya kusa kai 500, yayin da jimillar ƙwarin masara da ke cikin tarkon tsutsotsi masu launin rawaya ya wuce 100.
Wani madadin neon mai kyau shine sanya tarkunan da aka kama a gonaki. Calixto ya ce tsutsotsin masara iri suna sha'awar alfalfa da aka yayyanka, wanda ya fi kyau fiye da sauran kuli da aka gwada (ragowar alfalfa, abincin ƙashi, abincin kifi, taki na kiwo mai ruwa, abincin nama da abubuwan jan hankali na wucin gadi).
Hasashen lokacin da tsutsotsin masara iri za su fito zai iya taimaka wa manoma su san yadda za su magance kwari ta hanyar haɗaka. Jami'ar Cornell ta ƙirƙiro kayan aikin hasashen tsutsotsin masara iri—newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot—wanda a halin yanzu ake gwajin beta.
"Wannan yana taimakawa wajen hasashen ko kuna buƙatar yin odar iri da aka yi wa magani a lokacin kaka," in ji Calixto.
Wani maganin iri kuma shine maganin iri da aka yi wa magani da methyl jasmonate, wanda a dakin gwaje-gwaje zai iya sa tsire-tsire su zama masu juriya ga cin ƙwayar masara. Bayanan farko sun nuna raguwa sosai a yawan tsutsotsin masara masu rai.
Sauran hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri sun haɗa da diamides, thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, da spinosad. Bayanan farko sun nuna cewa duk tsutsotsin iri na masara da aka sarrafa an kwatanta su da filayen da aka yi amfani da iri da ba a yi magani ba.
A wannan shekarar, ƙungiyar Calixto tana kammala gwaje-gwajen greenhouse ta amfani da methyl jasmonate don tantance martanin da ake bayarwa da kuma amincin amfanin gona.
"Muna kuma neman rufin gida," in ji shi. "Wasu amfanin gona suna jawo hankalin ƙwayoyin masara iri. Babu bambanci sosai tsakanin shuka amfanin gona a rufe yanzu da kuma shuka su a baya. A wannan shekarar muna ganin irin wannan tsari, amma ba mu san dalili ba."
A shekara mai zuwa, ƙungiyar tana shirin haɗa sabbin ƙira a cikin gwaje-gwajen gonaki da faɗaɗa kayan aikin haɗari don haɗawa da yanayin ƙasa, rufe amfanin gona, da tarihin kwari don inganta samfurin; gwaje-gwajen gonaki na methyl jasmonate da maganin iri na gargajiya da magungunan kwari kamar diamide da spinosad; da kuma gwada amfani da methyl jasmonate a matsayin maganin busar da iri na masara da ya dace da manoma.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-14-2023