Masara, a matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin manyan amfanin gona guda uku na abinci a ƙasar Sin, tana da mafi girman yankin shuka da kuma mafi girman jimillar amfanin gona da ake samu a cikin dukkan amfanin gonakin abinci. Tana da matsayi mai mahimmanci wanda ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba wajen tabbatar da tsaron abinci na ƙasa, tana tallafawa ci gaban masana'antar ciyarwa da kuma ɓangaren sarrafa abinci mai zurfi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sakamakon abubuwa da yawa kamar daidaita tsarin wadata da buƙata na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, raguwar farashi a lokaci-lokaci, da kuma ci gaba da hauhawar farashin samarwa, masana'antar masara tana fuskantar matsalar tsarin "babban yawan amfanin gona amma ƙarancin inganci".
A cikin wannan mahallin, bisa ga muhimman bayanai na masana'antar masara ta China, wannan takarda ta yi nazari kan muhimman alamu kamar samarwa, farashin kasuwa, cinikin shigo da kaya da fitarwa, tsarin farashi da kuma kudin shiga na shuka. Tana nazarin yanayin wadata da buƙata, yanayin sauyin farashi da canje-canjen kuɗin shiga a kasuwar masara ta cikin gida, musamman ma tana kwatanta bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin farashin noman masara da kudaden shiga tsakanin China da Amurka.
Binciken Yanayin Samar da Masara a China
1.1. Yankin ya samu ci gaba mai kyau tsawon shekaru uku a jere.
A bisa kididdigar Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa, a shekarar 2025, yankin da ake shuka masara a kasar Sin ya kai mu miliyan 6,744.12 (kimanin eka miliyan 674), wanda ya karu da mu miliyan 330.15 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2024, tare da karuwar kusan 0.49%. Ya koma matsayin kololuwar tarihi na shekarar 2015. Duk da haka, karuwar ta nuna cewa ana samun raguwar ci gaba a hankali, inda ta ragu daga kashi 4.99% a shekarar 2021 zuwa kashi 0.49% a shekarar 2025, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa sararin da za a kara fadada yankin da ake shuka masara a kasar Sin ya yi karanci.
1.2. Yawan fitarwa ya wuce tan miliyan 300
Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2025, noman masara a kasar Sin ya nuna yanayin "farko raguwa sannan karuwa". Idan aka kwatanta da farfadowar "siffar U" a yankin da aka shuka, saurin farfadowar samar da kayayyaki ya fi sauri kuma karuwar ta fi girma. Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2018, lokaci ne na raguwa kadan, inda yawan samarwa ya ragu daga tan miliyan 264,992.2 zuwa tan miliyan 257,173.9, raguwar da ta kai kusan tan miliyan 2.95%. Daga shekarar 2019 zuwa 2025, ta shiga wani lokaci na ci gaba da bunkasa. Banda wani dan gyara a shekarar 2020, ta samu ci gaba mai kyau tsawon shekaru biyar a jere, wanda ya karu daga tan miliyan 26,077.89 zuwa tan miliyan 30,123.5, karuwar da ta kai kusan kashi 15.51%. A shekarar 2025, noman masara a kasar Sin ya wuce tan miliyan 300 a karon farko, wanda hakan ya kafa wani sabon tarihi.
1.3. Tsarin Kasa na Masana'antar Masara
A shekarar 2024, noman masara na larduna 10 masu zuwa - Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Sichuan, da Yunnan - sun kasance a cikin manyan matsayi 1 zuwa 10 a duk fadin kasar. Yawan samar da masara na kowace lardi ya wuce tan miliyan 100 - jimillar tan miliyan 24089.16 (kimanin tan biliyan 2.41), wanda ya kai kashi 81.68% na yawan samar da masara na kasa. Daga cikinsu, Heilongjiang ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayi na farko dangane da yawan samar da masara, inda ya kai tan miliyan 4584.94, wanda ya kai kashi 15.55% na jimlar samar da masara a kasar.
2.1. Bukatar Masu Amfani da Yanayin Farashi
Daga mahangar tsarin amfani, a shekarar kuɗi ta 2024/2025, jimillar yawan masara da aka ci a China ya kai tan miliyan 297.86. Daga cikin wannan, yawan abincin da aka ci ya kai matsayin da ya fi rinjaye, wanda ya kai tan miliyan 193.50, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 64.96% na jimillar abincin da aka ci. A cikin yawan abincin da aka ci, kiwon alade ya kai kusan kashi 50%, kuma yawan abincin kaji ya kai kusan kashi 40%. Yawan amfani da masana'antu ya biyo baya sosai, inda yawan amfani ya kai kimanin tan miliyan 83.40, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 28%. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ci gaba da faɗaɗa ƙarfin sarrafawa, yawan amfani da masara a masana'antu ya ƙara zama mai karko. Yawan samarwa galibi yana yaɗuwa ne a yankunan da ake noman masara a Arewa maso Gabas da Arewacin China, tare da jimillar amfani da ya kai sama da kashi 80% na jimillar amfani. Yawan amfani da iri bai kai haka ba, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 0.43%. Gabaɗaya, yawan amfani da abinci da amfanin masana'antu ya kai sama da kashi 92%, wanda shine babban abin da ke haifar da amfani da masara a China.
Daga farkon shekarar 2023 zuwa farkon shekarar 2026, farashin masarar cikin gida ya nuna raguwar yanayin, inda ya fadi daga yuan 3.04 a kowace kilogiram a watan Janairun 2023 zuwa yuan 2.5 a kowace kilogiram a watan Maris na shekarar 2026, tare da raguwar jimillar kusan kashi 17.76%. A daidai wannan lokacin, farashin masarar na duniya ya kuma nuna raguwar yanayin, inda ya fadi daga yuan 2.82 a kowace kilogiram zuwa yuan 2.24 a kowace kilogiram, tare da raguwar jimillar kusan kashi 20.57%. Sauye-sauyen farashin na duniya sun fi yawa, kuma duka biyun sun nuna raguwar yanayin, amma matakin farashin cikin gida ya fi na duniya yawa a mafi yawan lokuta.
2.2. Binciken Tsarin Ciniki na Shigo da Fitarwa da Kaya
A cewar bayanai daga kwastam na kasar Sin, a shekarar 2025, yawan kayayyakin da suka shafi masara da aka shigo da su kasar Sin ya kai tan miliyan 266.35, wanda ya fi yawan kayayyakin da aka fitar da su tan miliyan 213 (tan miliyan 53.38); adadin kayayyakin da aka shigo da su ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 715, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 0.34% na jimlar kayayyakin da aka shigo da su daga kasar a shekarar 2025 (dala biliyan 207.41); adadin kayayyakin da aka fitar da su ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 404, wanda ya kai kimanin kashi 0.39% na jimlar kayayyakin da aka fitar da su daga kasar a shekarar 2025 (dala biliyan 104.16); gibin cinikayyar ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 3.11.
Daga mahangar kayayyaki na kasuwanci, a shekarar 2025, manyan kayayyakin masara da aka shigo da su daga China sune "masara, banda don shuka", "masara mai daskararre", "sitacin masara", "masara mai zaki ba a sarrafa ta ko adana ta hanyar vinegar ba", "fodar masara", "masara don shuka", da sauransu, jimilla nau'ikan 10. Kayayyakin da suka fi shigo da kayayyaki daga waje su ne "masara, banda don shuka" - tare da adadin shigo da kayayyaki daga waje na tan 2,646,290.81 (kimanin kilogiram miliyan 264.63) da darajar shigo da kayayyaki daga waje na dala 692,642,700 na Amurka (kimanin dala miliyan 693), wanda ya kai kashi 99.35% da 96.82% na jimlar yawan kayayyakin da suka shafi masara da aka shigo da su daga waje a China a duk tsawon shekarar 2025, bi da bi.
Manyan kayayyakin da ake fitarwa sune "sitacin masara", "masara mai zaki da aka sarrafa ko aka adana ta hanyoyin da ba na acetic ba", "masara mai daskararre", "sauran man masara da abubuwan da suka samo asali", "masara mai kiwo", da sauransu, jimilla nau'ikan 10. Daga cikinsu, samfurin da ya fi fitar da kayayyaki shine "sitacin masara" - yawan fitar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2025 shine tan 213,444.1 (kimanin tan miliyan 21.34), kuma darajar fitar da kayayyaki shine dala miliyan 81.9832 (kimanin dala miliyan 0.82), wanda ya kai kashi 39.99% da 20.29% na jimlar yawan fitar da kayayyaki da darajar fitar da kayayyaki da suka shafi masara a China a shekarar 2025 bi da bi. Kayayyakin da suka fi darajar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa waje su ne "masara mai zaki da aka sarrafa ko aka adana ta hanyoyin da ba na acetic ba" - yawan fitar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2025 ya kai tan 172,079.29 (kimanin tan miliyan 17.21), kuma darajar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa waje ta kai dala miliyan 181.123 (kimanin dala miliyan 1.81), wanda ya kai kashi 32.24% da 44.82% na jimillar yawan fitar da kayayyaki da darajar fitar da kayayyaki da suka shafi masara a kasar Sin a shekarar 2025 bi da bi.
3. Binciken Kuɗi da Fa'idodin Shuka
3.1. Jimlar Kuɗin Kowace Kadada
A cewar "Tattara Bayanan Kudin Kayayyakin Noma na Ƙasa da Kuɗin Shiga", a shekarar 2024, jimillar kuɗin masara a kowace mu a China ya kai yuan 1,316.7. Idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2023, wanda ya kai yuan 1,312.04, ya karu da yuan 4.66, wanda ke wakiltar ƙaruwar kusan 0.36%. Daga hangen nesa na dogon lokaci, jimillar kuɗin masara a kowace mu a China daga 2014 zuwa 2024 ya nuna canjin yanayi. A cikin shekaru 10, ya karu daga yuan 1,063.89 zuwa yuan 1,316.7, tare da ƙaruwar jimillar kashi 23.76%.
3.2. Jimlar Darajar Fitarwa ta Kowace Mu
A cewar bayanai daga "Tattara Bayanan Kuɗin Noma na Ƙasa da Harajin Kuɗi", daga 2014 zuwa 2024, ƙimar fitar da masara a kowace eka a China ta nuna wani yanayi mai canzawa na "farko raguwa, sannan ƙaruwa, sannan kuma raguwa sosai". Daga 2014 zuwa 2016, ƙimar fitar da masara a kowace eka ta ragu akai-akai daga yuan 1,145.71 zuwa yuan 765.89, tare da raguwar jimillar kashi 33.15%. Sannan ta shiga lokacin ci gaba na tsawon shekaru bakwai, kuma ta ci gaba da ƙaruwa daga 2017 zuwa 2023, inda ta kai kololuwar tarihi ta yuan 1,466.43 a 2023, tare da mafi girman ƙaruwa a shekara-shekara a 2020, a kashi 27.87%. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2024, darajar fitar da kayayyaki a kowace eka ta fadi zuwa yuan 1,093.94, tare da raguwar kashi 25.40% a kowace shekara, wanda ya koma matsayin 2015 zuwa 2019.
3.3. Ribar Kowace Kadada
Ribar da aka samu daga noman masara tana nufin ribar da aka samu daga ayyukan noman masara bayan an cire dukkan kuɗaɗen samarwa kamar iri, taki, aiki, da injina. Ita ce babbar ma'aunin auna fa'idodin tattalin arziki na noman masara. A cewar bayanai daga "Ƙirƙirar Farashi da Harajin Kuɗi na Ƙasa na Noma", bisa ga ribar kowace eka ta masara a China daga 2014 zuwa 2024, kuɗin shiga na shuka yana nuna halayen "riba da asara masu canzawa, tare da ƙaruwar sauye-sauye a cikin 'yan shekarun nan": a cikin 2014, akwai ɗan ribar yuan 81.82, daga 2015 zuwa 2019, akwai asara a jere na shekaru biyar (asarar da ta fi tsanani a 2016 ita ce yuan 299.7), daga 2020 zuwa 2023, akwai ribar shekaru huɗu a jere, kuma a 2022, ta kai kololuwar yuan 163.25, amma a 2024, ta ragu sosai zuwa yuan -222.76, ta koma cikin babban asarar da ta yi. Idan aka yi la'akari da bayanan ƙimar fitarwa, duk da cewa ƙimar fitarwa ta ragu da kashi 25.4% a shekarar 2024, ribar da aka samu ta ragu daga ribar yuan 154.39 zuwa asarar yuan 222.76, wanda ke nuna cewa matsin farashin ya ƙaru sosai ko kuma raguwar farashin ya wuce yadda ake tsammani.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-19-2026
