Yawancin rahotanni sun shafi manyan kwari Lepidoptera guda uku, wato,Chilo suppressalis,Scirpophaga incertulas, kumaCnaphalocrocis medinalis(duk Crambidae), wanda shine makasudinBtshinkafa, da kuma manyan kwarorin Hemiptera guda biyu, wato,Sogatella furciferakumaNilaparvata lugens(duka Delphacidae).
Bisa ga wallafe-wallafen, manyan masu cin zarafi na kwari na shinkafa na lepidopteran na cikin iyalai goma na Araneae, kuma akwai wasu nau'in namun daji daga Coleoptera, Hemiptera, da Neuroptera.Kwayoyin cututtukan lepidopteran shinkafa sun fito ne daga iyalai shida na Hymenoptera tare da ƴan jinsuna daga iyalai biyu na Diptera (watau Tachinidae da Sarcophagidae).Baya ga manyan nau'in kwaro na lepidopteran guda uku, LepidopteraNaranga aenescens(Noctuidae),Parnara guttata(Hesperidae),Mycalesis samu(Nymphalidae), daPseudaletia separata(Noctuidae) kuma ana yin rikodin su azaman kwari na shinkafa.Saboda ba sa haifar da asarar shinkafa mai yawa, duk da haka, da wuya a bincika su, kuma ba a sami bayanai kaɗan game da maƙiyansu na halitta ba.
Maƙiyan dabi'a na manyan kwarorin hemipteran guda biyu,S. furciferakumaN. lugens, an yi nazari sosai.Yawancin nau'ikan dabbobin daji da aka ruwaito sun kai hari ga herbivores na hemipteran nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in tsiro ne da ke kai hari ga herbivores na lepidopteran, saboda galibin su ne na gama gari.Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwari na hemipteran na Delphacidae sun fito ne daga dangin hymenopteran Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, da Dryinidae.Hakazalika, an san parasitoids na hymenopteran ga kwaro na shukaNezara viridula(Pentatomidae).The thripsStenchaetothrips biformis(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) kuma kwaro ne na shinkafa na yau da kullun a Kudancin China, kuma mafarautansa sun fito ne daga Coleoptera da Hemiptera, yayin da ba a rubuta parasitoid ba.nau'in Orthopteran kamarOxya chinensis(Acrididae) kuma ana samun su a cikin gonakin shinkafa, kuma mafarautansu galibi sun haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan Araneae, Coleoptera, da Mantodea.Ulema oryzae(Chrysomelidae), wani muhimmin kwaro na Coleoptera a kasar Sin, ana kai wa hari daga mafarauta da masu shayarwa da kwayoyin cuta.Babban abokan gaba na dabi'a na kwari na dipteran sune hymenopteran parasitoids.
Don tantance matakin da arthropods ke fallasa su da sunadaran Cry a cikiBtgonakin shinkafa, an yi wani gwajin filin da aka kwaikwayi a kusa da Xiaogan (Lardin Hubei, China) a cikin shekarun 2011 da 2012.
Yawan adadin Cry2A da aka gano a cikin kyallen shinkafa da aka tattara a cikin 2011 da 2012 sun kasance iri ɗaya.Ganyen shinkafa ya ƙunshi mafi girman adadin Cry2A (daga 54 zuwa 115 μg/g DW), sannan kuma pollen shinkafa (daga 33 zuwa 46 μg/g DW).Mai tushe ya ƙunshi mafi ƙanƙanta ƙima (daga 22 zuwa 32 μg/g DW).
An yi amfani da dabarun samfuri daban-daban (ciki har da samfurin tsotsa, takardar bugawa da bincike na gani) don tattara nau'ikan arthropod 29 da aka fi ci karo da tsire-tsire a cikinBtda sarrafa filayen shinkafa a lokacin da bayan anthesis a cikin 2011 da kuma kafin, lokacin da kuma bayan anthesis a cikin 2012. Mafi girman ma'auni na Cry2A a cikin arthropods da aka tattara a kowace ranakun samfur ana nuna su.
An tattara jimlar 13 da ba a kai ga ciyawa ba daga iyalai 11 na Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, da Thysanoptera.A cikin tsari Hemiptera manya naS. furciferada nymphs da manya naN. lugensya ƙunshi adadin adadin Cry2A (<0.06 μg/g DW) yayin da ba a gano furotin a wasu nau'ikan ba.Sabanin haka, an gano adadi mafi girma na Cry2A (daga 0.15 zuwa 50.7 μg/g DW) a cikin duka sai ɗaya samfurin Diptera, Thysanoptera, da Orthoptera.The thripsS. biformisya ƙunshi mafi girman adadin Cry2A na duk arthropods da aka tattara, waɗanda ke kusa da abubuwan da ke cikin kyallen shinkafa.A lokacin anthesis.S. biformisya ƙunshi Cry2A a 51 μg/g DW, wanda ya fi ƙarfin tattarawa a cikin samfuran da aka tattara kafin anthesis (35 μg/g DW).Hakazalika, matakin furotin a cikiAgromyzasp.(Diptera: Agromyzidae) ya kasance> sau 2 mafi girma a samfuran da aka tattara a lokacin anthesis na shinkafa fiye da kafin ko bayan anthesis.Sabanin haka, matakin a cikinEuconocephalus thunbergii(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) ya kusan sau 2.5 mafi girma a samfuran da aka tattara bayan anthesis fiye da lokacin anthesis.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-06-2021