Yawancin rahotanni sun shafi manyan kwari guda uku na Lepidoptera, watoChilo suppressalis,Ciwon Scirpophaga, kumaCnaphalocrocis medinalis(duk Crambidae), waɗanda su ne maƙasudinBtshinkafa, da kuma manyan kwari guda biyu na Hemiptera, wato,Sogatella furciferakumaNailaparvata lugens(duka Delphacidae).
A cewar wallafe-wallafen, manyan masu farautar kwari na shinkafar lepidopteran sun fito ne daga iyalai goma na Araneae, kuma akwai wasu nau'ikan masu farauta daga Coleoptera, Hemiptera, da Neuroptera. Kwayoyin cutar da kwari na shinkafar lepidoptera suka samo asali ne daga iyalai shida na Hymenoptera tare da wasu nau'ikan daga iyalai biyu na Diptera (watau, Tachinidae da Sarcophagidae). Baya ga manyan nau'ikan kwari guda uku na lepidopteran, Lepidoptera.Naranga aenescens(Noctuidae),Parnara guttata(Hesperiidae),Mycalesis gotama(Nymphalidae), da kumaPseudaletia rabuwa(Noctuidae) kuma an rubuta su a matsayin kwari na shinkafa. Duk da haka, saboda ba sa haifar da asarar shinkafa mai yawa, ba kasafai ake bincika su ba, kuma ba a samun bayanai da yawa game da maƙiyansu na halitta.
Maƙiyan halitta na manyan kwari biyu na hemipteran,S. furciferakumaN. Lugensan yi nazari sosai a kansu. Yawancin nau'ikan mafarauta da aka ruwaito suna kai hari ga masu cin ganyayyaki na hemipteran iri ɗaya ne da ke kai hari ga masu cin ganyayyaki na lepidopteran, saboda galibin su masu cin ganyayyaki ne. Kwayoyin kwari na hemipteran na Delphacidae galibi sun fito ne daga dangin hymenopteran Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, da Dryinidae. Hakazalika, an san ƙwayoyin cuta na hymenopteran da ƙwarƙwaran shuka.Nau'in ...(Pentatomidae). ThripsStenchaetothrips biformis(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) shi ma kwaro ne da aka saba gani a Kudancin China, kuma masu farautarsa galibi sun fito ne daga Coleoptera da Hemiptera, yayin da ba a sami wani nau'in kwari da aka rubuta ba.Oxy chinensisAna samun (Acrididae) a gonakin shinkafa, kuma mafi yawan masu farautarsu sun haɗa da nau'ikan Araneae, Coleoptera, da Mantodea.Oulema oryzae(Chrysomelidae), wani muhimmin kwaro na Coleoptera a China, yana fuskantar hare-hare daga masu farautar coleopteran da kuma masu farautar hymenopteran. Manyan maƙiyan halitta na kwari na dipteran sune masu kamuwa da cutar hymenopteran.
Don tantance matakin da ake fallasa arthropods ga sunadaran Cry a cikinBtgonakin shinkafa, an gudanar da wani gwajin gona da aka maimaita a kusa da Xiaogan (Lardin Hubei, China) a shekarun 2011 da 2012.
Yawan Cry2A da aka gano a cikin kyallen shinkafa da aka tattara a 2011 da 2012 iri ɗaya ne. Ganyen shinkafa ya ƙunshi mafi girman yawan Cry2A (daga 54 zuwa 115 μg/g DW), sai kuma pollen shinkafa (daga 33 zuwa 46 μg/g DW). Tushen ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin yawan (daga 22 zuwa 32 μg/g DW).
An yi amfani da dabarun ɗaukar samfura daban-daban (gami da ɗaukar samfurin tsotsa, takardar bugun jini da kuma binciken gani) don tattara nau'ikan arthropod guda 29 da aka fi samu a cikin tsirrai a cikinBtda kuma kula da filayen shinkafa a lokacin da kuma bayan anthesis a shekarar 2011 da kuma kafin, lokacin da kuma bayan anthesis a shekarar 2012. An nuna mafi girman yawan Cry2A a cikin arthropods da aka tattara a kowane ranakun da aka ɗauki samfurin.
An tattara kuma an yi nazari kan jimillar masu cin ganyayyaki 13 waɗanda ba a yi musu niyya ba daga iyalai 11 na Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, da Thysanoptera. A cikin jerin manyan Hemiptera naS. furciferada kuma nymphs da manya naN. Lugensya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin Cry2A (<0.06 μg/g DW) yayin da ba a gano furotin a cikin wasu nau'ikan ba. Sabanin haka, an gano adadi mai yawa na Cry2A (daga 0.15 zuwa 50.7 μg/g DW) a cikin duka sai dai samfurin Diptera, Thysanoptera, da Orthoptera.S. biformisya ƙunshi mafi girman yawan Cry2A na dukkan cututtukan arthropods da aka tattara, waɗanda suka kusa da yawan da ke cikin kyallen shinkafa. A lokacin anthesis,S. biformisya ƙunshi Cry2A a 51 μg/g DW, wanda ya fi yawan da aka samu a cikin samfuran da aka tattara kafin a yi musu allura (35 μg/g DW). Hakazalika, matakin furotin a cikinAikin gonasp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) ya fi sau 2 girma a cikin samfuran da aka tattara a lokacin anthesis na shinkafa fiye da kafin ko bayan anthesis. Akasin haka, matakin a cikinEuconocephalus thunbergii(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) ya fi kusan sau 2.5 a cikin samfuran da aka tattara bayan anthesis fiye da lokacin anthesis.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-06-2021