Tsaftataccen iska, ruwa da ƙasa mai lafiya suna da alaƙa da aikin yanayin halittu waɗanda ke hulɗa a manyan yankuna huɗu na duniya don ci gaba da rayuwa.Koyaya, ragowar magungunan kashe qwari suna cikin ko'ina a cikin halittu kuma galibi ana samun su a cikin ƙasa, ruwa (dukansu mai ƙarfi da ruwa) da iska mai ƙarfi a matakan da suka wuce ƙa'idodin Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA).Wadannan ragowar magungunan kashe qwari suna jurewa hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation da biodegradation, wanda ke haifar da samfuran canji daban-daban waɗanda suka zama gama gari kamar mahaɗan iyayensu.Misali, kashi 90 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amirka suna da aƙalla magungunan kashe qwari guda ɗaya a jikinsu (dukan mahaifa da kuma metabolite).Kasancewar magungunan kashe qwari a cikin jiki na iya yin tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam, musamman a lokutan rayuwa masu rauni kamar ƙuruciya, samartaka, ciki da kuma tsufa.Littattafan kimiyya sun nuna cewa magungunan kashe qwari sun dade suna da mummunar illa ga lafiyar jiki (misali, rushewar endocrine, ciwon daji, matsalolin haihuwa/haihuwa, rashin lafiya, asarar halittu, da sauransu) akan muhalli (ciki har da namun daji, bambancin halittu da lafiyar ɗan adam).Don haka, bayyanar da magungunan kashe qwari da PDs na iya samun mummunan tasirin kiwon lafiya, gami da tasiri akan tsarin endocrine.
Masanin EU akan masu rushewar endocrine (marigayi) Dokta Theo Colborne ya rarraba fiye da 50 kayan aikin kashe qwari a matsayin masu rushewar endocrin (ED), gami da sinadarai a cikin samfuran gida kamar su wanke-wanke, magungunan kashe qwari, robobi da magungunan kashe kwari.Bincike ya nuna cewa rushewar endocrine ya mamaye yawancin magungunan kashe qwari irin su herbicides atrazine da 2,4-D, fipronil na kwari da dabbobi, da dioxins da aka samu (TCDD).Wadannan sinadarai na iya shiga cikin jiki, su rushe hormones kuma su haifar da mummunan ci gaba, cututtuka, da matsalolin haihuwa.Tsarin endocrine yana kunshe da gland (thyroid, gonads, adrenal, da pituitary) da kuma hormones da suke samarwa (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, da adrenaline).Wadannan gland da makamantansu na hormones ne ke jagorantar ci gaba, girma, haifuwa, da halayen dabbobi, gami da mutane.Cututtukan endocrin cuta ne na yau da kullun kuma matsala ce mai girma wacce ke shafar mutane a duniya.Sakamakon haka, masu fafutuka suna jayayya cewa ya kamata manufar ta aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idoji game da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari tare da ƙarfafa bincike kan illolin da ke haifar da kamuwa da magungunan kashe qwari.
Wannan binciken yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa waɗanda suka gane cewa samfuran lalata kayan gwari suna da guba ko ma sun fi tasiri fiye da mahaɗan iyayensu.A duk duniya, ana amfani da pyriproxyfen (Pyr) don magance sauro kuma shine kawai maganin kashe kwari da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta amince da shi don magance sauro a cikin kwantena na ruwan sha.Duk da haka, kusan dukkanin TP Pyrs guda bakwai suna da aikin rage yawan isrogen a cikin jini, kodan, da hanta.Malathion sanannen maganin kwari ne wanda ke hana ayyukan acetylcholinesterase (AChE) a cikin nama mai juyayi.Hana AChE yana haifar da tarawa na acetylcholine, mai sinadarai neurotransmitter da ke da alhakin aikin kwakwalwa da tsoka.Wannan tarin sinadarai na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako kamar rashin kulawa da sauri na wasu tsokoki, gurguwar numfashi, girgizawa, kuma a cikin matsanancin yanayi, duk da haka, hanawar acetylcholinesterase ba takamaiman ba ne, wanda ke haifar da yaduwar malathion.Wannan babbar barazana ce ga namun daji da lafiyar jama'a.A taƙaice, binciken ya nuna cewa TPs guda biyu na malathion suna da tasirin rikice-rikice na endocrine akan maganganun kwayoyin halitta, ɓoyewar hormone, da glucocorticoid (carbohydrate, furotin, mai) metabolism.Rashin saurin lalacewa na fenoxaprop-ethyl pesticide ya haifar da samuwar TP guda biyu masu guba mai guba wanda ya karu da bayyanar kwayar halitta 5.8-12-ninka kuma yana da tasiri mai girma akan ayyukan estrogen.A ƙarshe, babban TF na benalaxil ya dawwama a cikin yanayi fiye da mahaifar mahaifa, shine mai karɓar isrogen mai karɓar alpha antagonist, kuma yana haɓaka maganganun kwayoyin halitta sau 3.Magungunan kashe qwari guda huɗu a cikin wannan binciken ba su ne kawai sinadarai masu damuwa ba;wasu da yawa kuma suna samar da samfuran lalata masu guba.Yawancin magungunan kashe qwari da yawa da aka haramta, tsofaffi da sababbin magungunan kashe qwari, da samfuran sinadarai suna fitar da jimillar phosphorus mai guba wanda ke ƙazantar da mutane da yanayin muhalli.
DDT da aka haramta amfani da magungunan kashe qwari da babban sinadarin sa na DDE sun kasance a cikin muhalli shekaru da yawa bayan an daina amfani da su, tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta gano yawan sinadarai da suka wuce matakan karbuwa.Yayin da DDT da DDE ke narkewa a cikin kitsen jiki kuma su zauna a can na tsawon shekaru, DDE ya dade a cikin jiki.Wani bincike da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ta gudanar ya gano cewa DDE ta kamu da jikin kashi 99 na mahalarta binciken.Kamar masu rushewar endocrine, fallasa ga DDT yana ƙara haɗarin da ke da alaƙa da ciwon sukari, farkon menopause, rage yawan maniyyi, endometriosis, anomalies na haihuwa, Autism, rashi bitamin D, lymphoma ba Hodgkin, da kiba.Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa DDE ya fi guba fiye da mahaifarsa.Wannan metabolite na iya samun tasirin kiwon lafiya da yawa, yana haifar da kiba da ciwon sukari, kuma musamman yana ƙaruwa da cutar kansar nono a cikin tsararraki da yawa.Wasu tsofaffin magungunan kashe qwari, ciki har da organophosphates irin su malathion, an yi su daga mahadi iri ɗaya da wakili na jijiya na yakin duniya na biyu (Agent Orange), wanda ke tasiri ga tsarin juyayi.Triclosan, maganin kashe qwari da aka haramta a cikin abinci da yawa, yana dawwama a cikin muhalli kuma yana samar da samfuran lalata ƙwayoyin cuta kamar chloroform da 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Sunadaran "na gaba", ciki har da glyphosate da neonicotinoids, suna aiki da sauri kuma suna rushewa da sauri, don haka ba su da yuwuwar haɓakawa.Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin waɗannan sinadarai sun fi guba fiye da tsofaffin sinadarai kuma suna buƙatar nauyin kilogiram da yawa.Don haka, rarrabuwar samfuran waɗannan sinadarai na iya haifar da irin wannan ko mafi girman tasirin toxicological.Nazarin ya nuna cewa glyphosate herbicide an canza shi zuwa mai guba AMPA metabolite wanda ke canza yanayin magana.Bugu da kari, novel ionic metabolites kamar denitroimidacloprid da decyanothiacloprid sun fi 300 da ~ 200 sau fiye da guba ga dabbobi masu shayarwa fiye da iyaye imidacloprid, bi da bi.
Magungunan kashe qwari da TFs ɗinsu na iya ƙara matakan matsananciyar guba da ke haifar da tasiri na dogon lokaci akan wadatar nau'ikan halittu da bambancin halittu.Daban-daban magungunan kashe qwari na baya da na yanzu suna aiki kamar sauran gurɓataccen muhalli, kuma ana iya fallasa mutane ga waɗannan abubuwan a lokaci guda.Sau da yawa waɗannan gurɓatattun sinadarai suna yin aiki tare ko aiki tare don haifar da ƙarin tasiri mai tsanani.Haɗin kai matsala ce ta gama gari a cikin gaurayawan magungunan kashe qwari kuma tana iya yin la'akari da illar guba akan ɗan adam, lafiyar dabbobi da muhalli.Saboda haka, kimanin haɗarin muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam na yanzu suna yin la'akari sosai da illolin ragowar magungunan kashe qwari, metabolites da sauran gurɓataccen muhalli.
Fahimtar tasirin da endocrin ke rushe magungunan kashe qwari da samfuran rushewar su na iya haifar da lafiyar al'ummomin yanzu da na gaba yana da mahimmanci.Ba a fahimce ilimin etiology na cututtukan da magungunan kashe qwari ke haifarwa ba, gami da jinkirin lokacin tsinkaya tsakanin bayyanar sinadarai, illolin lafiya, da bayanan annoba.
Hanya ɗaya don rage tasirin magungunan kashe qwari a kan mutane da muhalli ita ce saye, girma da kuma kula da amfanin gonaki.Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa lokacin da aka canza zuwa tsarin abinci mai gina jiki gaba daya, matakin magungunan kashe qwari a cikin fitsari yana raguwa sosai.Noman kwayoyin halitta yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na lafiya da muhalli ta hanyar rage buƙatar ayyukan noma mai ƙarfi.Za a iya rage illar illar magungunan kashe qwari ta hanyar ɗora ayyukan sake haifuwa da kuma amfani da mafi ƙarancin hanyoyin magance kwari masu guba.Ganin yadda ake amfani da wasu dabarun da ba na kashe kwari ba, gidaje da ma'aikatan masana'antu na iya amfani da waɗannan ayyukan don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai aminci da lafiya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-06-2023