1. Brassinosteroids suna da yawa a cikin masarautar shuka
A lokacin juyin halitta, tsire-tsire a hankali suna samar da hanyoyin sadarwa na tsarin hormone na endogenous don amsa matsalolin muhalli daban-daban.Daga cikin su, brassinoids wani nau'in nau'in phytosterols ne wanda ke da aikin inganta haɓakar cell.Ana samun su da yawa a cikin duka masarautar shuka daga ƙasa zuwa manyan tsire-tsire, kuma an gano yawancin analogs na brassinoids.
2. Brassinoids na halitta sune mafi kyawun "maɓalli" don buɗe hanyar brassinoids na endogenous.
Brassinoids na dabi'a galibi suna kasancewa a cikin furanni da tsaba, suna daidaita haɓaka haifuwa, balaga iri, haɓaka haɓakar kara da tushen ilimin halittar jiki, kuma suna taka rawa mai kyau a cikin juriya na shuka ga damuwa [3, 5].Brassinoids na farko wanda aka gano tsarinsa shine brassinolide BL (Hoto 1-1).Koyaya, abun cikin sa na halitta yayi ƙasa sosai kuma ba za a iya gane hakar masana'antu ba.Wannan ya haifar da jerin hanyoyin maye gurbin roba.Tsire-tsire suna fahimtar fahimtar hormone da amsa ta hanyar ka'idar "kulle da maɓalli", kuma brassinoids na halitta sune mafi kyawun "maɓalli" don buɗe ƙofar don amsawar brassinoids.Suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi tare da masu karɓa kuma sun fi tasiri fiye da nau'ikan brassinolides na roba.Exogenous aikace-aikace na halitta brassinoids za a iya da sauri hankali da kuma tunawa da shuke-shuke, yadda ya kamata supplementing rashin isasshen kira na endogenous brassinoids lalacewa ta hanyar daban-daban dalilai, kyale sel su amsa da sauri, tare da babban aiki, babu ƙin yarda, da babban aminci.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Hoto 2), a matsayin sabon brassinosteroid analog a cikin rapeseed pollen, za a iya cire da kuma tace a batches ta amfani da muhalli abokantaka kaushi.Shi ne na farko na halitta brassinosteroid don gane da masana'antu na kore hakar..14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid an rarraba shi azaman ɗan ɗanɗano mai guba ko mai ƙarancin guba a cikin rarrabuwar magungunan kashe qwari na kasar Sin.Ƙimar muhalli mai guba yana da ƙananan mai guba kuma mai sauƙi mai lalacewa, kuma ƙididdigar haɗarin lafiyar muhalli yana da ƙasa (RQ <1).Yana da illa ga mutane da mutane.Muhalli da muhalli, shine kawai samfurin ƙarin kayan shuka a cikin ƙasar wanda ya sami takardar shedar "koren samar da kayan abinci" na ƙasa da takaddun shigar da kwayoyin halitta na Amurka.
3. Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen yana tabbatar da cewa brassinoids na halitta na iya inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙara yawan kudin shiga
(1) Haɓaka bambance-bambancen furen fure da adana furanni da 'ya'yan itace
Yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace suna da alaƙa da haɓakar gabobin furanni.Fesa brassinoids na dabi'a a lokacin matakin bambance-bambancen furen fure da matakin samari na 'ya'yan itace, ko ƙara wani adadi na brassinoids na halitta yayin pollination na wucin gadi na iya haɓaka girma da ingancin furannin bishiyar 'ya'yan itace da rage gurɓatattun furanni.Yana iya inganta aikin pollination, ƙara yawan saitin 'ya'yan itace, da rage furen fure da ɗigon 'ya'yan itace, kuma an yi amfani dashi sosai wajen dasawa da samar da mafi yawan itatuwan 'ya'yan itace kamar kiwi, citrus, apple, da jujube.
Kiwifruit shine itacen inabi na dioecious.A cikin aikin samarwa, dole ne a yi amfani da pollination na wucin gadi don ƙara yawan pollination da yawan saitin 'ya'yan itace.Lokacin da fiye da 2/3 na dukan bishiyar ya yi fure, yi amfani da foda na halitta brassinoids gauraye da pollen a wani rabo na 1/50 don wucin gadi batu pollination ko na halitta brassinoids mai ruwa bayani diluted 2500 sau domin fesa pollination, wanda zai iya muhimmanci ƙara 'ya'yan itace saitin. Yawan kiwifruit da haɓaka Abubuwan da ke cikin bitamin C da abubuwan ganowa a cikin 'ya'yan itacen suna inganta haɓakar adanawa da kayan sufuri da ƙimar sinadirai na 'ya'yan itacen kiwi.(Hoto na 3-4)[6].A lokacin matasa 'ya'yan itace mataki na kiwifruit, da fili wakili na halitta brassinoids, gibberellin, da auxin za a iya sake fesa, wanda zai iya muhimmanci inganta saurin fadada da girma na matasa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, haifar da siririyar 'ya'yan itace siffar da wani 20% -30% karuwa. a cikin nauyin 'ya'yan itace guda ɗaya.
Digon 'ya'yan itacen dabino na dabi'a na citrus yana da mahimmanci, kuma yawan saitin 'ya'yan itace yawanci shine 2% -3%.Don haɓaka ingancin furanni da haɓaka ƙimar saitin 'ya'yan itace, ana amfani da digon 'ya'yan itace na halitta kafin fure, 2/3 na furanni sun shuɗe, kuma kwanaki 5 zuwa 7 kafin faɗuwar 'ya'yan itacen na biyu.Fesa brassinoids + gibberellic acid na iya ƙara yawan saitin 'ya'yan itacen Citrus da kashi 20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange).Matasa 'ya'yan itatuwa da 'ya'yan itace mai tushe sun juya kore kwana uku a gaba, kuma adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa maras kyau yana da ƙasa.
(2) Canja launi, ƙara sukari, da haɓaka ingancin 'ya'yan itace
Dandanar yara na 'ya'yan itace yana wakiltar babban adadin sukari-acid a cikin babban mataki da wadatar bitamin da abubuwan ganowa.A farkon matakan canza launin 'ya'yan itace, ci gaba da yin amfani da takin gargajiya na brassinoids + potassium foliar taki da aka fesa sau 2-3 a ko'ina cikin bishiyar na iya haɓaka haɓakar abinci mai gina jiki da canzawa, haɓaka photosynthesis, haɓaka haɓakar sukari, da haɓaka acid Organic kamar citric acid. da malic acid.Ƙaƙƙarwar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yana canzawa zuwa bitamin, flavonoids da sauran abubuwan gina jiki, yana ƙara yawan sukari-acid da tara abubuwan dandano.Hakanan yana da tasirin inganta kwasfa mai laushi da kuma gyara siffar 'ya'yan itace.
(3) Jiƙa da tufatar da tsaba na amfanin gona don haɓaka juriya da haɓaka haɓakar samarwa da samun kudin shiga.
Inganci da yawan amfanin gonakin abinci suna da alaƙa da yanayin muhalli.Brassinoids na dabi'a suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci wajen tsayayya da damuwa kamar zafi mai zafi, fari, lalacewar daskarewa, da salinity a duk tsawon lokacin girma na kayan abinci.Da farko, suturar iri, sutura da sauran jiyya kafin shuka na iya inganta daidaituwar fitowar amfanin gona da ƙarfafa seedlings (Figure 9).Na biyu, fesa brassinoids na halitta sau 1-2 a cikin mahimman lokuttan haɓaka amfanin gona kamar ɓarna, fure, da cika hatsi na iya tsayayya da matsalolin matsaloli daban-daban da haɓaka yawan amfanin gona.An haɓaka brassinoids na dabi'a a duk faɗin ƙasar don daidaita haɓakar alkama da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi wuraren gwaji 11 a manyan wuraren samar da alkama kamar Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, da Jiangsu, tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona na 13.28%, wanda daga cikinsu Yawan amfanin Shanxi ya karu da kashi 22.36%.
(4) Inganta sha na gina jiki da inganta samar da kayan lambu
Yi amfani da 0.0075% na brassinosteroid ruwa mai ruwa mai ruwa wanda aka diluted sau 2500 kuma ana fesa a saman ganyen kayan lambu sau 1-2 don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar amfanin gona da amfani da abubuwan gina jiki, haɓaka photosynthesis, da haɓaka samar da kayan lambu.Sakamakon gwajin cikin gida ya nuna cewa kwanaki 6 bayan fesa ganye, yankin ganyen pakchoi a cikin rukunin jiyya na brassinosteroid na halitta ya karu da kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da tsabtataccen sarrafa ruwa.
(5) Mai tasiri wajen hana sanyi da daskarewa
"Marigayi sanyi sanyi" shine damuwa mara kyau na bazara, wanda ke shafar amfanin gona kai tsaye.Fesa 8-15ml na halitta brassinoids + sabon potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar abinci mai gina jiki 2-4 kwanaki kafin, 3 days bayan, da 10-15 kwanaki bayan sanyi lalacewa ko daskarewa lalacewa don inganta juriya na amfanin gona zuwa sanyi lalacewa ko daskarewa lalacewa. .Daskararre amfanin gona da sauri dawo girma.Marigayin sanyin bazara zai lalata fiye da 60% na ceri calyces.Brassinoids na halitta + babban maganin takin mai magani na foliar na iya rage yawan lalacewa da kashi 40% da kuma tabbatar da pollination na yau da kullun.
A karkashin yanayin daskarewa, tsarin photosynthesis na amfanin gona ya lalace kuma ba za a iya kammala photosynthesis akai-akai ba, yana da matukar tasiri ga ci gaban amfanin gona.2-3 kwanaki kafin tumatir tumatir fama da daskarewa danniya, fesa dukan shuka tare da 2000-ninka dilution na halitta brassinosterol + amino acid foliar abinci mai gina jiki don kunna peroxidase (POD) da catalase (CAT).Cire wuce haddi oxygen free radicals a cikin tumatir don kare photosynthetic tsarin na tumatir tumatir karkashin daskarewa danniya da kuma inganta sauri murmurewa bayan danniya.
(6) Haɗewar ciyawa, ingantaccen inganci da aminci
Na halitta brassinoids iya sauri shirya basal na rayuwa matakin shuke-shuke.A gefe guda, idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da maganin ciyawa, yana iya haɓaka sha da jigilar magunguna ta hanyar ciyawa da haɓaka tasirin ciyawa;a gefe guda, lokacin da magungunan kashe qwari daban-daban suka bayyana suna da cutarwa, ya kamata a sake yin amfani da brassicas na halitta a cikin lokaci mai dacewa Hormone zai iya kunna tsarin detoxification na amfanin gona, haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki, da haɓaka farfadowar amfanin gona.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-19-2024