Manufar wannan binciken ita ce a tantance tasirin da ya rage na fesa pirimiphos-methyl a cikin gida, hadewardeltamethrinda clothianidin, da clothianidin a Alibori da Tonga, yankunan da cutar maleriya ta fi kamari a arewacin Benin.
A cikin tsawon shekaru uku na binciken, an lura da juriya ga deltamethrin a dukkan al'ummomi. An lura da juriya ko yuwuwar bayyanar juriya ga benzodiazepine. An lura da cikakken juriya ga pirimiphos-methyl a cikin 2019 da 2020, yayin da aka gano yiwuwar juriya ga wannan maganin a Djugu, Gogonu, da Kandy a cikin 2021. An lura da cikakken juriya ga clothianidin kwanaki 4-6 bayan fallasa. Ayyukan pirimiphos-methyl sun ci gaba na tsawon watanni 4-5, yayin da sauran ayyukan clothianidin da cakuda deltamethrin da clothianidin suka ci gaba na tsawon watanni 8-10. Ingancin samfuran daban-daban da aka gwada ya ɗan fi girma akan bangon siminti fiye da bangon yumbu.
Gabaɗaya, Anopheles gambiae SL sun kasance masu sauƙin kamuwa da clothianidin amma sun nuna juriya/yiwuwar juriya ga wasu magungunan kwari da aka gwada. Bugu da ƙari, ragowar ayyukan magungunan kwari da aka yi amfani da su a clothianidin ya fi na pirimiphos-methyl kyau, yana nuna ikonsu na sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta masu jure wa pyrethroid yadda ya kamata da kuma dorewa.
Don gwajin kamuwa da cutar bututun jini da kuma mazugi na WHO, an yi amfani da mutanen yankin Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (sl) da kuma wani nau'in Anophoeles gambiae (Kisumu) daga al'ummomin IRS daban-daban, bi da bi.
Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na Pyrifos-methyl wani maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ne da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta amince da shi don amfani da tsarin feshi na cikin gida. Pyrifos-methyl 300 CS maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ne na organophosphorus wanda aka ba da shawarar shan gram 1.0 na sinadarin aiki (AI)/m² don magance cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro. Pyrifos-methyl yana aiki akan acetylcholinesterase, yana haifar da tarin acetylcholine a cikin ƙwanƙolin synaptic lokacin da masu karɓar acetylcholine suka buɗe, ta haka yana toshe watsawar motsin jijiyoyi kuma yana haifar da gurgunta da mutuwar kwari.
Amfani da magungunan kwari tare da sabbin hanyoyin aiki, kamar clothianidin, na iya sauƙaƙe ingantaccen kuma mai ɗorewa na maganin zazzabin cizon sauro masu jure wa pyrethroid. Waɗannan magungunan kwari kuma na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa juriyar maganin kwari, ta hanyar guje wa dogaro da magungunan kwari guda huɗu na gargajiya waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin lafiyar jama'a. Bugu da ƙari, haɗa waɗannan magungunan kwari da magungunan kwari tare da wasu hanyoyin aiki na iya rage ci gaban juriya.
An tantance tasirin kamuwa da cutar Anopheles gambiae complex ga clothianidin ne kawai a shekarar 2021, kafin a buga jagororin WHO, ta amfani da wata yarjejeniya da Sumitomo Chemical (SCC) ta inganta. An buga jagororin WHO kan hanyoyin gwajin kamuwa da cutar ga kowace maganin kwari da aka riga aka tabbatar, wanda hakan ya ba wa cibiyar hadin gwiwa ta WHO University Sains Malaysia da ke Malaysia damar shirya takardu da aka sanya wa maganin kwari a allurai daban-daban da kuma samar da su ga cibiyoyin bincike.[31] Sai a shekarar 2021 ne WHO ta buga jagororin kan gwajin kamuwa da cutar clothianidin.
An yanke takardar Whatman guda-guda biyu faɗin santimita 12 da tsawon santimita 15, aka saka mata 13.2 MG na sinadarin clothianidin mai aiki sannan aka yi amfani da shi don gwaji cikin awanni 24 bayan an yi mata ciki.
An tantance matsayin kamuwa da sauro da aka yi nazari a kai bisa ga ka'idojin WHO:
An yi nazari kan sigogi guda huɗu: matakin kamuwa da cutar Anopheles gambiae na yankin ga maganin kwari, tasirin kashe kwari ko mace-mace nan take cikin mintuna 30, jinkirin mace-mace da kuma tasirin da ya rage.
Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su da/ko aka yi nazari a kansu a lokacin wannan binciken suna samuwa daga marubucin da ya dace bisa ga buƙata mai ma'ana.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-22-2025