Kasuwar kayan aikin noma ta Brazil ta ci gaba da samun ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Dangane da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da kare muhalli, shaharar ra'ayoyin noma masu dorewa, da kuma goyon bayan manufofin gwamnati mai karfi, Brazil a hankali tana zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwa da kirkire-kirkire ga kayan aikin noma na duniya, wanda hakan ke jawo hankalin kamfanonin halittu na duniya don kafa ayyuka a kasar.
Yanayin da kasuwar maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ke ciki a Brazil a yanzu
A shekarar 2023, yankin da aka shuka amfanin gona na Brazil ya kai hekta miliyan 81.82, wanda mafi girman amfanin gona shine waken soya, wanda ya kai kashi 52% na jimlar yankin da aka shuka, sai kuma masarar hunturu, rake da masarar bazara. A cikin ƙasar noma mai faɗi, ƙasar Brazilmaganin kashe kwariKasuwar ta kai kimanin dala biliyan 20 (yawan amfani da gonaki a ƙarshen shekara) a shekarar 2023, inda magungunan kashe kwari na waken soya suka zama mafi girman kaso na darajar kasuwa (58%) kuma kasuwa mafi saurin girma a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata.
Kason magungunan kashe kwari masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a kasuwar magungunan kashe kwari ta Brazil har yanzu yana da ƙasa sosai, amma yana ƙaruwa da sauri, yana ƙaruwa daga kashi 1% a shekarar 2018 zuwa kashi 4% a shekarar 2023 cikin shekaru biyar kacal, tare da adadin ƙaruwar da aka samu a kowace shekara da kashi 38%, wanda ya zarce kashi 12% na yawan magungunan kashe kwari masu guba.
A shekarar 2023, kasuwar kashe kwari ta ƙasar ta kai darajar dala miliyan 800 a ƙarshen manoma. Daga cikinsu, dangane da nau'in, ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai sune mafi girman nau'in samfura (wanda galibi ake amfani da shi a waken soya da rake); Nau'i na biyu mafi girma shinemagungunan kashe kwari na halitta, sai kuma magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da biocides; Mafi girman CAGR a darajar kasuwa a tsawon lokacin 2018-2023 shine na ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai, har zuwa 52%. Dangane da amfanin gona da aka yi amfani da su, rabon magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na waken soya a cikin ƙimar kasuwa gaba ɗaya shine mafi girma, wanda ya kai kashi 55% a cikin 2023; A lokaci guda kuma, waken soya suma sune amfanin gona mafi girma na amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na biopesticides, tare da kashi 88% na yankin da aka shuka ta amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran a cikin 2023. Masara ta hunturu da rake sune amfanin gona na biyu da na uku mafi girma a darajar kasuwa bi da bi. Darajar kasuwa ta waɗannan amfanin gona ta ƙaru a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata.
Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin manyan nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari na waɗannan muhimman amfanin gona. Mafi girman darajar kasuwa na magungunan kashe kwari na waken soya shine ƙwayoyin cuta na halitta, wanda ya kai kashi 43% a shekarar 2023. Mafi mahimmancin nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a masarar hunturu da masarar bazara sune magungunan kashe kwari na halitta, waɗanda suka kai kashi 66% da 75% na darajar kasuwa na magungunan kashe kwari na halitta a cikin nau'ikan amfanin gona guda biyu, bi da bi (galibi don magance kwari masu kama da ƙwari). Mafi girman nau'in samfuran rake shine ƙwayoyin cuta na halitta, waɗanda suka kai fiye da rabin kaso na kasuwar magungunan kashe kwari na rake.
Dangane da yankin amfani, jadawalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna sinadaran aiki guda tara da aka fi amfani da su, adadin yankin da aka yi wa magani a kan amfanin gona daban-daban, da kuma yawan yankin da ake amfani da shi a cikin shekara guda. Daga cikinsu, Trichoderma ita ce mafi girman bangaren aiki, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin hekta miliyan 8.87 na amfanin gona a shekara, galibi don noman waken soya. Bayan haka sai Beauveria bassiana (hekta miliyan 6.845), wanda aka fi amfani da shi ga masarar hunturu. Takwas daga cikin waɗannan manyan sinadaran aiki guda tara suna da juriya ga halittu, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta su ne kawai kwari na halitta (duk ana amfani da su wajen noman rake). Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa waɗannan sinadaran aiki ke sayarwa da kyau:
Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana da Bacillus amylus: sama da kamfanonin samar da kayayyaki 50, suna samar da kyakkyawan kariya ga kasuwa da wadata;
Rhodospore: ƙaruwa mai yawa, galibi saboda ƙaruwar yawan ganyen masara, yankin da ake sarrafa kayan amfanin gona na hekta miliyan 11 a shekarar 2021, da kuma hekta miliyan 30 a shekarar 2024 akan masarar hunturu;
Ƙwaro mai cutarwa: suna da matsayi na dindindin a kan rake, galibi ana amfani da su wajen sarrafa busar da rake;
Metarhizium anisopliae: Girma cikin sauri, galibi saboda karuwar yawan ƙwayoyin nematodes da soke rajistar carbofuran (babban sinadari don sarrafa ƙwayoyin nematodes).
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-15-2024