Kasuwar shigar da kayan aikin gona ta Brazil ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Dangane da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da kare muhalli, shaharar ra'ayoyin noma mai dorewa, da kuma goyon bayan manufofin gwamnati mai karfi, Brazil sannu a hankali ta zama muhimmiyar kasuwa da cibiyar kirkire-kirkire don abubuwan da ake amfani da su na noma na duniya, suna jawo hankalin kamfanonin halittu na duniya don kafa ayyuka kasar.
Halin halin yanzu na kasuwar biopesticide a Brazil
A shekarar 2023, yankin da ake shuka amfanin gona na Brazil ya kai kadada miliyan 81.82, wanda mafi yawan amfanin gona shi ne waken soya, wanda ya kai kashi 52% na daukacin yankin da aka shuka, sai masarar hunturu, da rake da masarar rani.A kan faffadan ƙasar noma, na Brazilmaganin kashe kwarikasuwa ta kai kusan dala biliyan 20 (amfani na ƙarshen gona) a cikin 2023, tare da magungunan kashe qwari na waken soya ya kai kaso mafi girma na darajar kasuwa (58%) da kasuwa mafi girma cikin sauri a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata.
Rabon biopesticides a cikin gabaɗayan kasuwar magungunan kashe qwari a Brazil har yanzu yana da ƙasa sosai, amma yana girma cikin sauri, yana ƙaruwa daga 1% a cikin 2018 zuwa 4% a cikin 2023 a cikin shekaru biyar kawai, tare da haɓakar haɓakar shekara-shekara na 38%, mai nisa. ya wuce kashi 12% na haɓakar magungunan kashe qwari.
A shekarar 2023, kasuwar maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ta kasar ta kai darajar kasuwar dala miliyan 800 a karshen manomi.Daga cikin su, dangane da nau'in, nematocides na halitta sune mafi girman nau'in samfurin (wanda aka fi amfani dashi a cikin waken soya da sukari);Kashi na biyu mafi girma shinekwayoyin kwari kwari, biye da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta da biocides;Mafi girman CAGR a cikin ƙimar kasuwa a tsawon lokacin 2018-2023 shine don nematocides na halitta, har zuwa 52%.Dangane da amfanin gonaki da aka yi amfani da shi, rabon waken soya biopesticides a duk darajar kasuwa shine mafi girma, wanda ya kai 55% a cikin 2023;A lokaci guda kuma, waken soya shine amfanin gona mafi girma na amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta, tare da kashi 88% na yankin da aka shuka ta amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran a cikin 2023. Masara na hunturu da rake sune na biyu da na uku mafi girma a cikin amfanin kasuwa bi da bi.Darajar kasuwar waɗannan amfanin gona ta ƙaru a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata.
Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin manyan nau'ikan magungunan biopesticide don waɗannan mahimman amfanin gona.Mafi girman darajar kasuwa na waken soya biopesticides shine nazarin halittu nematocides, lissafin 43% a cikin 2023. Mafi mahimmancin nau'ikan da ake amfani da su a cikin masarar hunturu da masara rani sune magungunan kashe qwari, wanda ke lissafin 66% da 75% na darajar kasuwa na magungunan kashe qwari a cikin biyun. iri amfanin gona, bi da bi (yafi don kula da stinging kwari).Mafi girman nau'in samfurin sukari shine nematocides na halitta, wanda ke da fiye da rabin kason kasuwa na magungunan kashe qwari.
Dangane da fannin amfani, ginshiƙi mai zuwa yana nuna nau'ikan sinadirai guda tara da aka fi amfani da su a ko'ina, da adadin yankin da aka yi amfani da su akan amfanin gona daban-daban, da kuma yawan yanki na amfani a cikin shekara guda.Daga cikin su, Trichoderma ita ce mafi girman bangaren aiki, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin kadada miliyan 8.87 na amfanin gona a shekara, galibi don noman waken soya.Wannan ya biyo bayan Beauveria bassiana (kadada miliyan 6.845), wanda akasari ana amfani da shi ga masarar hunturu.Takwas daga cikin manyan sinadarai tara masu aiki suna jure yanayin halitta, kuma parasitoids sune kawai kwari na abokan gaba na halitta (duk ana amfani da su wajen noman rake).Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa waɗannan sinadarai masu aiki ke siyarwa da kyau:
Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana da Bacillus amylus: fiye da 50 samar da masana'antu, samar da kyakkyawan yanayin kasuwa da wadata;
Rhodospore: karuwa mai mahimmanci, musamman saboda karuwar ƙwayar masara, yanki na magani na hectare miliyan 11 a cikin 2021, da kuma hectare miliyan 30 a cikin 2024 akan masarar hunturu;
Parasitic wasps: suna da tsayin daka na dogon lokaci akan rake, galibi ana amfani da su wajen sarrafa rake;
Metarhizium anisopliae: Girma mai sauri, galibi saboda karuwar nematodes da soke rijistar carbofuran (babban sinadari don sarrafa nematodes).
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-15-2024