Triacontanol yana daidaita juriyar kokwamba ga damuwa da gishiri ta hanyar canza yanayin ilimin halittar jiki da kuma yanayin sinadarai na ƙwayoyin shuka.

Kusan kashi 7.0% na jimillar ƙasar duniya tana fama da gishiri1, wanda ke nufin cewa sama da hekta miliyan 900 na ƙasa a duniya suna fama da gishiri da gishirin sodic2, wanda ya kai kashi 20% na ƙasar noma da kuma kashi 10% na ƙasar ban ruwa. Ya mamaye rabin yankin kuma yana da yawan gishiri3. Ƙasa mai gishiri babbar matsala ce da ke fuskantar noma a Pakistan4,5. Daga cikin wannan, kimanin hekta miliyan 6.3 ko kuma kashi 14% na ƙasar ban ruwa a halin yanzu yana fama da gishiri6.
Damuwar Abiotic na iya canzawahormone na girma na shukamartani, wanda ke haifar da raguwar girman amfanin gona da kuma yawan amfanin gona na ƙarshe7. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka fuskanci matsin lamba na gishiri, daidaito tsakanin samar da nau'in iskar oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) da kuma tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin enzymes masu hana tsufa yana da matsala, wanda ke haifar da shuke-shuke da ke fama da matsin lamba na oxidative8. Tsire-tsire masu yawan enzymes masu hana tsufa (duka masu tsari da kuma waɗanda ba sa haifar da tsufa) suna da juriya mai kyau ga lalacewar oxidative, kamar superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), peroxidase-catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), da glutathione reductase (GR) na iya haɓaka jurewar gishiri ga shuke-shuke a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na gishiri9. Bugu da ƙari, an ruwaito cewa phytohormones suna taka rawa wajen haɓaka shuke-shuke, mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da aka tsara, da kuma rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin muhalli mai canzawa10. Triacontanol babban barasa ne mai cike da sinadarai wanda ke cikin kakin zuma na epidermal na shuka kuma yana da kaddarorin haɓaka girma na shuka11,12 da kuma kaddarorin haɓaka girma a ƙananan yawan amfani13. Amfani da foliar zai iya inganta yanayin launin photosynthetic, tarin solute, girma, da samar da biomass a cikin shuke-shuke14,15. Amfani da triacontanol na foliar na iya haɓaka juriya ga damuwa na shuke-shuke16 ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan enzymes masu hana antioxidant da yawa17, ƙara yawan osmoprotectant na kyallen ganyen shuka11,18,19 da inganta amsawar sha na ma'adanai masu mahimmanci K+ da Ca2+, amma ba Na+ ba. 14 Bugu da ƙari, triacontanol yana samar da ƙarin sukari masu ragewa, sunadaran narkewa, da amino acid a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa20,21,22.
Kayan lambu suna da wadataccen sinadarai da sinadarai masu gina jiki kuma suna da mahimmanci ga yawancin hanyoyin rayuwa a jikin ɗan adam23. Samar da kayan lambu yana fuskantar barazana ta hanyar ƙaruwar gishirin ƙasa, musamman a gonakin noma da ake nomawa, waɗanda ke samar da kashi 40.0% na abincin duniya24. Amfanin kayan lambu kamar albasa, kokwamba, eggplant, barkono da tumatir suna da saurin kamuwa da gishiri25, kuma kokwamba muhimmin kayan lambu ne ga abinci mai gina jiki na ɗan adam a duk duniya26. Damuwar gishiri yana da tasiri sosai kan yawan girma na kokwamba, duk da haka, matakan gishiri sama da 25 mM suna haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin gona har zuwa 13%27,28. Mummunan tasirin gishiri akan kokwamba yana haifar da raguwar girman shuka da yawan amfanin gona5,29,30. Saboda haka, manufar wannan binciken ita ce a tantance rawar da triacontanol ke takawa wajen rage damuwar gishiri a cikin nau'ikan kokwamba da kuma tantance ikon triacontanol don haɓaka girma da yawan amfanin gona. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka dabarun da suka dace da ƙasa mai gishiri. Bugu da ƙari, mun ƙayyade canje-canje a cikin homeostasis na ion a cikin nau'ikan kokwamba a ƙarƙashin damuwa na NaCl.
Tasirin triacontanol akan masu kula da osmotic marasa tsari a cikin ganyayyakin kokwamba guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na yau da kullun da gishiri.
Lokacin da aka shuka nau'ikan kokwamba a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa na gishiri, jimlar adadin 'ya'yan itace da matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itace sun ragu sosai (Hoto na 4). Waɗannan raguwar sun fi bayyana a cikin nau'ikan genotypes na Summer Green da 20252, yayin da Marketmore da Green Long suka riƙe mafi girman adadin 'ya'yan itace da nauyi bayan ƙalubalen gishiri. Amfani da ganyen triacontanol ya rage mummunan tasirin damuwa na gishiri da ƙaruwar adadin 'ya'yan itace da nauyi a cikin duk nau'ikan genotypes da aka kimanta. Duk da haka, Marketmore da aka yi wa triacontanol magani ya samar da mafi girman adadin 'ya'yan itace tare da matsakaicin nauyi mafi girma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai wahala da sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire marasa magani. Summer Green da 20252 suna da mafi girman adadin daskararru mai narkewa a cikin 'ya'yan itacen kokwamba kuma sun yi aiki mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan genotypes na Marketmore da Green Long, waɗanda ke da mafi ƙarancin yawan daskararru mai narkewa.
Tasirin triacontanol akan yawan nau'ikan kokwamba guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa na yau da kullun da kuma yanayin damuwa na gishiri.
Mafi kyawun yawan sinadarin triacontanol shine 0.8 mg/l, wanda hakan ya ba da damar rage tasirin kwayoyin halittar da aka yi nazari a kansu a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na gishiri da kuma yanayin da ba na damuwa ba. Duk da haka, tasirin triacontanol akan Green-Long da Marketmore ya fi bayyana. Idan aka yi la'akari da yuwuwar jure gishirin waɗannan nau'ikan halittu da kuma tasirin triacontanol wajen rage tasirin damuwa na gishiri, yana yiwuwa a ba da shawarar shuka waɗannan nau'ikan halittu a kan ƙasa mai gishiri tare da fesa ganye da triacontanol.