Ƙara yawan abinci ya zama dole don biyan bukatun al'ummar duniya. Dangane da haka, maganin kashe kwari wani bangare ne na ayyukan noma na zamani da nufin kara yawan amfanin gona. An nuna yawaitar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a aikin gona na haifar da mummunar gurbacewar muhalli da kuma matsalolin lafiyar ɗan adam. Magungunan kashe qwari na iya rikitar da ƙwayoyin jikin ɗan adam tare da lalata ayyukan ɗan adam ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye ko cin gurɓataccen abinci, wanda shine muhimmin dalilin da ke haifar da matsalolin lafiya.
Siffofin cytogenetic da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken sun nuna daidaitaccen tsari wanda ke nuna cewa omethoate yana yin tasirin genotoxic da cytotoxic akan meristems albasa. Ko da yake babu wata bayyananniyar shaida game da tasirin cututtukan omethoate akan albasa a cikin wallafe-wallafen da ake da su, yawancin binciken sun bincika sakamakon cututtukan omethoate akan sauran ƙwayoyin gwaji. Dolara et al. ya nuna cewa omethoate ya haifar da karuwar dogaro da kashi a cikin adadin musayar 'yar'uwar chromatid a cikin lymphocytes na ɗan adam a cikin vitro. Hakanan, Arteaga-Gómez et al. ya nuna cewa omethoate ya rage karfin kwayar halitta a cikin HaCaT keratinocytes da kuma NL-20 na jikin dan adam, kuma an kiyasta lalacewar genotoxic ta hanyar amfani da kwayar cutar tauraro. Hakanan, Wang et al. an lura da ƙara tsayin telomere da ƙara yawan kamuwa da cutar kansa a cikin ma'aikatan da suka fallasa omethoate. Bugu da ƙari, don tallafawa binciken yanzu, Ekong et al. ya nuna cewa omethoate (analojin oxygen na omethoate) ya haifar da raguwa a cikin MI a cikin A. cepa kuma ya haifar da lysis cell, chromosome retention, chromosome fragmentation, nukiliya elongation, nukiliya yashwa, wanda bai kai ga chromosome maturation, metaphase clustering, nuclear condensation, anaphase stickiness, da abnormalities na c.- Rage darajar MI bayan jiyya na omethoate na iya zama saboda raguwar rarraba tantanin halitta ko gazawar sel don kammala zagayowar mitotic. Sabanin haka, haɓakar MN da nakasassun chromosomal da rarrabuwar DNA sun nuna cewa raguwar ƙimar MI yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da lalacewar DNA. Daga cikin rashin daidaituwar chromosomal da aka gano a cikin binciken yanzu, ƙwayoyin chromosomes masu ɗanɗano sun fi yawa. Wannan rashin daidaituwa na musamman, wanda ke da guba sosai kuma ba zai iya jurewa ba, ana haifar da shi ta hanyar mannewar sunadarai na chromosomal na jiki ko rushewar metabolism na nucleic acid a cikin tantanin halitta. A madadin, ana iya haifar da shi ta hanyar rushewar sunadaran da ke tattare DNA na chromosomal, wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar tantanin halitta42. chromosomes kyauta suna nuna yiwuwar aneuploidy43. Bugu da ƙari, gadoji na chromosomal suna samuwa ta hanyar raguwa da haɗuwa na chromosomes da chromatids. Samuwar gutsuttsura kai tsaye yana haifar da samuwar MN, wanda ya yi daidai da sakamakon binciken tauraro mai wutsiya a cikin wannan binciken. Rashin daidaituwa na chromatin yana faruwa ne saboda gazawar rabuwar chromatid a ƙarshen lokacin mitotic, wanda ke haifar da samuwar chromosomes kyauta44. Ba a bayyana ainihin hanyar omethoate genotoxicity ba; duk da haka, a matsayin magungunan kashe qwari na organophosphorus, yana iya yin hulɗa tare da sassan salula irin su nucleobases ko haifar da lalacewar DNA ta hanyar samar da nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) 45. Don haka, magungunan kashe qwari na organophosphorus na iya haifar da tarin radicals masu saurin amsawa sosai ciki har da O2−, H2O2, da OH-, waɗanda zasu iya amsawa tare da sansanonin DNA a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ta haka haifar da lalacewar DNA kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. Hakanan an nuna waɗannan ROS suna lalata enzymes da tsarin da ke cikin kwafi da gyara DNA. Sabanin haka, an ba da shawarar cewa magungunan kashe qwari na organophosphorus suna jurewa tsarin tsarin rayuwa mai rikitarwa bayan cin abinci ta hanyar mutane, suna hulɗa tare da enzymes da yawa. Suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan hulɗar tana haifar da shigar da enzymes daban-daban da kuma kwayoyin halittar da ke ɓoye waɗannan enzymes a cikin tasirin genotoxic na omethoate40. Ding et al.46 ya ruwaito cewa ma'aikatan da aka fallasa su omethoate sun kara yawan tsayin telomere, wanda ke hade da ayyukan telomerase da polymorphism na kwayoyin halitta. Duk da haka, kodayake haɗin tsakanin omethoate DNA na gyaran enzymes da polymorphism na kwayoyin halitta an bayyana shi a cikin mutane, wannan tambaya ya kasance ba a warware shi ba ga tsire-tsire.
Hanyoyin tsaro na salon salula akan nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) ana inganta ba kawai ta hanyar tsarin antioxidant enzymatic ba amma kuma ta hanyar tsarin antioxidant marasa enzymatic, wanda free proline shine muhimmin antioxidant maras enzymatic a cikin tsire-tsire. Matakan proline har zuwa sau 100 sama da dabi'u na al'ada an lura dasu a cikin tsire-tsire masu damuwa56. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya yi daidai da sakamakon33 wanda ya ba da rahoton haɓakar matakan proline a cikin ƙwayar alkama da aka yi wa omethoate. Hakazalika, Srivastava da Singh57 kuma sun lura cewa malathion na organophosphate na kwari ya karu da matakan proline a cikin albasa (A. cepa) da kuma ƙara yawan ayyukan superoxide dismutase (SOD) da catalase (CAT), yana rage amincin membrane kuma haifar da lalacewar DNA. Proline amino acid ne wanda ba shi da mahimmanci wanda ke da hannu a cikin nau'ikan hanyoyin ilimin lissafi da suka haɗa da tsarin gina jiki, ƙayyadaddun aikin furotin, kula da redox homeostasis ta salula, iskar oxygen guda ɗaya da ɓacin rai na hydroxyl, kiyaye daidaiton osmotic, da siginar tantanin halitta57. Bugu da ƙari, proline yana kare enzymes na antioxidant, don haka yana kiyaye tsarin tsarin membranes cell58. Ƙara yawan matakan proline a cikin albasa bayan bayyanar omethoate yana nuna cewa jiki yana amfani da proline a matsayin superoxide dismutase (SOD) da catalase (CAT) don kare kariya daga kamuwa da cutar kwari. Duk da haka, kama da tsarin antioxidant enzymatic, an nuna proline bai isa ba don kare tushen tushen albasa daga lalacewar kwari.
Binciken wallafe-wallafen ya nuna cewa, babu wani bincike kan lalacewar tushen shuka ta hanyar maganin kwari na omethoate. Duk da haka, sakamakon binciken da aka yi a baya game da wasu magungunan kwari sun yi daidai da sakamakon wannan binciken. Çavuşoğlu et al.67 ya ruwaito cewa, faffadan ƙwayoyin thiamethoxam na kwari sun haifar da lahani a cikin tushen albasa kamar su necrosis cell, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jini mara kyau, nakasar tantanin halitta, ƙarancin launi na epidermal, da kuma mummunan siffar meristem nuclei. Tütüncü et al.68 ya nuna cewa nau'i-nau'i daban-daban guda uku na maganin kwari na methiocarb sun haifar da necrosis, lalata kwayoyin halitta, da bangon cortical cell a cikin tushen albasa. A cikin wani binciken, Kalefetoglu Makar36 ya gano cewa aikace-aikacen maganin kwari na avermectin a allurai na 0.025 ml/L, 0.050 ml/L da 0.100 ml/L ya haifar da nakasa da ba a bayyana ba, nakasar sel ta epidermal da lalata makaman nukiliya a tushen albasa. Tushen shine hanyar shigar da sinadarai masu cutarwa su shiga shuka kuma shine babban wurin da ya fi kamuwa da cutar dafi. Bisa ga sakamakon MDA na bincikenmu, damuwa mai haɗari na iya haifar da lalacewa ta jiki. A gefe guda, yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa tushen tsarin kuma shine tsarin kariya na farko daga irin waɗannan haɗari69. Nazarin ya nuna cewa lalacewar da aka gani ga tushen sel meristem na iya kasancewa saboda tsarin kariya na waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta na hana shan maganin kashe qwari. Ƙaruwar ƙwayoyin epidermal da cortical da aka gani a cikin wannan binciken mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon rage yawan sinadarai. Wannan karuwa na iya haifar da matsawa ta jiki da nakasar sel da tsakiya. Bugu da ƙari, 70 an ba da shawarar cewa tsire-tsire na iya tara wasu sinadarai don iyakance shigar da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin sel. Ana iya bayyana wannan al'amari a matsayin canji na daidaitawa a cikin ƙwayoyin cortical da vascular tissue, wanda sel ke daɗaɗa bangon tantanin su tare da abubuwa irin su cellulose da suberin don hana omethoate shiga cikin tushen.71 Bugu da ƙari kuma, lalata makaman nukiliya na iya zama sakamakon matsawa ta jiki na sel ko oxidative danniya da ke shafar membrane na nukiliya, ko kuma ta hanyar yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta.
Omethoate maganin kashe kwari ne da ake amfani da shi sosai, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa. Koyaya, kamar sauran magungunan kashe qwari na organophosphate, damuwa ya kasance game da tasirinsa akan muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Wannan binciken ya yi niyya don cike wannan gibin bayanai ta hanyar yin la'akari sosai da illar maganin kwari na omethoate akan shukar da aka saba gwadawa, A. cepa. A cikin A. cepa, bayyanar omethoate ya haifar da jinkirin girma, tasirin genotoxic, asarar mutuncin DNA, damuwa na oxidative, da lalacewar cell a cikin tushen meristem. Sakamakon ya nuna mummunan tasirin maganin kwari na omethoate akan kwayoyin da ba su da manufa. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna bukatar yin taka tsantsan wajen yin amfani da magungunan kashe kwari na omethoate, da madaidaitan allurai, da kara wayar da kan manoma, da tsauraran dokoki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, waɗannan sakamakon za su samar da mahimmancin farawa don bincike da ke bincikar tasirin maganin kwari na omethoate akan nau'in da ba a kai ba.
Nazarin gwaje-gwaje da nazarin filin na shuke-shuke da sassansu (albasa kwararan fitila), ciki har da tarin kayan shuka, an gudanar da su daidai da ka'idoji da ka'idoji na hukumomi, na kasa da na duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-04-2025