Ƙirƙirar hanyoyi masu inganci da daidaito don gwada kamuwa da cutar sauro ga kwari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don fahimtar tasirin sabbin sinadarai ko tsari masu aiki. Hanyoyin gwada kamuwa da cutar sauro ga kwari ko kayayyaki (kamar waɗanda aka tallata a cikin shirye-shiryen lafiyar jama'a) an kafa su sosai kuma an daidaita su. Duk da haka, hanyoyin gwaji don kwari masu canzawa ko masu iskar gas da ake amfani da su a cikin kayayyakin gida suna da wahalar aiwatarwa yadda ya kamata. Dangane da shawarwarin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don maganin kwari na gida, mun ƙirƙiro wata hanya mai inganci da inganci don gwada samfuran aerosol ta amfani da sauro a cikin keji da kuma hanyar kashe kwari mai inganci da aka gudanar a cikin ɗakin gwajin Peet-Grady (ɗakin gwajin PG). Mun tabbatar da ingancin wannan sabuwar hanyar ta amfani da yawan sauro masu juriya ga kwari da kuma masu saurin kamuwa da cutar Aedes da Anopheles. Wani sabon fasali na wannan hanyar shine haɗa ɗakin da aka nufi a cikin kejin sauro, wanda ke ba da damar kimanta adadi na ainihin adadin kashe sauro bayan fallasa kwari. Maganin kashe kwari yana cire sauran man aerosol mai ɗauke da pyrethroid daga saman ɗakin gwaji, tare da ƙimar mace-mace ƙasa da 2% ga sauro masu saurin kamuwa da cutar da aka gwada kai tsaye a saman ɗakin. Ba a ga bambancin yanayi a tsakanin mace-mace ko mace-mace tsakanin sauro da aka kulle a ɗakin PG ba. Hanyarmu ta keji biyu tana samar da saurin aiki sau takwas fiye da hanyar tashi kyauta, wanda ke ba da damar gwada nau'ikan sauro daban-daban a lokaci guda da kuma nuna bambanci mai tasiri tsakanin sauro masu saurin kamuwa da cuta da waɗanda ba sa jurewa da aka gwada a layi ɗaya.
Zuwa yanzu, ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari na aerosol a cikin gidaje don kare kai, tare da ƙarancin amfani da su a shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar jama'a. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ana amfani da magungunan kashe kwari a gidaje a yankunan da cututtukan da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta ke yaɗuwa. Ko dai dalilin maganin sauro ne ko rigakafin cututtuka, akwai buƙatar gaggawa don hanyoyin da aka tsara kuma masu sauƙin amfani don tantance yawan sauro da ke kamuwa da cutar. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don annabta tasirin maganin kwari akan ƙwayoyin cuta na gida da fahimtar yadda amfani da maganin kwari na gida ke shafar zaɓin juyin halitta don juriya ga kwari.
Ƙarin Hanya ta 1 tana ba da cikakkun bayanai mataki-mataki don gudanar da shirin gwajin maganin kwari na aerosol.
Duk da cewa jagororin WHO sun ba da shawarar amfani da nebulizers na atomatik, ba su bayar da takamaiman takamaiman fasaha ba. Amfani da nebulizers na atomatik yana da mahimmanci, domin nebulization da hannu a cikin ɗakin propylene glycol ba wai kawai yana ɗaukar aiki mai yawa ba ne, har ma yana iya haifar da rashin daidaito a sarari da bambance-bambancen tsawon lokacin nebulization.
Dole ne a yi wa ɗakin amsawar magani magani bayan kowace gwaji, amma hanyar tsaftacewa ta ciki da aka ba da shawarar a cikin Jagorar WHO ta ƙunshi shafa ruwa daga bututu. A cikin aikinmu na yau da kullun, wannan hanyar ita ce mafi ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo wajen sarrafa kayan aikin nazarin halittu, don haka mun ƙirƙiro kuma mun gwada hanyar yin magani ta hanyar amfani da swab.
Ana kula da sassan fanka da za a iya cirewa kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, kuma ana tsaftace ruwan wukake da firam ɗin fanka da soso da aka jika a cikin maganin Decon 90 na kashi 5%.
Dangane da alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsawon lokacin feshi da kuma yawan isar da samfurin, na'urar rarraba aerosol ɗinmu ta kuma nuna kyakkyawan daidaito wajen sarrafa rabon yawan aerosol, aƙalla a cikin kewayon da aka gwada sau 1 zuwa 4. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3b, wannan halayyar tana da mahimmanci musamman don siffanta alaƙar amsawar allurai da sabbin hanyoyin aerosol ko tantance adadin ganowa don gano juriyar maganin kwari.
Mun nuna cewa tsarinmu da aka sake fasalin don tantance magungunan kashe kwari na aerosol na gida, ta amfani da maganin kashe kwari, keji biyu, feshi mai sarrafawa daga nesa, da kuma rikodin biometric daga kyamarorin aiki, madadin da ya fi tasiri da yuwuwa ga na'urar zamani.Hukumar Lafiya ta DuniyaShawarwari. Hanyar kashe swab, wacce ke buƙatar mintuna 20 kacal, tana adana lokaci sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsarin da ake da shi (wanda yawanci yana buƙatar awa ɗaya a kowace ɗakin gwaji). Hakanan yana rage lokacin da masu aiki ke kashewa wajen sanya kayan kariya na sirri (misali, kwalkwali na numfashi da tufafin aiki masu hana kumburi). Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanyar tana samar da ruwa da tufafi marasa gurɓata don magani fiye da tsaftace ɗakin gwaji gaba ɗaya, ta haka rage yuwuwar gurɓatar ɗakin da ke cikin ɗakin gwaji. Hanyar kashe swab kuma ta dace da kashe swab na ɗakunan gwaji na dindindin waɗanda ke buƙatar tsaftacewa.mafi ƙarancisanya kayan daki a cikin tsari daban-daban na ɗaki.
Babban batu da aka bincika a cikin wannan binciken da sauransu shine daidaita alluran maganin kwari da aka yi amfani da su a cikin muhalli a cikin ka'idojin gwaji daban-daban. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 2b, duk da tsayayyen lokacin fesawa, girman fesawa ya bambanta a cikin nau'ikan gwangwani na aerosol, wanda ke iya nuna bambance-bambance a cikin hanyoyin kera (misali, matsin lamba na ciki, amfani da propellant, tsarin bututun ƙarfe, da sauransu). Bugu da ƙari, rashin na'urorin fesawa na nesa da ake samu a kasuwa tare da sassaucin da ake buƙata a cikin tsawon lokacin fesa yana iyakance amfani da su wajen tantance alaƙar amsawar allura don sarrafa sauro. Fesawa da hannu ta hanyar hatches na gwaji ko hatches na shiga (idan akwai) na iya haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin alluran fallasa. A zahiri, sakamakonmu yana nuna buƙata da mahimmancin rage waɗannan hanyoyin bambance-bambancen. Ga yawan Aedes aegypti masu juriya, mun lura da alaƙa tsakanin allurar aerosol da ƙaddarar ƙarshe ta juriya ko juriya (Hoto na 3b). Mafi kyau, ya kamata a daidaita alluran aerosol a cikin gram na abu mai aerosol maimakon a cikin tsawon lokacin aerosol don sauƙaƙe kwatantawa tsakanin nazarin daban-daban.
RCAD tana ba da wata hanya ta daban don bincike na gaba wanda ke rage tasirin bambancin tsari. Duk da cewa mun gano cewa daidaiton feshi na aerosol ba zai yiwu ba, mun nuna cewa ana iya kimanta yawan aerosol da aka kawo ta cikin gwangwani daban-daban ta hanyar daidaita tsawon feshi (Figures 2b, 3a). Irin wannan daidaiton yawan aerosol a cikin kowane ɗakin gwaji yana da mahimmanci don inganta sake haifar da sakamako.
Dangane da gogewarmu da ta sauran ƙungiyoyin bincike, shawarwarin da ke cikin Jagorar da ke cikin yanzu game da amfani da hanyoyin gano iskar gas don gwada sauro masu tashi sama suna haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa ga nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da na rabin filin. Misali, hanyoyin gano sauro masu tashi sama suna da ƙarancin aiki (gami da sake kama sauro masu tashi sama da suka tsira) kuma suna fama da ƙuntatawa da dama na fasaha, kamar matsaloli wajen tantance yawan kashe-kashe a ainihin lokaci.
Duk da cewa gwajin da muka yi a keji biyu ya magance matsalar karancin kwararar ruwa kuma hanya ce mai yiwuwa don tantance saurin kamuwa da sauro ga magungunan kwari masu kashe kwari, ya kamata a lura cewa yawan mace-macen sauro a Tsibirin Cayman ya yi ƙasa sosai a gwajin keji fiye da gwajin tashi kyauta (Hoto na 5c, Tebur 1). Wannan bambancin na iya nuna raguwar yawan maganin kwari a cikin keji, yayin da ƙarancin digo-digo na aerosol ke shiga ragar da shiga kejin. Nazarin da za a yi nan gaba zai iya amfani da manyan masaku da ƙirar keji tare da yawan iskar fanka (misali, ƙirar silinda) don ƙara tabbatar da sakamakon da aka samu ta hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-02-2026