Masu kula da ci gaban shuka (PGRs)hanya ce mai tsada don haɓaka kariyar shuka a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa. Wannan binciken ya bincika iyawar biyuPGRs, thiourea (TU) da arginine (Arg), don rage damuwa gishiri a cikin alkama. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa TU da Arg, musamman idan aka yi amfani da su tare, za su iya tsara ci gaban shuka a ƙarƙashin damuwa na gishiri. Magungunan su sun ƙara haɓaka ayyukan enzymes na antioxidant yayin da suke rage matakan jinsunan oxygen mai amsawa (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), da zub da jini na dangi (REL) a cikin tsire-tsire na alkama. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan jiyya sun ragu da yawa na Na + da Ca2 + da kuma Na +/K + rabo, yayin da yake ƙara yawan ƙwayar K +, ta haka yana kiyaye ma'auni na ion-osmotic. Mafi mahimmanci, TU da Arg sun ƙara haɓaka abun ciki na chlorophyll, ƙimar net ɗin photosynthetic, da musayar gas na tsire-tsire na alkama a ƙarƙashin damuwa na gishiri. TU da Arg da aka yi amfani da su kadai ko a hade zasu iya ƙara yawan busassun busassun da 9.03-47.45%, kuma karuwa ya kasance mafi girma lokacin da aka yi amfani da su tare. A ƙarshe, wannan binciken ya nuna cewa kiyaye redox homeostasis da ma'auni na ion yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka juriya na shuka ga damuwa na gishiri. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da shawarar TU da Arg a matsayin mai yiwuwamasu kula da girma shuka,musamman idan aka yi amfani da su tare, don haɓaka yawan alkama.
Sauye-sauye cikin sauri a yanayin yanayi da ayyukan noma suna kara lalata yanayin yanayin noma1. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin sakamakon shine salin ƙasa, wanda ke yin barazana ga lafiyar abinci na duniya2. Salinization a halin yanzu yana shafar kusan kashi 20% na ƙasar noma a duk duniya, kuma wannan adadi zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa 50% nan da 20503. Damuwar gishiri-alkali na iya haifar da damuwa na osmotic a tushen amfanin gona, wanda ke rushe ma'aunin ionic a cikin shuka4. Irin wannan mummunan yanayi kuma na iya haifar da saurin rushewar chlorophyll, rage ƙimar photosynthesis, da rikice-rikice na rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar amfanin shuka5,6. Bugu da ƙari, babban sakamako na yau da kullun shine haɓakar haɓakar nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS), wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar oxidative ga ƙwayoyin halittu daban-daban, gami da DNA, sunadarai, da lipids7.
Alkama (Triticum aestivum) yana daya daga cikin manyan amfanin gona na hatsi a duniya. Ba kawai amfanin gonan hatsi da aka fi nomawa ba har ma da muhimmin amfanin gona na kasuwanci8. Duk da haka, alkama yana kula da gishiri, wanda zai iya hana ci gabanta, ya rushe tsarin ilimin halittar jiki da na kwayoyin halitta, kuma yana rage yawan amfanin gona. Babban dabarun rage tasirin danniya na gishiri sun hada da gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta da kuma amfani da masu kula da ci gaban shuka. Kwayoyin da aka gyaggyarawa kwayoyin halitta (GM) sune amfani da gyaran kwayoyin halitta da sauran dabaru don bunkasa nau'in alkama mai jure wa gishiri9,10. A gefe guda, masu kula da haɓakar tsire-tsire suna haɓaka juriya ga gishiri a cikin alkama ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan ilimin lissafi da matakan abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da gishiri, ta yadda za su rage lalacewar damuwa11. Waɗannan masu mulki gabaɗaya an fi karɓuwa kuma ana amfani da su sosai fiye da hanyoyin transgenic. Za su iya haɓaka jurewar shuka ga matsalolin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban kamar salinity, fari da ƙarfe mai nauyi, da haɓaka haɓakar iri, haɓakar abinci mai gina jiki da haɓakar haifuwa, ta haka ƙara yawan amfanin gona da inganci. 12 Masu kula da haɓakar shuka suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da haɓaka amfanin gona da kiyaye yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci saboda abokantaka na muhalli, sauƙin amfani, inganci da inganci. 13 Duk da haka, tun da waɗannan masu daidaitawa suna da irin wannan tsarin aiki, yin amfani da ɗayan su kaɗai bazai yi tasiri ba. Nemo haɗe-haɗe na masu kula da ci gaban da za su iya inganta haƙurin gishiri a cikin alkama yana da mahimmanci ga kiwo alkama a cikin yanayi mara kyau, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa da tabbatar da wadatar abinci.
Babu wani binciken da ke bincikar haɗakar amfani da TU da Arg. Ba a sani ba ko wannan sabon haɗin gwiwar zai iya haɓaka haɓakar alkama a ƙarƙashin matsin gishiri. Don haka, makasudin wannan binciken shine don tantance ko waɗannan masu kula da haɓaka haɓakawa guda biyu za su iya rage tasirin dantsin gishiri akan alkama. Don wannan karshen, mun gudanar da gwajin ƙwayar alkama na ɗan gajeren lokaci don bincika fa'idodin haɗin aikace-aikacen TU da Arg zuwa alkama a ƙarƙashin damuwa na gishiri, yana mai da hankali kan redox da ma'auni na ionic na shuke-shuke. Mun yi hasashe cewa haɗin TU da Arg na iya yin aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa don rage danniya na gishiri da ke haifar da lalacewar oxidative da sarrafa rashin daidaituwa na ionic, don haka inganta haƙurin gishiri a cikin alkama.
Abun MDA na samfuran an ƙaddara ta hanyar hanyar thiobarbituric acid. Daidai auna nauyin 0.1 g na sabon samfurin foda, cirewa tare da 1 ml na 10% trichloroacetic acid na minti 10, centrifuge a 10,000 g na 20 min, kuma tattara supernatant. An haxa tsantsa tare da daidaitaccen ƙarar 0.75% thiobarbituric acid kuma an sanya shi a 100 ° C na 15 min. Bayan shiryawa, an tattara supernatant ta hanyar centrifugation, kuma an auna ƙimar OD a 450 nm, 532 nm, da 600 nm. An ƙididdige taro na MDA kamar haka:
Hakazalika da jiyya na kwanaki 3, aikace-aikacen Arg da Tu kuma sun haɓaka ayyukan enzyme antioxidant na alkama a ƙarƙashin jiyya na kwanaki 6. Haɗin TU da Arg har yanzu shine mafi inganci. Koyaya, a cikin kwanaki 6 bayan jiyya, ayyukan enzymes antioxidant guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin yanayin jiyya daban-daban sun nuna raguwar yanayin idan aka kwatanta da kwanaki 3 bayan jiyya (Hoto 6).
Photosynthesis shine tushen tarin busassun kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsire-tsire kuma yana faruwa a cikin chloroplasts, waɗanda ke da matukar damuwa ga gishiri. Damuwar gishiri na iya haifar da iskar shaka na membrane plasma, rushewar ma'aunin osmotic na salula, lalacewa ga chloroplast ultrastructure36, haifar da lalacewar chlorophyll, rage ayyukan enzymes na sake zagayowar Calvin (ciki har da Rubisco), da rage canja wurin lantarki daga PS II zuwa PS I37. Bugu da ƙari, damuwa na gishiri na iya haifar da ƙulli na stomatal, ta haka ne rage ƙwayar CO2 na ganye da kuma hana photosynthesis38. Sakamakonmu ya tabbatar da binciken da aka yi a baya cewa damuwa na gishiri yana rage ƙwanƙwasawa a cikin alkama, yana haifar da raguwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ganye da kuma maida hankali na CO2 a cikin cell, wanda a ƙarshe yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin photoynthetic da rage ƙwayar alkama (Figs. 1 da 3). Musamman ma, aikace-aikacen TU da Arg na iya haɓaka ingancin shuke-shuken alkama a ƙarƙashin matsin gishiri. Haɓakawa a cikin ingancin hotuna yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da aka yi amfani da TU da Arg lokaci guda (Fig. 3). Wannan na iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa TU da Arg suna tsara stomatal buɗewa da rufewa, ta haka ne ke haɓaka ingantaccen ingancin hoto, wanda aka goyan bayan karatun baya. Alal misali, Bencarti et al. ya gano cewa a ƙarƙashin damuwa na gishiri, TU ya karu da haɓaka haɓakar stomatal, CO2 assimilation rate, da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar PSII photochemistry a Atriplex portulacoides L.39. Ko da yake babu rahotanni kai tsaye da ke tabbatar da cewa Arg na iya tsara stomatal budewa da rufewa a cikin tsire-tsire da aka fallasa ga damuwa na gishiri, Silveira et al. ya nuna cewa Arg na iya inganta musayar iskar gas a cikin ganye a ƙarƙashin yanayin fari22.
A taƙaice, wannan binciken ya nuna cewa duk da tsarin aikin su daban-daban da kaddarorin physicochemical, TU da Arg na iya ba da juriya mai kama da damuwa na NaCl a cikin tsire-tsire na alkama, musamman idan aka yi amfani da su tare. Aikace-aikacen TU da Arg na iya kunna tsarin kariyar enzyme antioxidant na alkama na alkama, rage abun ciki na ROS, da kuma kula da kwanciyar hankali na lipids na membrane, don haka kiyaye photosynthesis da ma'auni Na +/K+ a cikin seedlings. Duk da haka, wannan binciken kuma yana da iyaka; ko da yake an tabbatar da tasirin synergistic na TU da Arg kuma an yi bayanin tsarin ilimin halittarsa zuwa wani matsayi, mafi rikitarwa tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya kasance ba a sani ba. Sabili da haka, ƙarin nazarin tsarin haɗin gwiwar TU da Arg ta amfani da transcriptomic, metabolomic da sauran hanyoyin ya zama dole.
Rubutun bayanan da aka yi amfani da su da/ko aka tantance yayin binciken na yanzu suna samuwa daga mawallafin da ya dace bisa buƙatun da ya dace.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-19-2025