Sauyin yanayi da saurin karuwar jama'a sun zama manyan kalubale ga samar da abinci a duniya.Ɗaya daga cikin mafita mai ban sha'awa shine amfani damasu kula da girma shuka(PGRs) don ƙara yawan amfanin gona da kuma shawo kan yanayin girma mara kyau kamar yanayin hamada.Kwanan nan, carotenoid zaxinone da guda biyu na analogues (MiZax3 da MiZax5) sun nuna kyakkyawan aiki na haɓaka haɓaka a cikin hatsi da kayan lambu a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse da filin.Anan, mun ci gaba da bincikar illolin daban-daban na MiZax3 da MiZax5 (5 μM da 10 μM a cikin 2021; 2.5 μM da 5 μM a 2022) akan girma da yawan amfanin gonakin kayan lambu masu daraja biyu a Cambodia: dankalin turawa da Saudi Arabiya. strawberry.Arabiya.A cikin gwaje-gwajen filin masu zaman kansu guda biyar daga 2021 zuwa 2022, aikace-aikacen duka MiZax sun inganta halayen aikin gonakin shuka sosai, abubuwan da ake samarwa da yawan amfanin ƙasa gabaɗaya.Yana da kyau a lura cewa ana amfani da MiZax a cikin ƙananan allurai fiye da humic acid (wani fili na kasuwanci da aka yi amfani da shi sosai a nan don kwatanta).Don haka, sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa MiZax shine mai kula da haɓakar tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don haɓaka girma da yawan amfanin gonar kayan lambu har ma a cikin yanayin hamada kuma a cikin ƙananan ƙira.
A cewar Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO), tsarin samar da abinci dole ne ya kusan ninka sau uku nan da shekarar 2050 don ciyar da karuwar yawan al’ummar duniya (FAO: Duniya za ta bukaci karin abinci da kashi 70 cikin 100 nan da shekarar 20501).Hasali ma, saurin karuwar yawan jama'a, gurbacewar yanayi, balaguron balaguro, musamman ma tsananin zafi da fari da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa, duk kalubale ne da ke fuskantar matsalar abinci a duniya.Dangane da haka, kara yawan amfanin gonakin noma a cikin yanayi mara kyau na daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ba za a iya tantama ba ga wannan matsala mai ma'ana.Duk da haka, girma da ci gaban shuka ya dogara ne akan samuwar sinadirai a cikin ƙasa kuma suna da matukar damuwa da mummunan yanayi, ciki har da fari, salinity ko damuwa na biotic3,4,5.Wadannan matsalolin na iya yin illa ga lafiya da ci gaban amfanin gona da kuma haifar da raguwar amfanin gona6.Bugu da kari, iyakataccen albarkatun ruwa na yin tasiri sosai ga noman amfanin gona, yayin da sauyin yanayi na duniya babu makawa ya rage yankin da ake nomawa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru kamar zafin rana yana rage yawan amfanin gona7,8.Ana yawan samun matsanancin zafi a sassa da dama na duniya ciki har da Saudiyya.Amfani da biostimulants ko masu kula da ci gaban shuka (PGRs) yana da fa'ida don rage girman ci gaba da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa.Yana iya inganta juriyar amfanin gona da baiwa shuke-shuke damar jure yanayin girma mara kyau9.Dangane da wannan, ana iya amfani da biostimulants da masu kula da ci gaban shuka a cikin mafi kyawun ƙima don haɓaka haɓakar shuka da yawan aiki10,11.
Carotenoids su ne tetraterpenoids waɗanda suma suna aiki a matsayin madogara ga phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) da strigolactone (SL) 12,13,14, da kuma kwanan nan da aka gano masu kula da girma zaxinone, anorene da cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19.Duk da haka, mafi yawan ainihin metabolites, ciki har da abubuwan da suka samo asali na carotenoid, suna da iyakacin tushen halitta da/ko ba su da kwanciyar hankali, suna sa aikace-aikacen su kai tsaye a wannan filin yana da wahala.Don haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an haɓaka ABA da SL analogues / mimetics da yawa kuma an gwada su don aikace-aikacen noma20,21,22,23,24,25.Hakazalika, kwanan nan mun haɓaka mimetics na zaxinone (MiZax), haɓaka haɓaka haɓaka haɓakawa wanda zai iya yin tasirinsa ta haɓaka metabolism na sukari da daidaita SL homeostasis a tushen shinkafa19,26.Ƙididdigar zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) da MiZax5 (tsararrun sinadarai da aka nuna a hoto na 1A) sun nuna ayyukan nazarin halittu masu kama da zaxinone a cikin nau'in shinkafa na daji da aka girma a hydroponically kuma a cikin ƙasa26.Haka kuma, kula da tumatir, dabino, koren barkono da kabewa tare da zaxinone, MiZax3 da MiZx5 inganta ci gaban shuka da yawan aiki, watau, yawan amfanin ƙasa barkono da inganci, a karkashin greenhouse da kuma bude filin yanayi, yana nuna matsayinsu na biostimulants da kuma amfani da PGR27..Abin sha'awa, MiZax3 da MiZax5 suma sun inganta haƙurin gishiri na barkono kore da aka girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin salinity mai girma, kuma MiZax3 ya ƙaru da abun ciki na zinc na 'ya'yan itace lokacin da aka lulluɓe shi da tsarin ƙarfe-kwakwalwa mai ɗauke da zinc7,28.
(A) Tsarin sinadarai na MiZax3 da MiZax5.(B) Tasirin fesa foliar na MZ3 da MZ5 a yawan 5 µM da 10 µM akan tsire-tsiren dankalin turawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin fili.Gwajin zai faru a cikin 2021. Ana gabatar da bayanai azaman ma'anar ± SD.n≥15.An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambancin hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin gwajin hoc na Tukey.Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
A cikin wannan aikin, mun kimanta MiZax (MiZax3 da MiZax5) a matakan foliar guda uku (5 µM da 10 µM a cikin 2021 da 2.5 µM da 5 µM a 2022) kuma mun kwatanta su da dankalin turawa (Solanum tuberosum L).An kwatanta mai kula da haɓakar kasuwancin humic acid (HA) da strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) a cikin gwajin greenhouse strawberry a cikin 2021 da 2022 da kuma a cikin gwaje-gwajen fage guda huɗu a cikin Masarautar Saudi Arabiya, yankin yanayin hamada na yau da kullun.Kodayake HA shine biostimulant mai amfani da yawa tare da tasirin amfani da yawa, gami da haɓaka wadatar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa da haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona ta hanyar daidaita homeostasis na hormonal, sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa MiZax ya fi HA.
An siyi bututun dankalin turawa iri-iri na Diamond daga Kamfanin Kasuwancin Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Seedlings na iri biyu strawberry iri "Sweet Charlie" da "Biki" da kuma humic acid an saya daga Modern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Duk kayan shukar da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan aikin sun dace da Bayanin Manufofin IUCN akan Bincike da Ya Shafi Nau'in Halitta da Yarjejeniyar Ciniki a cikin Nau'o'in Dabbobin Dabbobi da Flora.
Wurin gwajin yana cikin Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E).Ƙasar ƙasa ce mai yashi, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130.Ana nuna kadarorin ƙasa a cikin ƙarin Tebura S1.
Uku strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) seedlings a gaskiya leaf mataki aka raba kashi uku kungiyoyi don kimanta sakamakon foliar spraying tare da 10 μM MiZax3 da MiZax5 a kan girma halaye da kuma flowering lokaci a karkashin greenhouse yanayi.An yi amfani da fesa ganye da ruwa (mai ɗauke da 0.1% acetone) azaman maganin ƙirar ƙira.An yi amfani da feshin foliar MiZax sau 7 a tsakar mako guda.An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu zaman kansu guda biyu a ranar 15 ga Satumba da 28, 2021, bi da bi.Matsakaicin farawa na kowane fili shine 50 ml sannan a hankali ya karu zuwa kashi na ƙarshe na 250 ml.Makonni biyu a jere, ana yin rikodin adadin furannin furanni kowace rana kuma an ƙididdige adadin furanni a farkon mako na huɗu.Don ƙayyade halayen girma, lambar ganye, shuka sabo da busassun nauyi, duka yanki na ganye, da adadin stolons a kowace shuka an auna su a ƙarshen lokacin girma da kuma farkon lokacin haihuwa.An auna yankin ganye ta hanyar amfani da mita yanki na ganye kuma an bushe sabbin samfurori a cikin tanda a 100 ° C na tsawon awanni 48.
An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen filin guda biyu: da wuri da kuma marigayi.An dasa tubers dankalin turawa na nau'in "Diamant" a watan Nuwamba da Fabrairu, tare da farkon lokacin girma da kuma ƙarshen lokacin girma, bi da bi.Ana amfani da Biostimulants (MiZax-3 da -5) a cikin adadin 5.0 da 10.0 µM (2021) da 2.5 da 5.0 µM (2022).Fesa humic acid (HA) 1 g/l sau 8 a mako.An yi amfani da ruwa ko acetone azaman iko mara kyau.Ana nuna ƙirar gwajin filin a cikin (Ƙarin Hoto S1).An yi amfani da cikakken ƙirar toshe bazuwar (RCBD) tare da yanki na 2.5 m × 3.0 m don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen filin.Kowane magani an maimaita sau uku azaman kwafi masu zaman kansu.Nisa tsakanin kowane yanki shine 1.0 m, kuma nisa tsakanin kowane shinge shine 2.0 m.Nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire shine 0.6 m, nisa tsakanin layuka shine 1 m.Ana shayar da tsire-tsiren dankalin turawa kowace rana ta drip akan adadin lita 3.4 ga kowane digo.Tsarin yana gudana sau biyu a rana don minti 10 kowane lokaci don samar da ruwa ga tsire-tsire.Dukkan hanyoyin fasahar noma da aka ba da shawarar don shuka dankali a ƙarƙashin yanayin fari an yi amfani da su31.Bayan watanni hudu da shuka, an auna tsayin shuka (cm), adadin rassan kowace shuka, abun da ke tattare da dankalin turawa da yawan amfanin ƙasa, da ingancin tuber ta amfani da daidaitattun dabaru.
Seedlings na iri biyu strawberry (Sweet Charlie da Festival) an gwada a karkashin yanayin filin.An yi amfani da Biostimulants (MiZax-3 da -5) azaman fesa ganye a adadin 5.0 da 10.0 µM (2021) da 2.5 da 5.0 µM (2022) sau takwas a mako.Yi amfani da 1 g na HA a kowace lita azaman foliar fesa a layi daya tare da MiZax-3 da -5, tare da cakuda sarrafa H2O ko acetone azaman iko mara kyau.An dasa tsire-tsire na Strawberry a cikin wani yanki mai nisan mita 2.5 x 3 a farkon Nuwamba tare da tazarar shuka na 0.6 m da jeri na 1 m.An gudanar da gwajin a RCBD kuma an maimaita shi sau uku.An shayar da tsire-tsire na mintuna 10 kowace rana a karfe 7:00 da 17:00 ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ban ruwa mai ɗigo wanda ke ɗauke da drippers a nesa da 0.6 m kuma tare da ƙarfin 3.4 L. Agrotechnical abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su an auna su a lokacin girma.Ingantattun 'ya'yan itace da suka haɗa da TSS (%), bitamin C32, acidity da jimlar phenolic mahadi33 an tantance su a Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology na Jami'ar King Abdulaziz.
Ana bayyana bayanai azaman ma'ana kuma ana bayyana bambance-bambance a matsayin daidaitattun sabani.An ƙaddara mahimmancin ƙididdiga ta amfani da ANOVA ta hanya ɗaya (hanyoyi ɗaya ANOVA) ko ANOVA ta hanya biyu ta amfani da gwajin kwatancen Tukey ta amfani da matakin yuwuwar p <0.05 ko gwajin ɗalibi mai wutsiya biyu don gano manyan bambance-bambance (* p <0.05). , * *p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001).An yi duk fassarorin ƙididdiga ta amfani da sigar GraphPad Prism 8.3.0.An gwada ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙididdigar mahimmanci (PCA), hanyar ƙididdiga mai yawa, ta amfani da kunshin R 34.
A cikin rahoton da ya gabata, mun nuna ayyukan haɓaka haɓaka na MiZax a 5 da 10 μM ƙaddamarwa a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da haɓaka alamar chlorophyll a cikin Asalin Shuka Shuka (SPAD)27.Dangane da waɗannan sakamakon, mun yi amfani da ƙima iri ɗaya don kimanta tasirin MiZax akan dankalin turawa, muhimmin amfanin gona na abinci na duniya, a cikin gwaje-gwajen filin a cikin yanayin hamada a cikin 2021. Musamman, mun kasance da sha'awar gwada ko MiZax zai iya haɓaka tarin sitaci. , ƙarshen samfurin photosynthesis.Gabaɗaya, aikace-aikacen MiZax ya inganta haɓakar shuke-shuken dankalin turawa idan aka kwatanta da humic acid (HA), wanda ya haifar da karuwa a tsayin shuka, biomass da adadin rassan (Fig. 1B).Bugu da kari, mun lura cewa 5 μM MiZax3 da MiZax5 suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan haɓaka tsayin shuka, adadin rassa, da ƙwayoyin halittar shuka idan aka kwatanta da 10 μM (Hoto 1B).Tare da haɓakar haɓaka, MiZax kuma ya haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda aka auna ta lamba da nauyin tubers da aka girbe.Babban tasiri mai fa'ida ba shi da faɗi sosai lokacin da aka gudanar da MiZax a matakin 10 μM, yana ba da shawarar cewa yakamata a gudanar da waɗannan mahadi a cikin abubuwan da ke ƙasa da wannan (Hoto 1B).Bugu da ƙari, ba mu lura da bambance-bambance a cikin duk sigogin da aka rubuta tsakanin acetone (ba'a) da jiyya na ruwa (control) ba, suna nuna cewa ba a haifar da tasirin haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka ta hanyar ƙarfi ba, wanda ya dace da rahotonmu na baya27.
Tun lokacin da ake noman dankalin turawa a Saudi Arabiya ya ƙunshi farkon balaga da kuma ƙarshen balaga, mun gudanar da nazarin filin na biyu a cikin 2022 ta amfani da ƙarancin ƙima (2.5 da 5 µM) sama da yanayi biyu don kimanta tasirin yanayi na buɗaɗɗen filayen (Ƙarin Hoto S2A) .Kamar yadda aka sa ran, duka aikace-aikacen 5 μM MiZax sun haifar da haɓakar haɓaka mai girma kamar gwajin farko: haɓaka tsayin tsire-tsire, haɓakar reshe, mafi girma biomass, da ƙara yawan adadin tuber (Fig. 2; Ƙarin Fig. S3).Mahimmanci, mun lura da tasiri mai mahimmanci na waɗannan PGRs a ƙaddamar da 2.5 μM, yayin da GA bai nuna tasirin da aka annabta ba.Wannan sakamakon yana nuna cewa ana iya amfani da MiZax ko da a ƙananan ƙididdiga fiye da yadda ake tsammani.Bugu da kari, aikace-aikacen MiZax shima ya haɓaka tsayi da faɗin tubers (Ƙarin Hoto S2B).Mun kuma sami gagarumin karuwa a cikin nauyin tuber, amma an yi amfani da maida hankali na 2.5 µM a duk lokacin dasa shuki;
Shuka phenotypic kima na tasiri na MiZax a farkon maturing dankalin turawa shuke-shuke a cikin KAU filin, za'ayi a 2022. Data wakiltar nufin ± misali sabawa.n≥15.An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da bincike na bambance-bambancen hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin hoc na Tukey.Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Don ƙarin fahimtar tasirin jiyya (T) da shekara (Y), an yi amfani da ANOVA ta hanyoyi biyu don bincika hulɗar su (T x Y).Ko da yake duk biostimulants (T) muhimmanci ƙara dankalin turawa shuka tsawo da biomass, kawai MiZax3 da MiZax5 muhimmanci ƙara tuber lamba da nauyi, yana nuna cewa bidirectional martani na dankalin turawa tubers zuwa biyu MiZax kasance da gaske kama (Fig. 3)).Bugu da kari, a farkon kakar yanayi yanayi (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) yana yin zafi (matsakaicin 28 ° C da zafi 52% (2022), wanda ke raguwa sosai. gabaɗayan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar kuma (Fig. 2; Ƙarin Hoto S3).
Yi nazarin tasirin maganin 5µm (T), shekara (Y) da hulɗar su (T x Y) akan dankali.Bayanai suna wakiltar ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkacewa.n ≥ 30. An yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta amfani da bincike na hanyoyi biyu na bambancin (ANOVA).Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Duk da haka, maganin Myzax har yanzu yana kula da haɓaka ci gaban tsire-tsire masu girma.Gabaɗaya, gwaje-gwajenmu masu zaman kansu guda uku sun nuna babu shakka cewa aikace-aikacen MiZax yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tsarin shuka ta hanyar ƙara yawan rassan.A gaskiya ma, akwai tasiri mai mahimmanci ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin (T) da (Y) akan yawan rassan bayan magani na MiZax (Fig. 3).Wannan sakamakon ya yi daidai da ayyukan su azaman masu kula da strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26.Bugu da kari, a baya mun nuna cewa maganin Zaxinone yana haifar da tarawar sitaci a tushen shinkafa 35, wanda zai iya bayyana girman girman da nauyin tubers na dankalin turawa bayan maganin MiZax, tunda tubers galibi sun hada da sitaci.
Amfanin 'ya'yan itace mahimman tsire-tsire na tattalin arziki.Strawberries suna kula da yanayin damuwa na abiotic kamar fari da yawan zafin jiki.Saboda haka, mun bincika tasirin MiZax akan strawberries ta hanyar fesa ganye.Mun fara bayar da MiZax a maida hankali na 10 µM don kimanta tasirin sa akan ci gaban strawberry (bikin cultivar).Abin sha'awa, mun lura cewa MiZax3 ya ƙara yawan adadin stolons, wanda yayi daidai da ƙara yawan reshe, yayin da MiZax5 ya inganta yawan furanni, kwayoyin halitta, da yanki na ganye a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse (Ƙarin Hoto S4), yana nuna cewa waɗannan mahadi biyu na iya bambanta ta hanyar halitta.Abubuwan da suka faru 26,27.Don ƙarin fahimtar tasirin su akan strawberries a ƙarƙashin yanayin aikin gona na gaske, mun gudanar da gwajin filin da ake amfani da 5 da 10 μM MiZax zuwa tsire-tsire na strawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie) wanda aka girma a cikin ƙasa mai yashi a cikin 2021 (fig. S5A).Idan aka kwatanta da GC, ba mu lura da karuwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta ba, amma mun sami yanayin karuwa a yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa (Fig. C6A-B).Koyaya, aikace-aikacen MiZax ya haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin nauyin 'ya'yan itace guda ɗaya kuma ana nuna alamar dogaro da hankali (Ƙarin Hoto S5B; Ƙarin Hoto S6B), yana nuna tasirin waɗannan masu kula da haɓakar shuka akan ingancin 'ya'yan itacen strawberry lokacin amfani da su a ƙarƙashin yanayin hamada.tasiri.
Don fahimtar ko tasirin haɓakar haɓaka ya dogara da nau'in cultivar, mun zaɓi nau'ikan strawberry na kasuwanci guda biyu a Saudi Arabiya (Sweet Charlie da Biki) kuma mun gudanar da nazarin filin guda biyu a cikin 2022 ta amfani da ƙarancin ƙima na MiZax (2.5 da 5 µM).Don Sweet Charlie, ko da yake jimlar adadin 'ya'yan itace bai ƙaru sosai ba, ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace ya kasance mafi girma ga tsire-tsire da aka bi da su tare da MiZax, kuma adadin 'ya'yan itace a kowane wuri ya karu bayan jiyya na MiZax3 (Fig. 4).Waɗannan bayanai sun ƙara nuna cewa ayyukan nazarin halittu na MiZax3 da MiZax5 na iya bambanta.Bugu da kari, bayan jiyya tare da Myzax, mun lura da karuwa a cikin sabo da bushe nauyi na shuke-shuke, kazalika da tsawon shuka harbe.Game da adadin stolons da sababbin tsire-tsire, mun sami karuwa kawai a 5 μM MiZax (Fig. 4), yana nuna cewa mafi kyawun daidaitawar MiZax ya dogara da nau'in shuka.
Tasirin MiZax akan tsarin shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa (Sweet Charlie iri-iri) daga filayen KAU, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 2022. Bayanai suna wakiltar ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkacewa.n ≥ 15, amma an ƙididdige adadin 'ya'yan itace a kowane wuri a matsakaici daga tsire-tsire 15 daga filaye uku (n = 3).An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambance-bambancen hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin Tukey's post hoc ko gwajin Student mai wutsiya biyu.Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Mun kuma lura da irin wannan aikin haɓaka haɓakawa dangane da nauyin 'ya'yan itace da biomass na shuka a cikin strawberries na Bikin iri-iri (Fig. 5), duk da haka, ba mu sami bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa a kowace shuka ko kowane wuri ba (Fig. 5);.Abin sha'awa shine, aikace-aikacen MiZax ya karu da tsayin tsire-tsire da adadin stolons, yana nuna cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan masu kula da ci gaban shuka don inganta haɓakar amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace (Fig. 5).Bugu da ƙari, mun auna sigogin sinadarai da yawa don fahimtar ingancin 'ya'yan itacen iri biyu da aka tattara daga filin, amma ba mu sami wani bambanci tsakanin duk jiyya ba (Ƙarin Hoto S7; Ƙarin Hoto S8).
Tasirin MiZax akan tsarin shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa strawberry a cikin filin KAU (Festival iri-iri), 2022. Bayanai suna nufin ± daidaitaccen karkacewa.n ≥ 15, amma an ƙididdige adadin 'ya'yan itace a kowane wuri a matsakaici daga tsire-tsire 15 daga filaye uku (n = 3).An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da bincike na bambance-bambancen hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin Tukey's post hoc ko gwajin Student mai wutsiya biyu.Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
A cikin karatunmu kan strawberries, ayyukan nazarin halittu na MiZax3 da MiZax5 sun zama daban-daban.Mun fara bincika tasirin jiyya (T) da shekara (Y) akan iri ɗaya (Sweet Charlie) ta amfani da ANOVA ta hanyoyi biyu don tantance hulɗar su (T x Y).Don haka, GA ba shi da wani tasiri a kan shukar strawberry (Sweet Charlie), yayin da 5 μM MiZax3 da MiZax5 ya haɓaka haɓakar tsire-tsire da ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace (Fig. 6), yana nuna cewa hulɗar hanyoyi biyu na MiZax guda biyu suna kama da haɓakar strawberry. .noman amfanin gona
Yi la'akari da tasirin maganin 5 µM (T), shekara (Y) da hulɗar su (T x Y) akan strawberries (cv. Sweet Charlie).Bayanai suna wakiltar ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkacewa.n ≥ 30. An yi amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta amfani da bincike na hanyoyi biyu na bambancin (ANOVA).Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Bugu da ƙari, da aka ba da cewa ayyukan MiZax akan nau'ikan iri biyu sun ɗan bambanta (Fig. 4; Fig. 5), mun yi hanyar ANOVA ta hanyar kwatanta magani (T) da nau'i biyu (C).Na farko, babu wani magani da ya shafi adadin 'ya'yan itace a kowane wuri (Fig. 7), yana nuna babu wani muhimmin hulɗa tsakanin (T x C) da kuma ba da shawara cewa MiZax ko HA ba su ba da gudummawa ga yawan adadin 'ya'yan itace.Sabanin haka, MiZax (amma ba HA) yana haɓaka nauyin shuka, nauyin 'ya'yan itace, stolons da sababbin tsire-tsire (Fig. 7), yana nuna cewa MiZax3 da MiZax5 suna inganta ci gaban nau'in nau'in strawberry daban-daban.Dangane da ANOVA ta hanyoyi biyu (T x Y) da (T x C), zamu iya yanke shawarar cewa ayyukan haɓaka haɓaka na MiZax3 da MiZax5 a ƙarƙashin yanayin filin suna da kama da daidaito.
Ƙimar maganin strawberry tare da 5 µM (T), nau'i biyu (C) da hulɗar su (T x C).Bayanai suna wakiltar ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkacewa.n ≥ 30, amma an ƙididdige adadin 'ya'yan itace a kowane wuri a matsakaici daga tsire-tsire 15 daga filaye uku (n = 6).An yi nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da bincike na bambance-bambancen hanyoyi biyu (ANOVA).Asterisks suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da simulation (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.001, ****p <0.0001; ns, ba mahimmanci).HA - humic acid;MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
A ƙarshe, mun yi amfani da bincike na musamman (PCA) don kimanta tasirin mahaɗan da aka yi amfani da su akan dankali (T x Y) da strawberries (T x C).Waɗannan alkalumman sun nuna cewa maganin HA yana kama da acetone a cikin dankali ko ruwa a cikin strawberries (Hoto 8), yana nuna ƙaramin tasiri mai kyau akan ci gaban shuka.Abin sha'awa, gabaɗayan tasirin MiZax3 da MiZax5 sun nuna rarraba iri ɗaya a cikin dankalin turawa (Hoto 8A), yayin da rarraba waɗannan mahadi guda biyu a cikin strawberry ya bambanta (Hoto 8B).Kodayake MiZax3 da MiZax5 sun nuna ingantaccen rarrabawa a cikin ci gaban shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa, bincike na PCA ya nuna cewa ayyukan ƙayyadaddun girma na iya dogara ga nau'in shuka.
Binciken babban bangaren (PCA) na (A) dankali (T x Y) da (B) strawberries (T x C).Makina ga ƙungiyoyin biyu.Layin da ke haɗa kowane sashi yana kaiwa zuwa tsakiyar gungu.
A taƙaice, dangane da nazarin filin mu guda biyar masu zaman kansu kan amfanin gona masu daraja guda biyu kuma daidai da rahotanninmu na baya daga 2020 zuwa 202226,27, MiZax3 da MiZax5 sune masu kula da ci gaban shuka wanda zai iya inganta haɓakar shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa., ciki har da hatsi, tsire-tsire na itace ( dabino) da kayan amfanin gona na lambu26,27.Kodayake hanyoyin kwayoyin da suka wuce ayyukansu na halitta sun kasance masu wuyar gaske, suna da babban yuwuwar aikace-aikacen filin.Mafi kyau duka, idan aka kwatanta da humic acid, ana amfani da MiZax a cikin ƙananan ƙananan yawa (matakin micromolar ko milligram) kuma tasirin tasiri ya fi bayyana.Don haka, muna ƙididdige adadin MiZax3 a kowace aikace-aikacen (daga ƙananan zuwa babban taro): 3, 6 ko 12 g / ha, da adadin MiZx5: 4, 7 ko 13 g / ha, yana sa waɗannan PGRs masu amfani don inganta yawan amfanin gona. .Mai yiwuwa ne sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-29-2024