Sauyin yanayi da saurin karuwar jama'a sun zama manyan ƙalubale ga tsaron abinci a duniya. Wata mafita mai kyau ita ce amfani damasu kula da haɓakar shuka(PGRs) don ƙara yawan amfanin gona da kuma shawo kan mummunan yanayi na noma kamar yanayin hamada. Kwanan nan, carotenoid zaxinone da biyu daga cikin makamantansu (MiZax3 da MiZax5) sun nuna kyakkyawan aiki mai haɓaka ci gaba a cikin amfanin gona na hatsi da kayan lambu a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse da gona. A nan, mun ƙara bincika tasirin yawan MiZax3 da MiZax5 daban-daban (5 μM da 10 μM a cikin 2021; 2.5 μM da 5 μM a cikin 2022) akan girma da yawan amfanin gona na kayan lambu guda biyu masu daraja a Cambodia: dankali da strawberry na Saudi Arabia. Arabia. A cikin gwaje-gwaje biyar na gona masu zaman kansu daga 2021 zuwa 2022, amfani da MiZax duka sun inganta halayen noma na shuka, abubuwan da aka samar da amfanin gona da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa gabaɗaya. Ya kamata a lura cewa ana amfani da MiZax a cikin ƙananan allurai fiye da humic acid (wani sinadari na kasuwanci da ake amfani da shi sosai wanda ake amfani da shi a nan don kwatantawa). Saboda haka, sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa MiZax wani tsari ne mai matuƙar kyau na kula da haɓakar shuke-shuke wanda za a iya amfani da shi don ƙarfafa girma da yawan amfanin gona na kayan lambu ko da a cikin yanayin hamada da kuma a cikin ƙarancin yawan amfanin gona.
A cewar Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO), tsarin samar da abinci dole ne ya ninka sau uku nan da shekarar 2050 domin ciyar da yawan jama'a a duniya da ke karuwa (FAO: Duniya za ta bukaci karin abinci da kashi 70% nan da shekarar 20501). A gaskiya ma, saurin karuwar jama'a, gurɓataccen yanayi, motsin kwari da kuma musamman yanayin zafi mai tsanani da fari da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa duk kalubale ne da ke fuskantar tsaron abinci a duniya2. A wannan fanni, kara yawan amfanin gona na amfanin gona a cikin yanayi mara kyau yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin magance wannan matsala. Duk da haka, girman shuka da ci gabansa ya dogara ne da samuwar sinadarai masu gina jiki a cikin kasa kuma yana da matukar wahala sakamakon abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, ciki har da fari, gishiri ko damuwa ta kwayoyin halitta3,4,5. Waɗannan damuwa na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiya da ci gaban amfanin gona kuma a karshe suna haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin gona6. Bugu da kari, karancin albarkatun ruwa mai tsafta yana yin tasiri ga ban ruwa na amfanin gona, yayin da sauyin yanayi na duniya ke rage yankin filayen noma da abubuwan da suka faru kamar raƙuman zafi suna rage yawan amfanin gona7,8. Yawan zafin jiki ya zama ruwan dare a sassa da dama na duniya, ciki har da Saudiyya. Amfani da biostimulants ko masu kula da girmar shuka (PGRs) yana da amfani wajen rage zagayowar girma da kuma haɓaka yawan amfanin gona. Yana iya inganta juriyar amfanin gona da kuma ba wa shuke-shuke damar jure wa yanayin girma mara kyau9. A wannan fanni, ana iya amfani da biostimulants da masu kula da girmar shuka a cikin mafi kyawun taro don inganta girma da yawan aiki na shuka10,11.
Carotenoids tetraterpenoids ne waɗanda kuma suke aiki a matsayin abubuwan da suka fara samar da phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) da strigolactone (SL)12,13,14, da kuma waɗanda aka gano kwanan nan a matsayin masu daidaita girma zaxinone, anorene da cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19. Duk da haka, yawancin metabolites na ainihi, gami da abubuwan da suka samo asali daga carotenoid, suna da ƙarancin tushen halitta da/ko kuma ba su da ƙarfi, wanda hakan ke sa amfani da su kai tsaye a wannan fanni ya zama da wahala. Don haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an haɓaka kuma an gwada wasu analogues/mimetics na ABA da SL don amfanin gona20,21,22,23,24,25. Hakazalika, kwanan nan mun ƙirƙiri mimetics na zaxinone (MiZax), wani metabolite mai haɓaka girma wanda zai iya yin tasirinsa ta hanyar haɓaka metabolism na sukari da kuma daidaita homeostasis na SL a cikin tushen shinkafa19,26. Kwaikwayon zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) da MiZax5 (tsarin sinadarai da aka nuna a Hoto na 1A) sun nuna ayyukan halittu kamar zaxinone a cikin shuke-shuken shinkafa na daji da aka noma ta hanyar hydroponics da kuma a cikin ƙasa26. Bugu da ƙari, maganin tumatir, dabino, barkono kore da kabewa tare da zaxinone, MiZax3 da MiZx5 sun inganta girma da yawan amfanin shuke-shuke, watau, yawan amfanin barkono da inganci, a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse da buɗe fili, yana nuna rawar da suke takawa a matsayin masu motsa jiki da amfani da PGR27. Abin sha'awa, MiZax3 da MiZax5 sun kuma inganta jure gishirin barkono kore da aka noma a ƙarƙashin yanayin gishiri mai yawa, kuma MiZax3 ya ƙara yawan zinc na 'ya'yan itatuwa lokacin da aka lulluɓe su da tsarin ƙarfe mai ɗauke da zinc7,28.
(A) Tsarin sinadarai na MiZax3 da MiZax5. (B) Tasirin fesa ganyen MZ3 da MZ5 a yawan 5 µM da 10 µM akan tsire-tsire na dankali a ƙarƙashin yanayin fili. Gwajin zai gudana a cikin 2021. An gabatar da bayanai a matsayin matsakaicin ± SD. n≥15. An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambanci na hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin Tukey bayan hoc. Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayon (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
A cikin wannan aikin, mun kimanta MiZax (MiZax3 da MiZax5) a cikin yawan ganye uku (5 µM da 10 µM a cikin 2021 da 2.5 µM da 5 µM a cikin 2022) kuma muka kwatanta su da dankali (Solanum tuberosum L). An kwatanta mai kula da haɓakar kasuwanci humic acid (HA) da strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) a cikin gwaje-gwajen greenhouse na strawberry a cikin 2021 da 2022 da kuma a cikin gwaje-gwaje huɗu na gona a Masarautar Saudiyya, yankin yanayi na hamada na yau da kullun. Duk da cewa HA wani abu ne mai motsa jiki wanda ake amfani da shi sosai tare da tasirin amfani da yawa, gami da ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa da haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona ta hanyar daidaita yanayin hormonal, sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa MiZax ya fi HA.
An sayi ƙwayayen dankali na nau'in Diamond daga Jabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An sayi ƙwayayen iri biyu na strawberry "Sweet Charlie" da "Festival" da humic acid daga Kamfanin Modern Agritech, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Duk kayan shuka da aka yi amfani da su a wannan aikin sun yi daidai da Bayanin Manufofin IUCN kan Bincike da Ya Shafi Nau'ikan Dabbobi Masu Fuskantar Barazana da Yarjejeniyar Ciniki a Nau'ikan Dabbobi Masu Fuskantar Barazana na Daji da Fure.
Wurin gwajin yana cikin Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E). Ƙasa tana da yashi, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130. An nuna halayen ƙasa a cikin Tebur na Ƙarin S1.
An raba tsire-tsire uku na strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) a matakin ganyen gaske zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku don tantance tasirin feshin ganye da 10 μM MiZax3 da MiZax5 akan halayen girma da lokacin fure a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse. An yi amfani da feshin ganye da ruwa (wanda ke ɗauke da 0.1% acetone) azaman maganin ƙira. An yi feshin ganyen MiZax sau 7 a tazara ta mako guda. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje guda biyu masu zaman kansu a ranakun 15 da 28 ga Satumba, 2021, bi da bi. Yawan farko na kowane mahaɗi shine 50 ml sannan a hankali ya ƙaru zuwa kashi na ƙarshe na 250 ml. Tsawon makonni biyu a jere, an rubuta adadin tsire-tsire masu fure kowace rana kuma an ƙididdige yawan fure a farkon mako na huɗu. Don tantance halayen girma, an auna adadin ganye, nauyin shuka sabo da busasshe, jimlar yankin ganye, da adadin stolons a kowace shuka a ƙarshen matakin girma da kuma a farkon matakin haihuwa. An auna yankin ganyen ta amfani da na'urar auna yankin ganyen kuma an busar da sabbin samfura a cikin tanda a digiri 100 na Celsius na tsawon awanni 48.
An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje guda biyu a gonaki: noma da wuri da kuma a makare. Ana shuka ƙwayayen dankali na nau'in "Diamant" a watan Nuwamba da Fabrairu, tare da lokutan nuna farkon da kuma na ƙarshen, bi da bi. Ana amfani da biostimulants (MiZax-3 da -5) a cikin yawan 5.0 da 10.0 µM (2021) da 2.5 da 5.0 µM (2022). Fesa humic acid (HA) 1 g/l sau 8 a mako. An yi amfani da ruwa ko acetone a matsayin maganin rashin kyau. An nuna ƙirar gwajin filin a cikin (Karin Hoto na S1). An yi amfani da ƙirar tubalan da bazuwar (RCBD) tare da yankin fili na 2.5 m × 3.0 m don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen filin. An maimaita kowace magani sau uku a matsayin kwafi mai zaman kansa. Nisa tsakanin kowane fili shine 1.0 m, kuma nisan da ke tsakanin kowane tubali shine 2.0 m. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai shine 0.6 m, nisan da ke tsakanin layuka shine 1 m. Ana ba wa shuke-shuken dankalin ruwa kowace rana ta hanyar digo a cikin adadin lita 3.4 a kowace digo. Tsarin yana aiki sau biyu a rana na tsawon mintuna 10 a kowane lokaci don samar da ruwa ga shuke-shuken. An yi amfani da duk hanyoyin da aka ba da shawarar agrotechnical don noman dankali a lokacin fari. An auna tsawon shuka (cm), adadin rassan kowace shuka, yawan amfanin dankalin da aka shuka, da ingancin tuber ta amfani da dabarun da aka saba.
An gwada iri-iri na nau'ikan strawberry guda biyu (Sweet Charlie da Festival) a ƙarƙashin yanayin filin. An yi amfani da sinadarai masu motsa jiki (MiZax-3 da -5) a matsayin feshin ganye a yawan 5.0 da 10.0 µM (2021) da 2.5 da 5.0 µM (2022) sau takwas a mako. Yi amfani da g 1 na HA a kowace lita a matsayin feshin foliar a layi ɗaya da MiZax-3 da -5, tare da cakuda sarrafa H2O ko acetone a matsayin maganin hana cutarwa. An dasa tsire-tsire na strawberry a cikin fili mai girman 2.5 x 3 m a farkon Nuwamba tare da tazarar shuka na 0.6 m da tazarar layi na 1 m. An gudanar da gwajin a RCBD kuma an maimaita shi sau uku. An shayar da tsire-tsire na tsawon mintuna 10 kowace rana da ƙarfe 7:00 da 17:00 ta amfani da tsarin ban ruwa mai ɗauke da digo-digo wanda aka raba shi da mita 0.6 kuma yana da ƙarfin lita 3.4. An auna sassan fasahar noma da sigogin yawan amfanin ƙasa a lokacin shuka. An tantance ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa, ciki har da TSS (%), bitamin C32, acidity da kuma jimillar sinadaran phenolic33 a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Physiology and Technology na Jami'ar King Abdulaziz.
Ana bayyana bayanai a matsayin ma'ana kuma ana bayyana bambance-bambancen a matsayin karkacewa na yau da kullun. An ƙayyade mahimmancin ƙididdiga ta amfani da ANOVA na hanya ɗaya (ANOVA na hanya ɗaya) ko ANOVA na hanya biyu ta amfani da gwajin kwatantawa da yawa na Tukey ta amfani da matakin yuwuwar p < 0.05 ko gwajin t na ɗalibi mai wutsiya biyu don gano manyan bambance-bambance (*p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). An yi duk fassarar ƙididdiga ta amfani da sigar GraphPad Prism 8.3.0. An gwada alaƙa ta amfani da babban nazarin sassan (PCA), hanyar ƙididdiga mai bambance-bambance da yawa, ta amfani da fakitin R 34.
A cikin wani rahoto da ya gabata, mun nuna ayyukan haɓaka girma na MiZax a yawan μM 5 da 10 a cikin tsire-tsire na lambu kuma mun inganta alamar chlorophyll a cikin Gwajin Shuke-shuke na Ƙasa (SPAD)27. Dangane da waɗannan sakamakon, mun yi amfani da irin wannan yawan don tantance tasirin MiZax akan dankali, wani muhimmin amfanin gona na duniya, a cikin gwaje-gwajen gona a cikin yanayin hamada a cikin 2021. Musamman, muna da sha'awar gwada ko MiZax zai iya ƙara tarin sitaci, samfurin ƙarshe na photosynthesis. Gabaɗaya, amfani da MiZax ya inganta haɓakar tsire-tsire na dankali idan aka kwatanta da humic acid (HA), wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwa a tsayin shuka, biomass da adadin rassan (Hoto na 1B). Bugu da ƙari, mun lura cewa 5 μM MiZax3 da MiZax5 suna da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan ƙara tsayin shuka, adadin rassan, da biomass na shuka idan aka kwatanta da 10 μM (Hoto na 1B). Tare da ingantaccen girma, MiZax kuma ya ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda aka auna ta hanyar adadin da nauyin tubers da aka girbe. Tasirin amfani gaba ɗaya bai bayyana ba lokacin da aka ba da MiZax a cikin yawan μM 10, wanda ke nuna cewa ya kamata a ba da waɗannan mahaɗan a cikin yawan da ke ƙasa da wannan (Hoto na 1B). Bugu da ƙari, ba mu lura da wani bambanci ba a cikin duk sigogin da aka rubuta tsakanin maganin acetone (mock) da ruwa (control), yana nuna cewa tasirin gyaran girma da aka lura ba ya samo asali ne daga sinadarin narkewar abinci ba, wanda ya yi daidai da rahotonmu na baya27.
Tunda lokacin noman dankali a Saudiyya ya ƙunshi farkon balaga da kuma ƙarshen lokacin, mun gudanar da wani bincike na biyu a fannin a shekarar 2022 ta amfani da ƙarancin yawan (2.5 da 5 µM) a cikin yanayi biyu don kimanta tasirin yanayi na filayen buɗewa (Hoto na Ƙarin S2A). Kamar yadda aka zata, duka aikace-aikacen MiZax 5 μM sun samar da tasirin haɓaka girma kama da gwajin farko: ƙaruwar tsayin shuka, ƙaruwar rassanta, ƙaruwar biomass, da ƙaruwar adadin tuber (Hoto na 2; Hoto na Ƙarin S3). Abu mafi mahimmanci, mun lura da tasirin waɗannan PGRs a yawan 2.5 μM, yayin da maganin GA bai nuna tasirin da aka annabta ba. Wannan sakamakon ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da MiZax ko da a ƙananan yawan da aka yi tsammani. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da MiZax ya kuma ƙara tsawon da faɗin tubers (Hoto na Ƙarin S2B). Mun kuma sami ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin nauyin tuber, amma yawan 2.5 µM an yi amfani da shi ne kawai a cikin lokutan shuka biyu;
An gudanar da kimantawar yanayin tsirrai na tasirin MiZax akan tsire-tsire masu girma da wuri a filin KAU, a shekarar 2022. Bayanai suna wakiltar matsakaicin karkacewar ± daidaitacce. n≥15. An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambanci na hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin Tukey bayan hoc. Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayon (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Domin fahimtar tasirin magani (T) da shekara (Y) sosai, an yi amfani da ANOVA mai hanyoyi biyu don bincika hulɗarsu (T x Y). Duk da cewa duk masu haɓaka sinadarai (T) sun ƙara tsayin shukar dankali da biomass sosai, MiZax3 da MiZax5 ne kawai suka ƙara yawan tuber da nauyi sosai, wanda ke nuna cewa martanin tuber dankali ga MiZax guda biyu sun yi kama da juna (Hoto na 3)). Bugu da ƙari, a farkon kakar wasa yanayi (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) yana ƙara zafi (matsakaicin 28 °C da danshi 52% (2022), wanda hakan ke rage yawan tuber biomass gaba ɗaya (Hoto na 2; Ƙarin Hoto na S3).
Yi nazarin tasirin maganin 5 µm (T), shekara (Y) da hulɗarsu (T x Y) akan dankali. Bayanai suna wakiltar matsakaicin karkacewar ± daidaitacce. n ≥ 30. An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambance-bambancen hanyoyi biyu (ANOVA). Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayon (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Duk da haka, maganin Myzax har yanzu yana ƙarfafa ci gaban shuke-shuken da suka girma a ƙarshen lokacin. Gabaɗaya, gwaje-gwajenmu guda uku masu zaman kansu sun nuna babu shakka cewa amfani da MiZax yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tsarin shuke-shuke ta hanyar ƙara yawan rassan. A gaskiya ma, akwai tasiri mai mahimmanci tsakanin (T) da (Y) akan adadin rassan bayan maganin MiZax (Hoto na 3). Wannan sakamakon ya yi daidai da ayyukansu a matsayin masu daidaita yanayin strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26. Bugu da ƙari, mun nuna a baya cewa maganin Zaxinone yana haifar da tarin sitaci a cikin tushen shinkafa35, wanda zai iya bayyana ƙaruwar girma da nauyin tubers na dankalin turawa bayan maganin MiZax, tunda tubers galibi sun ƙunshi sitaci.
Gonar 'ya'yan itace muhimmin shukar tattalin arziki ne. Strawberries suna da saurin kamuwa da yanayin damuwa kamar fari da zafi mai yawa. Saboda haka, mun binciki tasirin MiZax akan strawberries ta hanyar fesa ganyen. Da farko mun samar da MiZax a cikin adadin 10 µM don kimanta tasirinsa akan girmar strawberry (bikin noma). Abin sha'awa, mun lura cewa MiZax3 ya ƙara yawan stolons sosai, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙaruwar rassan, yayin da MiZax5 ya inganta saurin fure, biomass na shuka, da yankin ganye a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse (Karin Hoto na S4), yana nuna cewa waɗannan mahadi guda biyu na iya bambanta a fannin halitta. Abubuwan da suka faru 26,27. Don ƙarin fahimtar tasirinsu akan strawberries a ƙarƙashin yanayin noma na gaske, mun gudanar da gwaje-gwajen gona ta amfani da MiZax 5 da 10 μM ga tsire-tsire na strawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie) da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai rabin yashi a cikin 2021 (hoto na S5A). Idan aka kwatanta da GC, ba mu lura da ƙaruwar biomass na shuka ba, amma mun sami yanayin ƙaruwar adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa (Hoto na C6A-B). Duk da haka, amfani da MiZax ya haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin nauyin 'ya'yan itace guda ɗaya kuma ya nuna cewa akwai dogaro da yawan mai (Hoto na Ƙarin S5B; Hoto na Ƙarin S6B), yana nuna tasirin waɗannan masu kula da haɓakar shuke-shuke akan ingancin 'ya'yan itacen strawberry lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a ƙarƙashin yanayin hamada.
Domin fahimtar ko tasirin haɓaka girma ya dogara da nau'in iri, mun zaɓi nau'ikan strawberry guda biyu na kasuwanci a Saudiyya (Sweet Charlie da Festival) kuma mun gudanar da bincike biyu a fannin a shekarar 2022 ta amfani da ƙarancin yawan MiZax (2.5 da 5 µM). Ga Sweet Charlie, kodayake jimlar adadin 'ya'yan itacen bai ƙaru sosai ba, yawan 'ya'yan itacen ya fi yawa ga shuke-shuken da aka yi wa magani da MiZax, kuma adadin 'ya'yan itacen a kowane fili ya ƙaru bayan maganin MiZax3 (Hoto na 4). Waɗannan bayanai sun ƙara nuna cewa ayyukan halittu na MiZax3 da MiZax5 na iya bambanta. Bugu da ƙari, bayan magani da Myzax, mun lura da ƙaruwar nauyin sabbin tsirrai da busassun, da kuma tsawon harbe-harben shuke-shuke. Dangane da adadin stolons da sabbin shuke-shuke, mun sami ƙaruwa ne kawai a MiZax 5 μM (Hoto na 4), wanda ke nuna cewa daidaitaccen haɗin MiZax ya dogara ne akan nau'in shuka.
Tasirin MiZax akan tsarin shuka da yawan amfanin strawberry (irin Sweet Charlie) daga filayen KAU, wanda aka gudanar a shekarar 2022. Bayanai suna wakiltar matsakaicin karkacewar ± na yau da kullun. n ≥ 15, amma an ƙididdige adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa a kowane fili a matsakaici daga shuke-shuke 15 daga filaye uku (n = 3). An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambanci na hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin Tukey bayan hoc ko gwajin t na ɗalibi mai wutsiya biyu. Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayon (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Mun kuma lura da irin wannan aikin da ke ƙara haɓaka girma dangane da nauyin 'ya'yan itace da kuma yanayin tsirrai a cikin strawberries na nau'in bikin (Hoto na 5), duk da haka, ba mu sami manyan bambance-bambance a cikin jimlar adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa a kowace shuka ko a kowane fili ba (Hoto na 5); . Abin sha'awa, amfani da MiZax ya ƙara tsawon shuka da adadin stolons, yana nuna cewa ana iya amfani da waɗannan masu daidaita girman shuka don inganta girman amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace (Hoto na 5). Bugu da ƙari, mun auna sigogi da yawa na sinadarai don fahimtar ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa na nau'ikan biyu da aka tattara daga gona, amma ba mu sami wani bambanci tsakanin duk magunguna ba (Hoto na Ƙarin S7; Hoto na Ƙarin S8).
Tasirin MiZax akan tsarin shuka da yawan amfanin strawberry a filin KAU (Irin Biki), 2022. Bayanai matsakaici ne ± karkacewar da aka saba. n ≥ 15, amma an ƙididdige adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa a kowane fili a matsakaici daga shuke-shuke 15 daga cikin fili uku (n = 3). An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambanci na hanya ɗaya (ANOVA) da gwajin Tukey bayan hoc ko gwajin t na ɗalibi mai wutsiya biyu. Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayon (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
A cikin bincikenmu kan strawberries, ayyukan halittu na MiZax3 da MiZax5 sun bambanta. Da farko mun duba tasirin magani (T) da shekara (Y) akan nau'in iri ɗaya (Sweet Charlie) ta amfani da ANOVA mai hanyoyi biyu don tantance hulɗarsu (T x Y). Don haka, GA ba ta da wani tasiri a kan nau'in strawberry (Sweet Charlie), yayin da MiZax3 da MiZax5 5 μM sun ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin shuke-shuke da 'ya'yan itatuwa sosai (Hoto na 6), wanda ke nuna cewa hulɗar hanyoyi biyu na MiZax biyu suna da kama sosai a cikin haɓaka amfanin gona na strawberry.
Kimanta tasirin maganin 5 µM (T), shekara (Y) da hulɗarsu (T x Y) akan strawberries (cv. Sweet Charlie). Bayanai suna wakiltar matsakaicin ± karkacewar daidaito. n ≥ 30. An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambance-bambancen hanyoyi biyu (ANOVA). Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayo (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Bugu da ƙari, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa aikin MiZax akan nau'ikan guda biyu ya ɗan bambanta (Hoto na 4; Hoto na 5), mun yi amfani da ANOVA mai kwatantawa (T) da nau'ikan guda biyu (C). Da farko, babu wani magani da ya shafi adadin 'ya'yan itace a kowane fili (Hoto na 7), yana nuna babu wata muhimmiyar hulɗa tsakanin (T x C) kuma yana nuna cewa MiZax ko HA ba su da gudummawa ga jimlar adadin 'ya'yan itace. Sabanin haka, MiZax (amma ba HA ba) ya ƙara nauyin shuka, nauyin 'ya'yan itace, stolons da sabbin shuke-shuke sosai (Hoto na 7), yana nuna cewa MiZax3 da MiZax5 suna haɓaka haɓakar nau'ikan nau'ikan strawberry daban-daban. Dangane da ANOVA mai hanyoyi biyu (T x Y) da (T x C), za mu iya kammala da cewa ayyukan haɓaka girma na MiZax3 da MiZax5 a ƙarƙashin yanayin filin suna da kama da juna kuma suna da daidaito.
Kimanta maganin strawberry da 5 µM (T), nau'i biyu (C) da hulɗarsu (T x C). Bayanai suna wakiltar matsakaicin karkacewar ± na yau da kullun. n ≥ 30, amma an ƙididdige adadin 'ya'yan itatuwa a kowane fili a matsakaici daga tsire-tsire 15 daga cikin filaye uku (n = 6). An gudanar da nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da nazarin bambance-bambancen hanyoyi biyu (ANOVA). Taurari suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kwaikwayon (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, ba mai mahimmanci ba). HA – humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
A ƙarshe, mun yi amfani da babban nazarin sassan (PCA) don tantance tasirin mahaɗan da aka yi amfani da su akan dankali (T x Y) da strawberries (T x C). Waɗannan alkaluma sun nuna cewa maganin HA yayi kama da acetone a cikin dankali ko ruwa a cikin strawberries (Hoto na 8), yana nuna ƙaramin tasiri mai kyau akan girman shuka. Abin sha'awa, tasirin MiZax3 da MiZax5 gabaɗaya sun nuna rarraba iri ɗaya a cikin dankali (Hoto na 8A), yayin da rarraba waɗannan mahaɗan guda biyu a cikin strawberries ya bambanta (Hoto na 8B). Kodayake MiZax3 da MiZax5 sun nuna rarraba mai kyau a cikin girman shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa, nazarin PCA ya nuna cewa ayyukan daidaita girma suma na iya dogara ne akan nau'ikan shuka.
Babban nazarin sassan (PCA) na (A) dankali (T x Y) da (B) strawberries (T x C). Zane-zanen maki ga ƙungiyoyin biyu. Layin da ke haɗa kowane sashi yana kaiwa ga tsakiyar tarin.
A taƙaice, bisa ga bincikenmu guda biyar masu zaman kansu kan amfanin gona guda biyu masu daraja kuma sun yi daidai da rahotanninmu na baya daga 2020 zuwa 202226,27, MiZax3 da MiZax5 suna da alƙawarin daidaita girman shuka wanda zai iya inganta girma da yawan amfanin gona., gami da hatsi, tsire-tsire masu itace (kwakwa) da amfanin 'ya'yan itatuwa na lambu26,27. Duk da cewa hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta fiye da ayyukan halittunsu ba su da tabbas, suna da babban damar amfani da su a gona. Mafi kyau duka, idan aka kwatanta da humic acid, ana amfani da MiZax a ƙananan adadi (matakin micromolar ko milligram) kuma tasirin da ke da kyau ya fi bayyana. Don haka, muna kimanta yawan MiZax3 a kowace amfani (daga ƙaramin taro zuwa babban taro): 3, 6 ko 12 g/ha, da kuma yawan MiZx5: 4, 7 ko 13 g/ha, wanda hakan ke sa waɗannan PGRs su zama masu amfani don inganta yawan amfanin gona. Ana iya yin hakan sosai.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-29-2024