(Sai da magungunan kashe qwari, Yuli 8, 2024) Da fatan za a gabatar da sharhi zuwa Laraba, Yuli 31, 2024. Acephate maganin kashe kwari ne na dangin organophosphate (OP) mai guba kuma yana da guba sosai har Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ba da shawarar hana shi sai dai tsarin gudanarwa ga bishiyoyi.Lokacin sharhi yanzu ya buɗe, kuma EPA za ta karɓi tsokaci har zuwa Laraba, 31 ga Yuli, bayan tsawaita wa'adin Yuli.A cikin wannan sauran yanayin amfani, EPA ta kasance ba ta san cewa tsarin neonicotinoid bamagungunan kashe qwarina iya haifar da mummunar cutar da muhalli ga halittu ta hanyar guba ba tare da wani bambanci ba.
>> Buga sharhi game da acephate kuma ku gaya wa EPA cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ba idan ana iya samar da amfanin gona ta jiki.
EPA tana ba da shawarar dakatar da duk wani amfani da acephate, sai dai alluran bishiya, don kawar da duk haɗarin da ta gano wanda ya wuce matakin damuwarsa game da abinci/ ruwan sha, haɗarin zama da na sana'a, da kuma haɗarin ilimin halitta marasa manufa.kasada.Bayan magungunan kashe qwari sun lura cewa yayin da hanyar allurar bishiyar ba ta haifar da haɗarin abinci mai yawa ko haɗarin kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya, kuma ba ta haifar da wata illa ta sana'a ko lafiyar ɗan adam bayan amfani da ita, hukumar ta yi watsi da manyan haɗarin muhalli.Hukumar ba ta tantance haɗarin muhalli na yin amfani da allurar itace ba, amma a maimakon haka ta ɗauka cewa yin amfani da shi ba ya haifar da babban haɗari ga ƙwayoyin da ba su da manufa.Sabanin haka, yin amfani da allurar itace yana haifar da haɗari mai tsanani ga masu pollinators da wasu nau'in tsuntsaye waɗanda ba za a iya rage su ba don haka ya kamata a haɗa su cikin janyewar acephate.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin bishiyoyi, ana allurar magungunan kashe qwari kai tsaye a cikin akwati, da sauri kuma a rarraba a cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini.Saboda acephate da rushewar samfurin methamidophos sune magungunan kashe qwari masu narkewa sosai, ana isar da wannan sinadari zuwa dukkan sassan bishiyar, gami da pollen, sap, resin, ganye da sauransu.Kudan zuma da wasu tsuntsaye irin su hummingbirds, woodpeckers, sapsuckers, vines, nuthatches, chickadees, da dai sauransu na iya fallasa tarkace daga bishiyoyin da aka yiwa allurar acephate.Ana fallasa kudan zuma ba kawai lokacin tattara gurɓataccen pollen ba, har ma lokacin tattara ruwan 'ya'yan itace da guduro da ake amfani da su don samar da propolis mai mahimmancin hive.Hakazalika, tsuntsaye za su iya fallasa su ga ragowar acephate/metamidophos mai guba lokacin da suke ciyar da gurbataccen ruwan itacen itace, kwari / tsutsa masu banƙyama na itace, da kwari masu lalata ganye.
Kodayake bayanai sun iyakance, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta ƙaddara cewa amfani da acephate na iya haifar da haɗari ga ƙudan zuma.Duk da haka, ba a ba da rahoton cikakken tsarin nazarin pollinator akan acephate ko methamidophos ba, don haka babu bayanai game da matsananciyar baki, babba, ko tsutsa ga ƙudan zuma;Waɗannan gibin bayanai suna ba da babbar rashin tabbas a cikin kimanta tasirin acephate akan masu pollinators, kamar yadda mai rauni na iya bambanta ta matakin rayuwa da tsawon lokacin fallasa (manya da tsutsa da matsananciyar cuta, bi da bi).Abubuwan da ba su da kyau tare da dalili da tasiri mai yiwuwa kuma mai yiwuwa, gami da mutuwar kudan zuma, an danganta su da bayyanar kudan zuma ga acephate da/ko methamidophos.Yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa allurar acephate a cikin bishiyoyi baya rage haɗarin ƙudan zuma idan aka kwatanta da jiyya na foliar, amma yana iya ƙara haɓakawa idan aka yi la'akari da mafi girman alluran allura a cikin bishiyar, ta haka yana ƙara haɗarin guba.Hukumar ta ba da sanarwar haɗarin pollinator don allurar bishiyar da ta ce, “Wannan samfurin yana da guba sosai ga kudan zuma.Wannan bayanin lakabin bai isa ba don kare ƙudan zuma da sauran halittu ko kuma don isar da tsananin haɗarin. "
Ba a yi cikakken kimanta haɗarin yin amfani da acetate da hanyoyin allurar itace ba don nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari.Kafin kammala nazarin rajistar acephate, EPA dole ne ta kammala tantance nau'ikan da aka jera da duk wani shawarwarin da ya dace tare da Ma'aikatar Kifi da namun daji na Amurka da Hukumar Kifi ta Ruwa ta Kasa, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga jerin tsuntsaye da nau'in kwari da waɗannan nau'ikan tsuntsaye da kwari. .a yi amfani da bishiyar da aka yi musu allura don yin kiwo, kiwo da yin gida.
A cikin 2015, hukumar ta kammala cikakken nazari na endocrin disruptor acephates kuma ta yanke shawarar cewa ba a buƙatar ƙarin bayanai don kimanta tasirin tasirin estrogen, androgen, ko hanyoyin thyroid a cikin mutane ko namun daji.Duk da haka, bayanan kwanan nan sun nuna cewa endocrin da ke rushe yuwuwar acephate da lalacewar methamidophos ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba mai karɓa ba na iya zama damuwa, sabili da haka EPA yakamata ta sabunta kimantawar endocrin ta rushe haɗarin acephate.
Bugu da kari, a cikin kimanta ingancinta, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta kammala da cewa amfanin allurar acetate wajen sarrafa kwarin bishiyar gaba daya kadan ne saboda wasu hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su ga mafi yawan kwari.Don haka, babban haɗari ga ƙudan zuma da tsuntsaye masu alaƙa da kula da bishiyoyi tare da acephate bai dace ba daga hangen nesa mai fa'ida.
> Buga sharhi akan acephate kuma ku gaya wa EPA cewa idan ana iya noman amfanin gona ta jiki, bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ba.
Duk da ba da fifikon bita na magungunan kashe qwari na organophosphate, EPA ta gaza ɗaukar mataki don kare waɗanda suka fi rauni ga tasirin su na neurotoxic-manoma da yara.A cikin 2021, Adalci na Duniya da sauran ƙungiyoyi sun nemi Hukumar Kare Muhalli da ta soke rajistar waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari.A wannan bazara, Rahoton Masu amfani (CR) sun gudanar da bincike mafi mahimmanci har yanzu game da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin samarwa, gano cewa fallasa ga manyan ƙungiyoyin sinadarai guda biyu - organophosphates da carbamate - shine mafi haɗari, kuma yana da alaƙa da haɗarin cutar kansa, ciwon sukari da ƙari. cututtukan zuciya.cuta.Dangane da waɗannan binciken, CR ya nemi Hukumar Kare Muhalli da ta "hana amfani da waɗannan magungunan kashe qwari akan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari."
Baya ga batutuwan da ke sama, EPA ba ta magance rushewar endocrine ba.EPA kuma baya la'akari da yawan jama'a masu rauni, fallasa ga gaurayawan, da hulɗar haɗin gwiwa lokacin saita matakan ragowar abinci masu karɓuwa.Ƙari ga haka, magungunan kashe qwari suna gurɓata ruwanmu da iska, suna cutar da halittu, suna cutar da ma’aikatan gona, suna kashe kudan zuma, tsuntsaye, kifi, da sauran namun daji.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki na USDA baya amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a cikin samarwa.Ragowar magungunan kashe qwari da aka samu a cikin kayan noma, tare da ƴan banban, sakamakon gurɓatawar aikin gona da ba a yi niyya ba ta hanyar sinadarai saboda yaɗuwar magungunan kashe qwari, gurɓatar ruwa, ko ragowar ƙasa.Ba wai kawai samar da abinci mai gina jiki ya fi dacewa da lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli fiye da samar da sinadarai ba, sabon kimiyya kuma yana bayyana abin da masu goyon bayan kwayoyin halitta suka daɗe suna cewa: abinci mai gina jiki ya fi kyau, ban da kasancewar ba ya ƙunshi ragowar guba daga abinci na al'ada. samfurori.Yana da gina jiki kuma baya cutar da mutane ko gurɓata al'ummar da ake noman abinci."
Binciken da Cibiyar Organic ta buga ya nuna cewa abinci mai gina jiki ya fi girma a wasu wurare masu mahimmanci, kamar jimlar ƙarfin antioxidant, jimlar polyphenols, da flavonoids guda biyu, quercetin da kaempferol, duk waɗannan suna da fa'idodin sinadirai.The Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry yayi nazari musamman game da jimillar phenolic abun ciki na blueberries, strawberries, da masara kuma ya gano cewa abinci mai girma na halitta ya ƙunshi babban abun ciki na phenolic.Abubuwan da ake kira phenolic suna da mahimmanci ga lafiyar shuka (kariya daga kwari da cututtuka) da lafiyar ɗan adam saboda suna da "ayyukan antioxidant masu ƙarfi da nau'ikan kayan aikin magunguna, gami da anticancer, antioxidant, da ayyukan hana haɓakar platelet."
Ganin fa'idar samar da kwayoyin halitta, EPA yakamata yayi amfani da samar da kwayoyin halitta a matsayin ma'auni yayin yin la'akari da kasada da fa'idodin magungunan kashe qwari.Idan ana iya shuka amfanin gona ta jiki, bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ba."
>> Yi sharhi akan acephate kuma ku gaya wa EPA cewa idan ana iya shuka amfanin gona ta jiki, bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ba.
An buga wannan shigarwar a ranar Litinin, Yuli 8, 2024 da ƙarfe 12:01 na yamma kuma an shigar da shi ƙarƙashin Acephate, Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA), Take Action, Uncategorized.Kuna iya bin martani ga wannan shigarwa ta hanyar ciyarwar RSS 2.0.Kuna iya tsallakewa zuwa ƙarshe kuma ku bar amsa.Ba a yarda da Ping a wannan lokacin.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-15-2024