(Banda magungunan kashe kwari, 8 ga Yuli, 2024) Da fatan za a gabatar da tsokaci kafin Laraba, 31 ga Yuli, 2024. Acephate maganin kashe kwari ne wanda ke cikin dangin organophosphate (OP) mai guba sosai kuma yana da guba sosai har Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ba da shawarar hana shi sai dai idan an yi amfani da shi a tsarin bishiyoyi. Lokacin sharhi yanzu a bude yake, kuma EPA za ta karɓi tsokaci har zuwa Laraba, 31 ga Yuli, bayan tsawaita wa'adin watan Yuli. A cikin wannan yanayin amfani da ya rage, EPA ba ta san cewa neonicotinoid na tsarin bamagungunan kashe kwarizai iya haifar da mummunar illa ga muhalli ga halittu ta hanyar gubar ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba.
>> Rubuta sharhi game da acephate kuma ka gaya wa EPA cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ba idan ana iya samar da amfanin gona ta hanyar halitta.
EPA tana ba da shawarar dakatar da duk wani amfani da acephate, sai dai allurar bishiyoyi, don kawar da duk wani haɗarin da ta gano wanda ya wuce matakin damuwarta game da abinci/ruwan sha, haɗarin gidaje da na aiki, da kuma haɗarin halittu marasa manufa. Bayan magungunan kashe kwari, an lura cewa yayin da hanyar allurar bishiyoyi ba ta haifar da haɗarin abinci ko lafiyar gabaɗaya ba, kuma ba ta haifar da wata haɗarin aiki ko lafiyar ɗan adam bayan amfani da ita, hukumar ta yi watsi da manyan haɗarin muhalli. Hukumar ba ta tantance haɗarin muhalli na amfani da allurar bishiyoyi ba, amma a maimakon haka ta ɗauka cewa wannan amfani ba ya haifar da babban haɗari ga ƙwayoyin cuta marasa manufa. Sabanin haka, amfani da allurar bishiyoyi yana haifar da babban haɗari ga masu yin fure da wasu nau'ikan tsuntsaye waɗanda ba za a iya rage su ba don haka ya kamata a haɗa su cikin cirewar acephate.
Idan aka yi allurar a cikin bishiyoyi, ana allurar magungunan kashe kwari kai tsaye a cikin gangar jikin, ana sha da sauri kuma ana rarraba su a cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini. Saboda acephate da samfurinsa na methamidephos magungunan kashe kwari ne masu narkewa sosai, ana isar da wannan sinadarin zuwa dukkan sassan bishiyar, gami da pollen, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, resin, ganye da sauransu. Kudan zuma da wasu tsuntsaye kamar hummingbirds, woodpeckers, sapsuckers, inabi, nuthatches, chickadees, da sauransu na iya fuskantar tarkace daga bishiyoyin da aka yi musu allurar acephate. Kudan zuma ba wai kawai suna fuskantar tarkace ba ne, har ma lokacin tattara ruwan 'ya'yan itace da resin da ake amfani da su don samar da propolis mai mahimmanci na kudan zuma. Haka nan, tsuntsaye na iya fuskantar tarkacen acephate/metamidophos masu guba lokacin da suka ci ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu gurbata, kwari masu gundura da itace, da kwari masu cin ganye/tsutsa.
Duk da cewa bayanai sun takaita, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta gano cewa amfani da acephate na iya haifar da haɗari ga ƙudan zuma. Duk da haka, ba a bayar da cikakken rahoto game da nazarin masu yin fure a kan acephate ko methamidephos ba, don haka babu wani bayani game da gubar baki, ta manya ta yau da kullun, ko tsutsa ga ƙudan zuma; Waɗannan gibin bayanai suna nuna rashin tabbas sosai wajen tantance tasirin acephate akan masu yin fure, domin sauƙin kamuwa na iya bambanta dangane da matakin rayuwa da tsawon lokacin fallasa (manya da tsutsa da kuma ta yau da kullun). Abubuwan da suka faru marasa kyau waɗanda ke da yuwuwar dalili da sakamako, gami da mutuwar ƙudan zuma, an danganta su da fallasa kudan zuma ga acephate da/ko methamidephos. Yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa allurar acephate a cikin bishiyoyi ba ya rage haɗarin ga ƙudan zuma idan aka kwatanta da maganin ganye, amma a zahiri yana iya ƙara fallasa idan aka yi la'akari da yawan allurai da aka yi a cikin bishiyar, wanda hakan ke ƙara haɗarin guba. Hukumar ta bayar da sanarwar haɗarin masu yin allurar bishiyoyi da ke cewa, "Wannan samfurin yana da guba sosai ga ƙudan zuma. Wannan bayanin lakabin bai isa ba kwata-kwata don kare ƙudan zuma da sauran halittu ko kuma ya nuna tsananin haɗarin."
Ba a yi cikakken kimanta haɗarin amfani da hanyoyin allurar acetate da bishiyoyi ga nau'ikan da ke fuskantar barazanar ba. Kafin kammala bitar rajistar acephate, EPA dole ne ta kammala kimanta nau'ikan da aka lissafa da duk wani shawarwari da suka wajaba tare da Hukumar Kifi da Namun Daji ta Amurka da Hukumar Kifi ta Ruwa ta Ƙasa, tare da mai da hankali musamman ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da kwari da aka lissafa da waɗannan nau'ikan tsuntsaye da kwari. Yi amfani da bishiyoyin da aka allura don neman abinci, neman abinci da kuma yin gida.
A shekarar 2015, hukumar ta kammala cikakken nazari kan sinadarin acephates mai kawo cikas ga tsarin endocrine kuma ta kammala da cewa ba a buƙatar ƙarin bayanai don tantance tasirin da zai iya yi wa hanyoyin estrogen, androgen, ko thyroid a cikin mutane ko namun daji. Duk da haka, bayanan da aka samu kwanan nan sun nuna cewa tasirin acephate mai kawo cikas ga tsarin endocrine da kuma lalacewar methamidephos ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba su da masu karɓa na iya zama abin damuwa, don haka EPA ya kamata ta sabunta kimantawarta game da haɗarin acephate da ke kawo cikas ga tsarin endocrine.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin kimantawarta game da inganci, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta kammala da cewa fa'idar allurar acetate wajen shawo kan kwari a bishiyoyi gabaɗaya ƙarami ne saboda akwai wasu hanyoyi masu tasiri ga yawancin kwari. Don haka, babban haɗarin da ke tattare da maganin bishiyoyi da acephate ba shi da tushe daga hangen nesa na fa'ida da haɗari.
> Rubuta sharhi kan acephate kuma ka gaya wa EPA cewa idan ana iya noma amfanin gona ta hanyar halitta, bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ba.
Duk da fifita bitar magungunan kashe kwari na organophosphate, EPA ta gaza ɗaukar mataki don kare waɗanda suka fi fuskantar barazanar cutar - manoma da yara. A shekarar 2021, Earthjustice da sauran ƙungiyoyi sun nemi Hukumar Kare Muhalli da ta soke rajistar waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari masu guba a cikin jijiyoyi. A wannan bazara, Rahoton Masu Amfani (CR) ya gudanar da cikakken bincike kan magungunan kashe kwari a cikin amfanin gona, inda ya gano cewa fallasa ga manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na sinadarai - organophosphates da carbamates - shine mafi haɗari, kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansa, ciwon suga da cututtukan zuciya. Dangane da waɗannan binciken, CR ta nemi Hukumar Kare Muhalli da ta "hana amfani da waɗannan magungunan kashe kwari a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu."
Baya ga batutuwan da ke sama, EPA ba ta magance matsalar endocrine ba. EPA kuma ba ta la'akari da yawan jama'a masu rauni, fallasa ga gauraye, da hulɗar haɗin gwiwa yayin da take saita matakan ragowar abinci masu dacewa. Bugu da ƙari, magungunan kashe ƙwari suna gurɓata ruwanmu da iska, suna cutar da bambancin halittu, suna cutar da ma'aikatan gona, kuma suna kashe ƙudan zuma, tsuntsaye, kifi, da sauran namun daji.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa abincin da USDA ta amince da shi ba ya amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu guba a cikin samarwarsa. Ragowar magungunan kashe kwari da ake samu a cikin kayan amfanin gona, ban da kaɗan, sakamakon gurɓatar da amfanin gona mai guba ba tare da an yi niyya ba saboda kwararar magungunan kashe kwari, gurɓatar ruwa, ko ragowar ƙasa a bayan gida. Ba wai kawai samar da abinci mai guba ya fi kyau ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli fiye da samar da sinadarai ba, sabuwar kimiyyar kuma tana bayyana abin da masu goyon bayan kwayoyin halitta suka daɗe suna faɗa: abincin da aka sarrafa ya fi kyau, ban da kasancewarsa ba ya ƙunshe da ragowar guba daga kayayyakin abinci na gargajiya. Yana da gina jiki kuma baya gurɓata mutane ko gurɓata al'ummomin da ake noma abinci.
Binciken da Cibiyar Organic ta buga ya nuna cewa abincin da ke cikin halitta ya fi samun maki a wasu muhimman fannoni, kamar jimlar ƙarfin antioxidant, jimlar polyphenols, da manyan flavonoids guda biyu, quercetin da kaempferol, waɗanda duk suna da fa'idodin abinci mai gina jiki. Mujallar Kimiyyar Abinci ta Noma ta bincika jimillar abubuwan da ke cikin blueberries, strawberries, da masara musamman kuma ta gano cewa abincin da aka noma a cikin halitta ya ƙunshi mafi yawan abubuwan da ke cikin phenolic. Haɗaɗɗun phenolic suna da mahimmanci ga lafiyar shuke-shuke (kariya daga kwari da cututtuka) da lafiyar ɗan adam saboda suna da "ƙarfin aikin antioxidant da kuma nau'ikan kaddarorin magani iri-iri, gami da aikin hana cutar kansa, antioxidant, da platelet aggregation."
Ganin fa'idodin samar da kayan halitta, EPA ya kamata ta yi amfani da samar da kayan halitta a matsayin ma'auni yayin auna haɗari da fa'idodin magungunan kashe kwari. Idan ana iya noma amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da kayan halitta, bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ba.
>> Rubuta sharhi kan acephate kuma ka gaya wa EPA cewa idan ana iya noma amfanin gona ta hanyar halitta, bai kamata a yi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari ba.
An buga wannan rubutun a ranar Litinin, 8 ga Yuli, 2024 da ƙarfe 12:01 na rana kuma an shigar da shi ƙarƙashin Acephate, Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA), Ɗauki Mataki, Ba a Rarraba Ba. Kuna iya bin amsoshin wannan rubutun ta hanyar ciyarwar RSS 2.0. Kuna iya tsallakewa zuwa ƙarshe ku bar amsa. Ba a yarda da Ping a wannan lokacin ba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-15-2024