Masu bincike daga Sashen Biochemistry a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Indiya (IISc) sun gano hanyar da aka daɗe ana nema da tsire-tsire na ƙasa kamar bryophytes (ciki har da mosses da liverworts) dontsara girma shuka– wani tsari wanda kuma aka kiyaye shi a cikin shuke-shuken furanni da aka samu kwanan nan.
Binciken, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar Nature Chemical Biology, yana mai da hankali kan tsarin da ba na al'ada ba na furotin DELLA, mai kula da girma mai girma wanda zai iya hana rarraba tantanin halitta a cikin tsire-tsire masu ciki (tsiran ƙasa).
Debabrata Laha, abokiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin halittu kuma marubucin binciken ya ce "DELLA tana aiki kamar mai saurin gudu, amma idan wannan saurin gudu ya kasance koyaushe, shuka ba zai iya motsawa ba." Don haka, lalacewar sunadaran DELLA yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka haɓakar shuka. A cikin tsire-tsire masu furanni, DELLA ta lalace lokacin da phytohormonegibberellin (GA)yana ɗaure ga mai karɓar sa GID1, yana samar da hadaddun GA-GID1-DELLA. Daga baya, furotin mai dannewa DELLA yana ɗaure zuwa sarƙoƙi na ubiquitin kuma proteasome na 26S ya lalata shi.
Abin sha'awa shine, bryophytes na cikin tsire-tsire na farko da suka yi mulkin mallaka, kimanin shekaru miliyan 500 da suka wuce. Kodayake suna samar da phytohormone gibberellin (GA), ba su da mai karɓar GID1. Wannan ya haifar da tambaya: ta yaya aka tsara girma da bunƙasa waɗannan tsire-tsire na farko?
Masu binciken sun yi amfani da tsarin CRISPR-Cas9 don fitar da kwayar halittar VIH mai dacewa, ta haka ne suka tabbatar da rawar VIH. Tsire-tsire da ba su da aikin VIH enzyme suna nuna girma mai tsanani da lahani na ci gaba da rashin daidaituwa, irin su thallus mai yawa, rashin ci gaban radial, da rashin calyx. An gyara waɗannan lahani ta hanyar gyaggyara kwayoyin halittar shuka don samar da ƙarshen ƙarshen (N-terminus) na VIH enzyme. Yin amfani da fasaha na chromatography na ci gaba, ƙungiyar bincike ta gano cewa N-terminus ya ƙunshi yankin kinase wanda ke haifar da samar da InsP₈.
Masu binciken sun gano cewa DELLA ɗaya ce daga cikin makasudin salon salula na VIH kinase. Bugu da ƙari, sun lura cewa phenotype na tsire-tsire marasa ƙarfi na MpVIH sun yi kama da na Miscanthus multiforme shuke-shuke tare da ƙarar DELLA.
"A wannan matakin, muna ɗokin sanin ko an inganta kwanciyar hankali ko aiki na DELLA a cikin tsire-tsire marasa ƙarfi na MpVIH," in ji Priyanshi Rana, ɗalibin digiri na uku a rukunin bincike na Lahey kuma marubucin farko na takarda. Daidai da hasashensu, masu binciken sun gano cewa hana DELLA ya dawo da girma da lahani na ci gaba a cikin tsire-tsire masu maye gurbin MpVIH. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa VIH kinase yana sarrafa DELLA mara kyau, ta haka yana haɓaka haɓakar shuka da haɓaka.
Masu binciken sun haɗu da kwayoyin halitta, sinadarai, da hanyoyin biophysical don bayyana tsarin da inositol pyrophosphate ke sarrafa bayanin furotin DELLA a cikin wannan bryophyte. Musamman, InsP₈, wanda MpVIH ya samar, yana ɗaure da furotin na MpDELLA, yana haɓaka polyubiquitination, wanda hakan yana haifar da lalatar wannan furotin mai dannewa ta hanyar proteasome.
Bincike kan furotin DELLA ya samo asali ne tun lokacin juyin juya halin koren, lokacin da masana kimiyya cikin rashin sani suka yi amfani da damarsa don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan dwarf masu yawan gaske. Ko da yake ba a san tsarin aikinsa a lokacin ba, fasahohin zamani sun baiwa masana kimiyya damar yin amfani da gyaran kwayoyin halitta don sarrafa aikin wannan furotin, ta yadda za a kara yawan amfanin gona yadda ya kamata.
"Tare da karuwar yawan jama'a da raguwar filayen noma, karuwar amfanin gona ya zama mai mahimmanci," in ji Raha. Ganin cewa lalata DELLA na InsP₈ na iya zama tartsatsi a cikin tsire-tsire masu ciki, wannan binciken zai iya ba da hanya don haɓaka amfanin gona mai girma na zamani na gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-31-2025