Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙwari sun mamaye duniya, amma a shekarun 1950 an kusan kawar da su gaba ɗaya da maganin kwari na dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Daga baya an hana wannan sinadari. Tun daga lokacin, wannan ƙwari na birni ya dawo duniya kuma ya sami juriya ga magungunan kwari da yawa da ake amfani da su don magance su.
Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Mujallar Nazarin Lafiya ya yi cikakken bayani kan yadda wata ƙungiyar bincike daga Virginia Tech, ƙarƙashin jagorancin masanin ilmin halittu na birni Warren Booth, ta gano wani maye gurbi na kwayar halitta wanda zai iya haifar da juriya ga magungunan kashe kwari.
Waɗannan binciken sun kasance sakamakon wani bincike da Booth ta tsara wa ɗalibar da ta kammala karatun digiri Camille Block don haɓaka ƙwarewarta a binciken kwayoyin halitta.
"Wasan kamun kifi ne kawai," in ji Booth, farfesa a fannin nazarin halittu a birane a Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Rayuwa ta Joseph R. da Mary W. Wilson.
Booth, ƙwararre kan kwari a birane, ya riga ya san game da maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na kyankyasai da fararen kwari na Jamus wanda ke ba da juriya ga magungunan kashe kwari. Booth ya ba da shawarar Brooke ya binciki samfurin ƙwari ɗaya daga kowace al'umma 134 daban-daban da wani kamfanin hana kwari na Arewacin Amurka ya tattara tsakanin 2008 da 2022 don tantance ko suna ɗauke da maye gurbin ƙwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙwari biyu daga al'ummomi daban-daban guda biyu suna ɗauke da maye gurbin.
"An yi wannan (ganowar) ne bisa ga samfuran da na samu na ƙarshe guda 24," in ji Block, wanda ke nazarin ilimin halittar halittu kuma memba ne na Invasive Species Collaboration. "Ban taɓa yin nazarin ilimin halittar kwayoyin halitta ba a da, don haka koyon waɗannan ƙwarewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni."
Saboda yawan ƙwari suna da kamanceceniya sosai a cikin kwayoyin halitta, galibi saboda haihuwa, samfurin ɗaya daga kowace al'umma yawanci ya isa ya wakilci dukkan ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, don tabbatar da cewa Brock ya gano sauye-sauyen, Booth ya gwada duk samfuran daga al'ummomin biyu da aka gano.
"Lokacin da muka sake gwada mutane da yawa a cikin al'ummomin biyu, mun gano cewa duk suna ɗauke da wannan maye gurbi," in ji Booth. "Don haka suka zama masu ɗauke da waɗannan maye gurbi, kuma waɗannan maye gurbi iri ɗaya ne da muka samu a cikin kyankyasai na Jamus."
Ta hanyar bincikensa kan kyankyasai na Jamus, Booth ya gano cewa juriyarsu ga magungunan kashe kwari ya samo asali ne daga maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, kuma waɗannan hanyoyin sun dogara ne akan muhalli.
"Akwai wata kwayar halitta da ake kira kwayar halittar Rdl. An same ta a cikin wasu nau'ikan kwari da yawa kuma tana da alaƙa da juriya ga dieldrin na kwari," in ji Booth, wani mai bincike a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Fralin. "Wannan maye gurbi yana nan a cikin dukkan kyankyasai na Jamus. Abin mamaki, ba mu sami ko da mutum ɗaya da ba ya ɗauke da wannan maye gurbi ba."
A cewar Booth, fipronil da dieldrin—duka magungunan kashe kwari da aka tabbatar suna da tasiri a kan kwari a binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje—suna da irin wannan tsarin aiki, don haka a ka'ida, wannan maye gurbi na iya haifar da ci gaban juriya ga magungunan biyu. An haramta Dieldrin tun daga shekarun 1990, amma har yanzu ana amfani da fipronil don maganin ƙuma a jiki ga karnuka da kuliyoyi, ba don maganin ƙwari ba.
Booth yana zargin cewa yawancin masu dabbobin gida waɗanda ke amfani da digo na fipronil don kula da dabbobinsu suna barin kuliyoyi da karnukansu su kwana da su, suna fallasa gadonsu ga ragowar fipronil. Idan ƙwari suka shiga irin wannan yanayi, suna iya haɗuwa da fipronil ba da gangan ba kuma su zama masu haɗarin yaduwar wannan nau'in a cikin jama'a.
"Ba mu san ko wannan sauye-sauyen ya zama sabo ba, ko ya bayyana daga baya, a wannan lokacin, ko kuma ya riga ya kasance a cikin al'umma shekaru 100 da suka gabata," in ji Booth.
Mataki na gaba zai kasance faɗaɗa binciken gano waɗannan sauye-sauye a duk duniya, musamman a Turai, da kuma a cikin nunin kayan tarihi na zamani daban-daban, kamar yadda ƙwari ke wanzuwa sama da shekaru miliyan ɗaya.
A watan Nuwamba na 2024, Booth Labs ya zama dakin gwaje-gwaje na farko da ya yi nasarar tsara dukkan kwayoyin halittar kwaroron gado na gama gari.
"Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka tsara jerin kwayoyin halittar wannan kwari," in ji Booth. "Yanzu da muke da jerin kwayoyin halittar, za mu iya nazarin waɗannan samfuran gidan tarihi."
Booth ya lura cewa matsalar da ke tattare da DNA na gidan tarihi ita ce tana wargajewa zuwa ƙananan gutsuttsura cikin sauri, amma yanzu masu bincike suna da samfuran matakin chromosome waɗanda ke ba su damar cire waɗannan gutsuttsura da daidaita su da waɗannan chromosomes don sake gina kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta.
Booth ya lura cewa dakin gwaje-gwajensa yana aiki tare da kamfanonin hana kwari, don haka aikinsu na tantance kwayoyin halitta zai iya taimaka musu fahimtar yaɗuwar kwari a duniya da kuma hanyoyin kawar da su.
Yanzu da Brock ta ƙware a fannin ilmin halittu, tana farin cikin ci gaba da bincikenta kan juyin halittar birane.
"Ina son juyin halitta. Ina ganin yana da ban sha'awa sosai," in ji Block. "Mutane suna jin alaƙa mai kyau da waɗannan nau'ikan birane, kuma ina ganin ya fi sauƙi a sa mutane su sha'awar ƙwari saboda wataƙila sun taɓa ganinsu da kansu."
Lindsay Myers jami'ar bincike ce ta digirin digirgir a Sashen Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta kuma wata mamba ce a ƙungiyar bincike ta Booth a Virginia Tech.
Virginia Tech, a matsayinta na jami'a ta duniya, wacce gwamnati ke daukar nauyinta, tana nuna tasirinta ta hanyar ci gaba mai dorewa a cikin al'ummominmu, a Virginia, da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-12-2025