Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a cikin 1950s, an kusan kawar da ƙwaro a duk duniya ta hanyar amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta.maganin kashe kwaridichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, wanda aka fi sani da DDT, wani sinadari da aka hana. Duk da haka, tun daga lokacin da kwari na birane suka sake farfadowa a duniya, kuma sun sami juriya ga nau'in maganin kwari da ake amfani da su don magance su.
Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Journal of Medical Entomology yayi cikakken bayani kan yadda wata tawagar bincike daga Virginia Tech, karkashin jagorancin masanin ilmin dabbobin birni Warren Booth, ta gano maye gurbi wanda zai iya haifar da juriyar kwari.
An gano hakan ne sakamakon binciken Booth da aka shirya don ɗalibar Camilla Block don haɓaka ƙwarewarta a cikin binciken kwayoyin.
Booth, wanda ya ƙware a kan kwari a birane, ya daɗe ya lura da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiya na kyankyasai da farar ƙudaje na Jamus wanda ke sa su jure wa magungunan kashe qwari. Booth ya ba da shawarar cewa Block ya ɗauki samfurin kwaron gado ɗaya daga kowane ɗayan 134 daban-daban na bug ɗin gado da kamfanonin sarrafa kwari na Arewacin Amurka suka tattara tsakanin 2008 da 2022 don ganin ko duka suna da maye gurbin kwayar halitta iri ɗaya. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa kwaron gado biyu daga al'ummomi daban-daban guda biyu suna da maye gurbi iri ɗaya.
"Waɗannan su ne ainihin samfurori na 24 na ƙarshe," in ji Bullock, wanda ke nazarin ilimin halittu kuma memba ne na Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru. "Ban taba yin binciken kwayoyin halitta a baya ba, don haka samun duk waɗannan ƙwarewar kwayoyin yana da mahimmanci a gare ni."
Saboda kamuwa da cutar kanjamau sun kasance iri ɗaya ne ta kwayoyin halitta saboda yawan ɗimbin yawa, samfuri ɗaya ne kawai daga kowane samfurin yawanci wakilcin jama'a. Amma Booth ya so ya tabbatar da cewa da gaske Bullock ya sami maye gurbin, don haka sun gwada duk samfuran daga mutanen da aka gano.
Booth ya ce "Lokacin da muka koma muka bincika wasu mutane daga dukkan al'ummomin biyu, mun gano cewa kowane daya daga cikinsu yana dauke da maye gurbin," in ji Booth. "Don haka maye gurbinsu yana daidaitawa, kuma sauye-sauye iri ɗaya ne da muka samu a cikin kyankyasar Jamus."
Ta hanyar nazarin kyanksosai na Jamus, Booth ya koyi cewa tsayin daka ga maganin kwari ya samo asali ne saboda sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta a cikin sel na tsarin juyayi kuma an tsara waɗannan hanyoyin da muhalli.
"Akwai kwayar halitta mai suna Rdl gene. An samo wannan kwayar halitta a cikin wasu nau'in kwari da yawa kuma yana da alaƙa da juriya ga wani maganin kwari da ake kira dieldrin," in ji Booth, wanda kuma yake aiki a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Fralin. "Wannan maye gurbi yana nan a cikin dukan kyankyasai na Jamus. Abin mamaki ne cewa ba mu sami yawan jama'a ba tare da wannan maye gurbin ba."
Fipronil da dieldrin, maganin kashe kwari guda biyu da aka nuna suna da tasiri a kan kwaroron roba a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, suna aiki ta hanyar aiki iri ɗaya, don haka maye gurbi ya sa kwaro ya jure duka biyun, in ji Booth. An dakatar da Dieldrin tun daga shekarun 1990, amma yanzu ana amfani da fipronil don sarrafa ƙuma kawai a kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, ba don kwari ba.
Booth yana zargin cewa yawancin masu mallakar dabbobi da ke amfani da jiyya na fipronil na sama suna ba da damar kuliyoyi da karnuka su kwana tare da su, suna fallasa shimfidarsu ga ragowar fipronil. Idan an shigar da kwarorin gado a cikin irin wannan yanayi, za a iya fallasa su da gangan ga fipronil, sannan za a iya zaɓar maye gurbin ga yawan bug ɗin.
"Ba mu sani ba ko wannan maye gurbi sabo ne, ko ya taso bayan wannan, ko ya tashi a wannan lokacin, ko kuma ya riga ya kasance a cikin al'ummar shekaru 100 da suka wuce," in ji Booth.
Mataki na gaba shi ne fadada bincike da neman wadannan maye gurbi a sassa daban-daban na duniya, musamman a Turai, da kuma a lokuta daban-daban a tsakanin samfuran kayan tarihi, tun lokacin da kwaro ya kwashe sama da shekaru miliyan.
A cikin Nuwamba 2024, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Booth ya yi nasarar tsara dukkan kwayoyin halittar kwaro na gama gari a karon farko.
Booth ya lura cewa matsalar DNA ta gidan kayan gargajiya ita ce ta rushe zuwa ƙananan guntu da sauri, amma yanzu da masu bincike suna da samfuri a matakin chromosome, za su iya ɗaukar waɗannan gutsure kuma su sake daidaita su zuwa chromosomes, sake gina kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta.
Booth ya lura cewa, abokan aikin nasa na dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da kamfanonin sarrafa kwari, don haka aikin tsarin halittarsu zai iya taimaka musu su fahimci inda ake samun kwari a duniya da kuma yadda za su taimaka wajen kawar da su.
Yanzu da Bullock ta inganta fasaharta ta kwayoyin halitta, tana fatan ci gaba da bincike kan juyin halittar birane.
"Ina son juyin halitta. Ina tsammanin yana da ban sha'awa sosai," in ji Block. "Mutane suna haɓaka dangantaka mai zurfi da waɗannan nau'ikan birane, kuma ina tsammanin yana da sauƙi a sa mutane su sha'awar kwaro saboda suna iya danganta su da kansu."
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-13-2025