Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a shekarun 1950, kusan an kawar da kamuwa da ƙwari a duk duniya ta hanyar amfani da maganin kashe ƙwarimaganin kwaridichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, wanda aka fi sani da DDT, wani sinadari da aka haramta tun daga lokacin. Duk da haka, kwari na birane sun sake bulla a duk duniya, kuma sun sami juriya ga nau'ikan kwari da ake amfani da su don magance su.
Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Mujallar Entomology ta Lafiya ya yi cikakken bayani kan yadda wata ƙungiyar bincike daga Virginia Tech, ƙarƙashin jagorancin masanin ƙwayoyin cuta na birni Warren Booth, ta gano sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ka iya haifar da juriya ga ƙwayoyin kwari.
An gano wannan binciken ne sakamakon wani bincike da Booth ta shirya wa dalibar jami'a Camilla Block domin inganta kwarewarta a fannin binciken kwayoyin halitta.
Booth, wanda ya ƙware a fannin kwari a birane, ya daɗe yana lura da sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi na kyankyasai da fararen ƙwari na Jamus wanda ya sa suka zama masu juriya ga magungunan kashe kwari. Booth ya ba da shawarar Block ya ɗauki samfurin ƙwari ɗaya daga kowace ƙwayar cuta 134 daban-daban da kamfanonin hana kwari na Arewacin Amurka suka tattara tsakanin 2008 da 2022 don ganin ko duk suna da sauye-sauyen ƙwayoyin cuta iri ɗaya. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙwari biyu daga cikin al'ummomi daban-daban guda biyu suna da sauye-sauyen ƙwayoyin halitta iri ɗaya.
"Waɗannan su ne samfurana 24 na ƙarshe," in ji Bullock, wanda ke nazarin ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin halitta kuma memba ne na Invasive Species Partnership. "Ban taɓa yin binciken ƙwayoyin halitta ba a da, don haka samun duk waɗannan ƙwarewar ƙwayoyin halitta yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni."
Saboda kamuwa da ƙwari iri ɗaya ne da na kwarkwata saboda yawan haihuwa, samfurin ɗaya kawai daga kowane samfurin yawanci yana wakiltar yawan jama'a. Amma Booth yana son tabbatar da cewa Bullock ya gano maye gurbi, don haka suka gwada duk samfuran daga al'ummomin da aka gano.
"Lokacin da muka koma muka tantance wasu mutane daga cikin al'ummomin biyu, mun gano cewa kowannensu yana ɗauke da sauye-sauyen," in ji Booth. "Don haka sauye-sauyen su sun daidaita, kuma iri ɗaya ne da muka samu a cikin kyankyaso na Jamus."
Ta hanyar nazarin kyankyasai na Jamus, Booth ya fahimci cewa juriyarsu ga magungunan kwari ya faru ne saboda maye gurbi a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi kuma waɗannan hanyoyin an ƙaddara su ne ta hanyar muhalli.
"Akwai wata kwayar halitta da ake kira kwayar halittar Rdl. An gano wannan kwayar halitta a cikin wasu nau'ikan kwari da yawa kuma tana da alaƙa da juriya ga maganin kwari da ake kira dieldrin," in ji Booth, wanda kuma ke aiki a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Fralin. "Wannan kwayar halitta tana nan a cikin dukkan kyankyasai na Jamus. Abin mamaki ne cewa ba mu sami yawan jama'a ba tare da wannan kwayar halitta ba."
Fipronil da dieldrin, magungunan kashe kwari guda biyu da aka tabbatar suna da tasiri a kan kwari a dakin gwaje-gwaje, suna aiki ne ta hanyar amfani da hanya ɗaya, don haka sauye-sauyen da aka samu a ka'ida sun sa kwari su yi tsayayya da duka biyun, in ji Booth. An haramta Dieldrin tun daga shekarun 1990, amma yanzu ana amfani da fipronil ne kawai don maganin kwari a kan kuliyoyi da karnuka, ba don kwari a kan gado ba.
Booth yana zargin cewa yawancin masu dabbobin gida waɗanda ke amfani da maganin fipronil na shafawa suna barin kuliyoyi da karnukansu su kwana da su, suna fallasa ragowar fipronil na gadonsu. Idan aka shigar da ƙwari a cikin irin wannan yanayi, ana iya fallasa su ga fipronil ba da gangan ba, sannan za a iya zaɓar maye gurbi a cikin yawan ƙwari.
"Ba mu san ko wannan sauye-sauyen ya samo asali ba, ko ya samo asali ne bayan haka, ko ya samo asali ne a wannan lokacin, ko kuma ya riga ya wanzu a cikin al'umma shekaru 100 da suka gabata," in ji Booth.
Mataki na gaba zai kasance faɗaɗa bincike da kuma neman waɗannan sauye-sauye a sassa daban-daban na duniya, musamman a Turai, da kuma a lokuta daban-daban tsakanin samfuran gidajen tarihi, tunda ƙwari sun kasance a wurin sama da shekaru miliyan.
A watan Nuwamba na 2024, dakin gwaje-gwaje na Booth ya yi nasarar gano dukkan kwayoyin halittar kwaroron gado na yau da kullun a karon farko.
Booth ya lura cewa matsalar da ke tattare da DNA na gidan tarihi ita ce tana wargajewa zuwa ƙananan gutsuttsura cikin sauri, amma yanzu da masu bincike ke da samfura a matakin chromosome, za su iya ɗaukar waɗannan gutsuttsura su sake tsara su zuwa chromosomes, suna sake gina kwayoyin halitta da kuma kwayar halittar.
Booth ya lura cewa dakin gwaje-gwajensa yana haɗin gwiwa da kamfanonin hana kwari, don haka aikinsu na tsara kwayoyin halitta zai iya taimaka musu su fahimci inda ake samun ƙwarin gado a duniya da kuma yadda za su taimaka wajen kawar da su.
Yanzu da Bullock ta inganta ƙwarewarta ta kwayoyin halitta, tana fatan ci gaba da bincikenta kan juyin halittar birane.
"Ina son juyin halitta. Ina ganin yana da ban sha'awa sosai," in ji Block. "Mutane suna haɓaka alaƙa mai zurfi da waɗannan nau'ikan birane, kuma ina ganin ya fi sauƙi a sa mutane su sha'awar ƙwari saboda suna iya fahimtar sa da kansu."
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-13-2025