Hoto: Hanyoyin al'ada na farfadowa na shuka suna buƙatar amfani da masu kula da ci gaban shuka irin su hormones, wanda zai iya zama nau'i na musamman da kuma aiki mai tsanani. A cikin wani sabon binciken, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro sabon tsarin farfadowa na tsire-tsire ta hanyar daidaita aiki da kuma bayyanar da kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin rarrabuwar kawuna (haɓaka tantanin halitta) da redifferentiation (organogenesis) na ƙwayoyin shuka. Duba ƙarin
Hanyoyin gargajiya na farfadowa na shuka suna buƙatar amfani da sumasu kula da girma shukakamarhormones, wanda zai iya zama takamaiman nau'in nau'in kuma mai tsananin aiki. A cikin wani sabon binciken, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro sabon tsarin farfadowa na tsire-tsire ta hanyar daidaita aiki da kuma bayyanar da kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin rarrabuwar kawuna (haɓaka tantanin halitta) da redifferentiation (organogenesis) na ƙwayoyin shuka.
Tsire-tsire sun kasance tushen abinci ga dabbobi da mutane shekaru da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da tsire-tsire don fitar da magunguna daban-daban da magungunan warkewa. Duk da haka, rashin amfani da su da kuma karuwar bukatar abinci suna nuna bukatar sababbin hanyoyin kiwo. Ci gaba a cikin fasahar kere-kere na shuka zai iya magance ƙarancin abinci a nan gaba ta hanyar samar da tsire-tsire da aka gyara (GM) waɗanda suka fi dacewa da juriya ga canjin yanayi.
A dabi'a, tsire-tsire na iya sake farfado da sabbin tsire-tsire gaba ɗaya daga tantanin halitta "totipotent" guda ɗaya (wani tantanin halitta wanda zai iya haifar da nau'ikan tantanin halitta da yawa) ta hanyar rarrabuwa da sake canza su cikin sel masu tsari da ayyuka daban-daban. Ana amfani da kwandishan wucin gadi na irin wannan sel mai ƙarfi ta hanyar al'adun nama na shuka don kariyar shuka, kiwo, samar da nau'in transgenic da dalilai na bincike na kimiyya. A al'adance, al'adun nama don farfadowa na shuka yana buƙatar amfani da masu kula da haɓakar shuka (GGRs), irin su auxins da cytokinins, don sarrafa bambancin tantanin halitta. Koyaya, mafi kyawun yanayin hormonal na iya bambanta sosai dangane da nau'in shuka, yanayin al'adu da nau'in nama. Don haka, ƙirƙirar yanayin bincike mafi kyau na iya zama aiki mai ɗaukar lokaci da aiki mai ƙarfi.
Don shawo kan wannan matsala, Mataimakin Farfesa Tomoko Ikawa, tare da Mataimakin Farfesa Mai F. Minamikawa na Jami'ar Chiba, Farfesa Hitoshi Sakakibara daga Makarantar Digiri na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Noma ta Jami'ar Nagoya da Mikiko Kojima, kwararre mai fasaha daga RIKEN CSRS, sun kirkiro wata hanya ta duniya don sarrafa shuka ta hanyar tsari. Bayyanar “haɓaka kayyade haɓakawa” (DR) ƙwayoyin bambance-bambancen tantanin halitta don cimma farfaɗowar shuka. An buga shi a Juzu'i na 15 na Frontiers in Plant Science a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2024, Dokta Ikawa ya ba da ƙarin bayani game da aikin binciken su, yana mai cewa: "Tsarin mu ba ya amfani da PGRs na waje, amma a maimakon haka yana amfani da kwayoyin halittar da ake rubutawa don sarrafa bambance-bambancen tantanin halitta.
Masu binciken sun bayyana kwayoyin halittar DR guda biyu, BABY BOOM (BBM) da WUSCHEL (WUS), daga Arabidopsis thaliana (an yi amfani da ita azaman shuka samfuri) kuma sun bincika tasirin su akan bambancin al'adun nama na taba, latas da petunia. BBM yana ƙunshe da nau'in rubutun rubutu wanda ke daidaita haɓakar amfrayo, yayin da WUS ta ƙirƙiri wani nau'in rubutun da ke kiyaye asalin kwayar halitta a cikin yanki na harbi apical meristem.
Gwaje-gwajen da suka yi ya nuna cewa furcin Arabidopsis BBM ko WUS kadai bai isa ya haifar da bambance-bambancen tantanin halitta a cikin ganyayyakin taba ba. Sabanin haka, haɗin kai na BBM da aka inganta da aiki da kuma gyare-gyaren WUS yana haifar da haɓakar nau'in bambance-bambancen mai cin gashin kansa. Ba tare da amfani da PCR ba, ƙwayoyin ganye na transgenic sun bambanta zuwa callus (wanda ba a tsara shi ba), sifofi masu kama da kore da buds masu tasowa. Ƙididdigar sarkar polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), hanyar da ake amfani da ita don ƙididdige rubutun kwayoyin halitta, ya nuna cewa Arabidopsis BBM da WUS magana suna da alaƙa da samuwar calli transgenic da harbe.
Idan aka yi la'akari da muhimmiyar rawa na phytohormones a cikin rarrabuwar tantanin halitta da bambance-bambance, masu binciken sun ƙididdige matakan phytohormones shida, wato auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) da metabolites a cikin amfanin gona na transgenic. Sakamakon su ya nuna cewa matakan auxin mai aiki, cytokinin, ABA, da GA marasa aiki sun karu kamar yadda kwayoyin halitta suka bambanta a cikin gabobin, suna nuna matsayin su a cikin rarrabuwar kwayoyin halitta da organogenesis.
Bugu da ƙari, masu binciken sun yi amfani da rubutun bayanan RNA, hanya don ƙididdige ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga na maganganun kwayoyin halitta, don kimanta tsarin maganganun kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayoyin transgenic da ke nuna bambancin aiki. Sakamakon su ya nuna cewa kwayoyin halittar da ke da alaka da yaduwar kwayar halitta da auxin sun wadatar da su a cikin nau'o'in da aka tsara. Ƙarin bincike ta hanyar amfani da qPCR ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin transgenic sun karu ko rage yawan maganganun kwayoyin halitta guda hudu, ciki har da kwayoyin da ke tsara bambancin kwayoyin halitta, metabolism, organogenesis, da amsa auxin.
Gabaɗaya, waɗannan sakamakon suna bayyana sabuwar hanya mai ma'ana don haɓaka shuka wanda baya buƙatar aikace-aikacen PCR na waje. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan binciken na iya inganta fahimtarmu game da muhimman hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta da kuma inganta zaɓin ilimin halittu na nau'in tsire-tsire masu amfani.
Da yake bayyana yiwuwar aikace-aikacen aikinsa, Dokta Ikawa ya ce, "Tsarin da aka ruwaito zai iya inganta haɓakar tsire-tsire ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki don haifar da bambance-bambancen salon salula na ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire ba tare da buƙatar PCR ba. Saboda haka, kafin a yarda da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a matsayin samfurori, al'umma za ta hanzarta haɓakar shuka da kuma rage farashin samar da kayan aiki. "
Game da Mataimakin Farfesa Tomoko Igawa Dokta Tomoko Ikawa mataimakin farfesa ne a Makarantar Graduate of Horticulture, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Tsirrai, da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Noma da Harkokin Noma, Jami'ar Chiba, Japan. Sha'awar bincikenta sun haɗa da haifuwa ta jima'i da haɓakawa da kuma fasahar fasahar tsirrai. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan fahimtar hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta na haifuwa ta jima'i da bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar amfani da tsarin transgenic daban-daban. Tana da wallafe-wallafe da yawa a cikin waɗannan fagagen kuma memba ce ta Japan Society of Plant Biotechnology, Botanical Society of Japan, Japan Plant Breeding Society, Japan Society of Plant Physiologists, da International Society for Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Bambance-bambancen sel na transgenic ba tare da amfani da hormones na waje ba: bayyanar kwayoyin halitta da halayyar phytohormones
Marubutan sun bayyana cewa an gudanar da binciken ne ba tare da wata alaƙar kasuwanci ko ta kuɗi da za a iya fassara ta a matsayin rikici mai ban sha'awa ba.
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Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-22-2024