Wannephytohormonessuna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance fari? Ta yaya phytohormones ke daidaitawa da canje-canjen muhalli? Wata takarda da aka buga a mujallar Trends in Plant Science ta sake fassara da rarraba ayyukan nau'ikan phytohormones guda 10 da aka gano zuwa yanzu a cikin daular shuka. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsirrai kuma ana amfani da su sosai a noma a matsayin magungunan kashe kwari, abubuwan ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu.
Binciken ya kuma bayyana wandaphytohormonessuna da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen daidaitawa da sauyin yanayin muhalli (ƙarancin ruwa, ambaliya, da sauransu) da kuma tabbatar da rayuwar tsirrai a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Marubucin binciken shine Sergi Munne-Bosch, farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu da kuma Cibiyar bambancin halittu (IRBio) a Jami'ar Barcelona kuma shugaban ƙungiyar bincike mai haɗin gwiwa kan maganin hana tsufa a fannin fasahar aikin gona.
"Tun lokacin da Fritz W. Went ya gano auxin a matsayin abin da ke raba ƙwayoyin halitta a shekarar 1927, ci gaban kimiyya a cikin phytohormones ya kawo sauyi a fannin ilmin halittu na tsirrai da fasahar noma," in ji Munne-Bosch, farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu na juyin halitta, ilimin halittu, da kimiyyar muhalli.
Duk da muhimmiyar rawar da tsarin phytohormone ke takawa, binciken gwaji a wannan fanni bai samu ci gaba mai mahimmanci ba tukuna. Auxins, cytokinins, da gibberellins suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin girma da ci gaban tsirrai, kuma, bisa ga shawarar da marubutan suka bayar, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin manyan masu kula da su.
A mataki na biyu,acid mai narkewa (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, da jasmonic acid suna taimakawa wajen daidaita martanin tsirrai ga canjin yanayin muhalli kuma sune manyan abubuwan da ke tantance martanin damuwa. "Ethylene da abscisic acid suna da mahimmanci musamman a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na ruwa. Abscisic acid shine ke da alhakin rufe stomata (ƙananan ramuka a cikin ganyayyaki waɗanda ke daidaita musayar iskar gas) da sauran martani ga damuwa da bushewar ruwa. Wasu tsire-tsire suna da ikon amfani da ruwa sosai, galibi saboda rawar da abscisic acid ke takawa," in ji Munne-Bosch. Brassinosteroids, hormones na peptide, da strigolactones sun ƙunshi matakin hormones na uku, suna ba tsire-tsire sassauci mafi kyau don amsawa ga yanayi daban-daban yadda ya kamata.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu ƙwayoyin halitta masu dacewa don phytohormones ba su cika dukkan buƙatun ba tukuna kuma har yanzu suna jiran a tantance su. "Melatonin da γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) misalai ne guda biyu masu kyau. Melatonin ya cika dukkan buƙatun, amma gano mai karɓar sa har yanzu yana cikin matakan farko (a halin yanzu, an sami mai karɓar PMTR1 ne kawai a cikin Arabidopsis thaliana). Duk da haka, nan gaba kaɗan, al'ummar kimiyya za su iya cimma matsaya kuma su tabbatar da shi a matsayin phytohormone."
"Dangane da GABA, ba a gano wani mai karɓar ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin tsire-tsire ba tukuna. GABA tana sarrafa hanyoyin ion, amma abin mamaki ne cewa ba wani sanannen mai ba da amsa ga ƙwayoyin halitta ko hormone na dabbobi ba ne a cikin tsire-tsire," in ji ƙwararren.
A nan gaba, ganin cewa ƙungiyoyin phytohormone ba wai kawai suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a fannin kimiyya ba, har ma suna da muhimmiyar mahimmanci a fannonin noma da fasahar kere-kere ta tsirrai, ya zama dole a faɗaɗa iliminmu game da ƙungiyoyin phytohormone.
"Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a yi nazarin phytohormones waɗanda har yanzu ba a fahimce su sosai ba, kamar strigolactones, brassinosteroids, da peptide hormones. Muna buƙatar ƙarin bincike kan hulɗar hormones, wanda yanki ne da ba a fahimce shi sosai ba, da kuma ƙwayoyin da ba a rarraba su a matsayin phytohormones ba tukuna, kamar melatonin da gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," in ji Sergi Munne-Bosch. Tushe: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-13-2025