Rashin daidaiton ruwan sama, sauyin yanayin zafi na yanayi! Ta yaya El Nino ke shafar yanayin Brazil?

A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, a cikin wani rahoto da Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Ƙasa ta Brazil (Inmet) ta fitar, an gabatar da cikakken bincike kan matsalolin yanayi da kuma mummunan yanayi da El Nino ya haifar a Brazil a shekarar 2023 da kuma watanni uku na farko na 2024.
Rahoton ya lura cewa yanayin El Nino ya ninka ruwan sama a kudancin Brazil, amma a wasu yankuna, ruwan sama ya yi ƙasa da matsakaici. Masana sun yi imanin cewa dalilin shine tsakanin watan Oktoba na bara da Maris na wannan shekarar, lamarin El Nino ya sa raƙuman zafi da dama suka shiga yankunan arewa, tsakiya da yammacin Brazil, wanda ya takaita ci gaban iska mai sanyi (cyclones da fronts masu sanyi) daga ƙarshen kudancin Amurka zuwa arewa. A shekarun baya, irin wannan iska mai sanyi za ta tafi arewa zuwa yankin kogin Amazon kuma ta haɗu da iska mai zafi don samar da ruwan sama mai yawa, amma tun daga watan Oktoba na 2023, yankin da iska mai sanyi da zafi suka haɗu ya ci gaba zuwa yankin kudancin Brazil mai nisan kilomita 3,000 daga yankin kogin Amazon, kuma an sami ruwan sama mai yawa da yawa a yankin.
Rahoton ya kuma nuna cewa wani muhimmin tasiri na El Nino a Brazil shine karuwar zafin jiki da kuma ƙaura daga yankunan zafi mai yawa. Daga watan Oktoban bara zuwa Maris na wannan shekarar, an karya mafi girman rikodin zafin jiki a tarihin wannan lokacin a faɗin Brazil. A wasu wurare, matsakaicin zafin jiki ya kasance digiri 3 zuwa 4 na Celsius sama da kololuwar rikodin. A halin yanzu, mafi girman zafin ya faru ne a watan Disamba, bazara na kudancin Hemisphere, maimakon Janairu da Fabrairu, watannin bazara.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararru sun ce ƙarfin El Nino ya ragu tun daga watan Disamba na bara. Wannan kuma ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa bazara ta fi zafi fiye da lokacin rani. Bayanan sun nuna cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki a watan Disamba na 2023, a lokacin bazara na Kudancin Amurka, ya fi zafi fiye da matsakaicin zafin da ake samu a watan Janairu da Fabrairu na 2024, a lokacin bazara na Kudancin Amurka.
A cewar kwararru kan yanayi na Brazil, karfin El Nino zai ragu a hankali daga karshen kaka zuwa farkon hunturu a wannan shekarar, wato tsakanin watan Mayu da Yulin 2024. Amma nan da nan bayan haka, faruwar La Nina zai zama babban lamari. Ana sa ran yanayin La Nina zai fara a rabin na biyu na shekara, inda yanayin zafi a saman ruwan zafi a tsakiya da gabashin Pacific ya ragu sosai kasa da matsakaici.