A cikin gwaji a Afirka, gadon gado da aka yiPYRETHROIDkumaFIPRONILya nuna ingantattun sakamako na entomological da epidemiological.Wannan ya haifar da karuwar bukatar wannan sabon kwas ta yanar gizo a kasashen da ke fama da zazzabin cizon sauro.PermaNet Dual shine sabon deltamethrin da clofenac mesh wanda Vestergaard Sàrl ya haɓaka don samar da ƙarin ƙarfi ga shirye-shiryen magance zazzabin cizon sauro.Mun gudanar da gwajin matukin jirgi don kimanta tasirin PermaNet Dual a kan daji, sauro na Anopheles gambiae mai jure wa daji kyauta a Cove, Benin.PermaNet Dual ya haifar da mutuwar sauro mafi girma idan ba a wanke ba idan aka kwatanta da tarun da ke dauke da pyrethroid kadai da tarun da ke dauke da pyrethroid da PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% na PermaNet Dual, 23% na PermaNet 2.0 da 23% na PermaNet 3.0) 56% p1 bayan shekaru 0.2 .daidaitattun wankin (75% na PermaNet Dual, 14% na PermaNet 2.0, 30% na PermaNet 3.0, p <0.001).Yin amfani da tsaka-tsaki maras ƙarancin ƙima da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana, PermaNet Dual kuma ba shi da ƙasa a cikin mace-mace mai ɗaukar hoto zuwa pyrethroid-clofenazoline, wanda ya nuna ingantaccen ƙimar lafiyar jama'a (Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76).%, OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719-1.073), amma ba don kariya daga samar da jini ba (35% vs. 26%, OR = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177-1.723).PermaNet Dual ƙarin zaɓi ne ga wannan nau'in gidan yanar gizo mai inganci don haɓaka sarrafa zazzabin cizon sauro da sauro masu jure wa pyrethroid ke yadawa.
Gidajen gado masu maganin kwari (ITNs) sune mafi inganci kuma ma'aunin rigakafin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro.An nuna su akai-akai don rage cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro da mace-mace a cikin gwaji da yanayin shirye-shirye kuma sun ba da gudummawa mafi girma na duk wani shiri na baya-bayan nan don rage cutar zazzabin cizon sauro.Duk da haka, dogaro da nau'in maganin kwari guda ɗaya (pyrethroids) yana haifar da matsi na zaɓi, yana haɓaka yaduwar juriya na pyrethroid a cikin cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro.Tsakanin 2010 zuwa 2020, an gano juriya na pyrethroid a cikin aƙalla nau'in vector guda ɗaya a cikin kashi 88% na ƙasashen da ke fama da zazzabin cizon sauro.Ko da yake bincike ya nuna cewa gadojin da aka yi wa maganin kwari suna kare kariya daga cutar zazzabin cizon sauro duk da juriya, akwai kwakkwarar shaidar cewa sauro da aka yi wa gadon gadon da aka yi wa maganin pyrethroid ya inganta rayuwa da iya ciyarwa.Idan aka yi la’akari da muhimmancin da suke da shi na rigakafin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, duk wani raguwar tasirin gidan sauron da aka yi wa maganin kwari zai iya haifar da sake bullowar cututtuka da mace-mace.
Dangane da wannan barazanar, an samar da gadon gado masu aiki biyu na maganin kwari, waɗanda ke haɗa pyrethroid da wani sinadari, don maido da sarrafa ƙwayoyin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro.Sabon nau'in ITN na farko ya haɗu da pyrethroids tare daPIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO), mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ke haɓaka tasirin pyrethroids ta hanyar neutralizing detoxifying enzymes hade da pyrethroid juriya10.A cikin bukkoki na gwaji da gungun gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar (cRCT) ITNs da ke ɗauke da pyrethroids da PBO sun nuna fa'idodin ilimin halitta mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da ITNs waɗanda ke ɗauke da pyrethroids kawai da ingancin cututtukan cututtuka.Tun daga lokacin sun sami shawarwarin WHO na sharaɗi don rarrabawa a wuraren da vectors ke nuna juriya ga pyrethroids, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin rarraba su a cikin ƙasashe masu fama da cutar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Koyaya, pyrethroid-PBO ITN ba tare da iyakancewa ba.Musamman ma, akwai damuwa game da dorewarsu bayan amfani da gida na tsawon lokaci.Nazarin matukin jirgi a Yammacin Afirka kuma ya nuna cewa gidajen sauro na pyrethroid-PBO na iya ba da ƙarin fa'ida mai iyaka a cikin wuraren da ke da haɓaka juriya ta pyrethroid ta hanyar hadaddun hanyoyin da yawa.Don haka, don ingantacciyar kulawa da ɗorewa mai ƙarfi, ya zama dole a yi amfani da ƙarin nau'ikan gidan sauron gadaje masu maganin kwari, wanda zai fi dacewa ya ƙunshi wasu sabbin magungunan kashe kwari waɗanda vectors ke kula da su.
Kwanan nan, gidajen gado da aka yi wa maganin kwari sun zama samuwa wanda ke haɗa pyrethroids tare da fipronil, maganin kwari na azole wanda ke rushe aikin mitochondrial.Chlorfenopyr yana wakiltar wata sabuwar hanya don sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka ɓullo da ingantattun hanyoyin juriya ga magungunan kwari da ake dasu.Pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ITN (Interceptor G2), wanda BASF ta kirkira, ya nuna zazzabin cizon sauro mai jure wa pyrethroid a gwajin gwaji a Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote da Tanzania.Kula da ƙwayoyin cuta ya inganta kuma yanzu Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta cancanta.Manyan gwaje-gwaje da shirye-shiryen rarraba matukin jirgi a wasu ƙasashe sun kuma nuna alamun tasirin annoba.Musamman, RCTs a Benin da Tanzaniya sun nuna cewa Interceptor G2 ya rage yawan kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da kashi 46% da 44% sama da shekaru 2, bi da bi, idan aka kwatanta da ITN ta amfani da daidaitattun pyrethroids kadai.Bisa wadannan sakamakon, hukumar lafiya ta duniya ta bayar da wata kwakkwarar shawara a kwanan baya na yin amfani da gidajen sauron da aka yi amfani da su da maganin kashe kwari pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr maimakon gadon gado mai dauke da pyrethroid kadai a wuraren da vectors ke jure wa pyrethroids.Tarun gado masu maganin kwari don hana cizon sauro.Wannan ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin buƙatun duniya da umarni na gidajen sauro da aka yi wa maganin pyrethroid shigar a cikin ƙasashe masu fama da cutar.Haɓaka ƙarin sabbin nau'ikan pyrethroid masu girma da gidajen gado na fipronil na masana'antun da yawa waɗanda ke da ƙarfin masana'anta masu ƙarfi za su taimaka haɓaka kasuwar gidan gado da maganin kwari, haɓaka gasa, da kuma haifar da sauƙin samun mafi arha tarun gadajen maganin kwari.Tarun gado.Tarunn gadon kwari don ingantacciyar kulawar vector.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-17-2023