A gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a Afirka, an yi wa gado da sarƙoƙiPYRETHROIDkumaFIPRONILya nuna ingantattun tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar wannan sabon kwas ɗin kan layi a ƙasashen da ke fama da cutar maleriya. PermaNet Dual wani sabon raga ne na deltamethrin da clofenac wanda Vestergaard Sàrl ya ƙirƙira don samar da ƙarin damar ga shirye-shiryen kula da maleriya. Mun gudanar da gwajin gwaji na cockpit don tantance tasirin PermaNet Dual akan sauro na Anopheles gambiae masu jure wa pyrethroid na daji, masu tashi kyauta a Cove, Benin. PermaNet Dual ya haifar da mace-macen sauro mafi girma idan ba a wanke ba idan aka kwatanta da raga da ke ɗauke da pyrethroid kaɗai da raga da ke ɗauke da pyrethroid da PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% don PermaNet Dual, 23% don PermaNet 2.0 da 23% don PermaNet 3.0) 56% p < 0.001) bayan shekaru 20. wanke-wanke na yau da kullun (75% don PermaNet Dual, 14% don PermaNet 2.0, 30% don PermaNet 3.0, p < 0.001). Ta amfani da matsakaicin iyaka mara ƙarancin ƙarfi wanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana, PermaNet Dual shi ma ba shi da ƙasa a cikin mace-macen masu ɗauke da cutar ga pyrethroid-clofenazoline, wanda ya nuna ingantaccen ƙimar lafiyar jama'a (Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76). %, OR = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719–1.073), amma ba don kariya daga wadatar jini ba (35% vs. 26%, OR = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177–1.723). PermaNet Dual wani ƙarin zaɓi ne ga wannan nau'in raga mai inganci don inganta sarrafa zazzabin cizon sauro da sauro masu jure wa pyrethroid ke yadawa.
Gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari (ITNs) su ne mafi inganci kuma ana amfani da su sosai wajen rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro. An nuna cewa suna rage mace-mace da kuma mace-mace a cikin gwaje-gwaje da shirye-shirye, kuma sun ba da babbar gudummawa ga duk wani shiri na baya-bayan nan don rage yawan kamuwa da cutar malaria. Duk da haka, dogaro da su ga nau'in kwari guda ɗaya (pyrethroids) yana haifar da matsin lamba na zaɓi, yana haɓaka yaduwar juriyar pyrethroid a cikin cututtukan malaria. Tsakanin 2010 da 2020, an gano juriyar pyrethroid a cikin aƙalla nau'in vector guda ɗaya a cikin 88% na ƙasashen da ke fama da cutar malaria. Duk da cewa bincike ya nuna cewa gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari suna kare cutar malaria duk da juriya, akwai shaida mai ƙarfi cewa sauro da aka fallasa ga gidajen sauro masu maganin pyrethroid sun inganta rayuwa da iya ciyarwa. Ganin mahimmancin su ga rigakafin da kuma shawo kan cutar malaria, duk wani ƙarin raguwa a cikin ingancin gidajen sauro da aka yi wa maganin kwari na iya haifar da sake dawowa da rashin lafiya da mace-mace.
Saboda wannan barazanar, an ƙirƙiro gidajen sauro masu aiki biyu, waɗanda ke haɗa pyrethroid da wani sinadari, don dawo da iko kan ƙwayoyin cuta masu jure wa pyrethroid. Sabon nau'in ITN na farko ya haɗa pyrethroids daPIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO), wani mai haɗin gwiwa wanda ke haɓaka ingancin pyrethroids ta hanyar rage ƙwayoyin cuta masu narkewa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da juriyar pyrethroid10. A cikin bukkoki na gwaji da gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar rukuni (cRCT) ITNs waɗanda ke ɗauke da pyrethroids da PBO sun nuna fa'idodi mafi girma na entomological idan aka kwatanta da ITNs waɗanda ke ɗauke da pyrethroids kawai da ingancin cututtuka. Tun daga lokacin sun sami shawarar WHO na sharaɗi don rarrabawa a yankunan da ƙwayoyin cuta ke nuna juriya ga pyrethroids, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin rarrabawarsu a ƙasashen da ke fama da cutar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan18. Duk da haka, pyrethroid-PBO ITN ba shi da iyaka. Abin lura, akwai damuwa game da dorewarsu bayan amfani da su na dogon lokaci a gida. Nazarin gwaji a Yammacin Afirka kuma ya nuna cewa gidajen sauro na pyrethroid-PBO na iya samar da fa'ida mai iyaka a yankunan da ke da ƙaruwar juriyar pyrethroid wanda ke da alaƙa da hanyoyi masu rikitarwa da yawa. Don haka, don ingantaccen sarrafa vector mai dorewa, ya zama dole a yi amfani da ƙarin nau'ikan gidajen sauro da aka yi wa magani da kwari, mafi kyau a ƙunshi wasu sabbin magungunan kwari waɗanda vectors ke da saurin kamuwa da su.
Kwanan nan, gidajen sauro da aka yi wa magani da maganin kwari sun fara samuwa waɗanda ke haɗa pyrethroids da fipronil, wani maganin kwari na azole wanda ke kawo cikas ga aikin mitochondrial. Chlorfenopyr yana wakiltar sabuwar hanya don magance cututtukan da suka haɓaka hanyoyin juriya ga magungunan kwari da ake da su. Pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ITN (Interceptor G2), wanda BASF ta ƙirƙira, ya nuna zazzabin cizon sauro mai jure wa pyrethroid a gwaje-gwajen gwaji a Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte da Tanzania. Kula da vector ya inganta kuma yanzu ya zama wanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta cancanta. Gwaje-gwaje masu girma da shirye-shiryen rarrabawa na gwaji a wasu ƙasashe sun kuma nuna shaidar tasirin cututtuka. Musamman, RCTs a Benin da Tanzania sun nuna cewa Interceptor G2 ya rage yawan kamuwa da cutar malaria a yara da kashi 46% da 44% a cikin shekaru 2, bi da bi, idan aka kwatanta da ITN ta amfani da pyrethroids na yau da kullun kawai. Bisa ga waɗannan sakamakon, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya kwanan nan ta bayar da shawara mai ƙarfi game da amfani da gidajen sauro da aka yi wa magani da maganin kwari na pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr maimakon gidajen sauro da ke ɗauke da pyrethroids kaɗai a yankunan da ƙwayoyin cuta ke jure wa pyrethroids. Gidajen sauro da aka yi wa magani da maganin kwari don hana zazzabin cizon sauro. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwa sosai a cikin buƙatun duniya da kuma yin odar gidajen sauro da aka yi wa magani da pyrethroid a ƙasashen da ke fama da cutar. Ƙirƙirar nau'ikan gidajen sauro masu inganci na pyrethroid da fipronil da masana'antu da yawa ke da ƙarfin masana'antu za su taimaka wajen inganta kasuwar gidajen sauro da aka yi wa magani da maganin kwari, ƙara gasa, da kuma haifar da sauƙin samun gidajen sauro masu magani da maganin kwari masu araha. Gidajen sauro. Gidajen sauro don ingantaccen sarrafa vector.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-17-2023