Lambda-cyhalothrin, wanda aka fi sani da cyhalothrin da kungfu cyhalothrin, ƙungiyar AR Jutsum ta haɓaka shi cikin nasara a shekarar 1984. Tsarin aikinsa shine canza yanayin membrane na jijiyar kwari, hana kwararar axon na jijiyar kwari, lalata aikin neuron ta hanyar hulɗa da tashar sodium ion, sanya ƙwarin da aka guba ya yi ta shaƙar iska, ya gurgunta ya mutu, kuma yana iya kashe ƙwarin cikin sauri. Lambda-cyhalothrin yana da halaye na faɗaɗa ƙwayoyin cuta, aiki mai yawa da tsawon lokaci na tasiri, kuma ya dace da maganin kwari na amfanin gona kamar alkama, masara, bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, auduga, kayan lambu masu giciye, da sauransu.
1 Yanayin asali
高效氯氟氰菊酯Sunan Turanci: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: C23H19ClF3NO3; Tafasa: 187~190℃/0.2 mmHg; Lambar CAS: 91465-08-633.
An nuna tsarin samfurin a cikin Hoto na 1.
Siffa ta 1 Tsarin tsarin beta-cyhalothrin
2 Guba da manufofin sarrafawa
Beta-cyhalothrin yana da tasirin kashewa da guba a cikin ciki, kuma yana da wani tasiri na gujewa kuma ba shi da wani tasiri na tsari. Yana da kyakkyawan tasiri kan kwari masu taunawa na baki kamar tsutsar Lepidoptera da wasu ƙwaro na Coleoptera, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don magance kwari masu tsotsar bakin kamar pear psyllium. Babban abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen sarrafa beta-cyhalothrin sune midges, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, auduga bollworms, ja bollworms, cabbage caterpillars, da sauransu. A cikin ciyawa, ciyawa da amfanin gona busassun gona, yana iya hanawa da kuma sarrafa ciyayi borer, da sauransu. Yi amfani da yanayi a yankuna daban-daban na duniya: China, galibi daga Maris zuwa Agusta; Kudancin/Arewacin Amurka, daga Maris zuwa Mayu da Satumba zuwa Disamba; Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, daga Disamba zuwa Mayu; Turai, daga Maris zuwa Mayu da Satumba zuwa Disamba wata.
3 Tsarin haɗa abubuwa da manyan tsaka-tsaki
(1) Haɗa trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Sinadarin Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum (Kung fu acid) yana amsawa da thionyl chloride, yana rage narkewar ruwa da kuma gyara shi don samun sinadarin trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Haɗa man chlorofluorocyanide
Ana haɗa Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) da sodium cyanide don samun ɗanyen mai chlorofluorocyanide a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari.
(3) Haɗa beta-cyhalothrin
A ƙarƙashin aikin amines na halitta, ɗanyen chlorofluorocyanide yana shiga cikin epimerization don samar da beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Yanayin kasuwar cikin gida
A cewar binciken da aka yi a cibiyar sadarwa ta China Pesticide Information Network, ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2022, adadin rajistar fasaha ta alpha-cyhalothrin ya kai 45, kuma abubuwan da aka yi rijistar sun kai 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, da 98%. Daga cikinsu, rajistar da ke da kashi 95%, 96%, da 98% sun kai babban kaso.
A cewar tambayar da aka yi wa Cibiyar Bayar da Bayanin Kashe Kwayoyin Cuku ta China, tun daga ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2022. Bayanan rajistar cikin gida na shirye-shiryen beta-cyhalothrin sun nuna cewa akwai gauraye guda ɗaya, waɗanda 621 daga cikinsu allura ɗaya ne, kuma 216 an haɗa su. Shayi ɗaya: An yi rijistar 621, manyan shirye-shiryen sune 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% ruwa emulsion, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, da sauransu. Haɗin haɗin: An yi rijistar 216, galibi tare da Acitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine da sauran kayan haɗin. Babban nau'ikan allurai sune: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion na ruwa, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% wakilin dakatarwa, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% foda mai laushi, da sauransu.
5 Yanayin kasuwar ƙasashen waje
5.1 Rijistar shirye-shirye a ƙasashen waje
Manyan allurai guda ɗaya da aka yi rijista sune 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Manyan gauraye sune: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + chlorofluorocarbon Cypermethrin 10.6% suspension agent, Acetamiprid 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Fitar da kayayyaki daga China
Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, jimillar kamfanoni 582 sun fitar da kayayyakin fasaha da shirye-shirye masu inganci na cyhalothrin, kuma yawan fitar da kayayyaki daga manyan kamfanoni goma ya kai kashi 45% na jimillar yawan fitar da kayayyaki (tarin shekaru 5). Manyan kamfanoni goma an jera su a cikin Jadawali na 2.
Matsakaicin adadin kayan fasaha da ake fitarwa shine tan 2,400 a kowace shekara, kuma mafi girman adadin fitarwa shine tan 3,000 a kowace shekara. Yawan fitarwa ya karu kowace shekara daga 2015 zuwa 2019. Matsakaicin adadin shirye-shiryen fitarwa shine tan 14,800 a kowace shekara, kuma mafi girman adadin fitarwa shine tan 17,000 (2017), sannan adadin fitarwa ya tabbata; matsakaicin adadin shirye-shiryen fitarwa shine tan 460 a kowace shekara, kuma mafi girman shine tan 515 a kowace shekara.
Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, an fitar da kayayyakin fasaha da shirye-shiryen cyhalothrin zuwa kasuwanni 77. Manyan kasuwanni biyar sune Amurka, Belgium, Indiya, Argentina, da Pakistan. Manyan kasuwanni biyar sun kai kashi 57% na jimillar kayayyakin da China ke fitarwa. (Jimillar shekaru 5 kenan).
Sabbin salon kasuwa guda 6
A cewar majiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2022, agogon gida, wata masana'antar kamfanin noma na Indiya Bharat Rasayan, wacce galibi ke samar da kayayyakin pyrethroid da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi ta, ta kama da wuta bayan fashewar tukunyar jirgi.
Indiya tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da magungunan kashe kwari marasa lasisi a duniya, waɗanda daga cikinsu akwai ƙarfin samar da manyan magungunan kashe kwari na pyrethroid, methyl betanate da ether aldehyde, yana da yawa. A shekarar 2021, Bharat Rasayan za ta fitar da jimillar magunguna, shirye-shirye da magungunan kashe kwari sama da tan 6,000, waɗanda kashi 61% na su magunguna ne na fasaha, kashi 13% na shirye-shirye da kashi 26% na shirye-shiryen (galibi pyrethroid intermediates). A matsayin muhimmin matsakaici don haɗa magungunan kashe kwari na pyrethroid, ether aldehyde yana da buƙatar gida na kusan tan 6,000 a kowace shekara, wanda kusan rabinsa ana buƙatar a saya daga Indiya.
Tunda kasuwar cikin gida ta cyhalothrin tana gab da ƙarewa, kuma kamfanin Indiya ba shine babban kamfanin da ke samar da tsaka-tsakin da ke da alaƙa da alpha-cyhalothrin kamar ether aldehydes ba, tasirin da ke kan kasuwar cikin gida ba shi da yawa, kuma ya zama dole a kula da fitar da kayayyaki kwanan nan.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-08-2022