Magungunan kwari

Gabatarwa

Maganin kashe kwari yana nufin wani nau'in maganin kwari da ke kashe kwari, wanda akasari ana amfani da shi don magance kwari na noma da kwari na lafiyar birane.Irin su beetles, kwari, grubs, noseworms, fleas, da kuma kusan 10000 sauran kwari.Magungunan kwari suna da dogon tarihin amfani, adadi mai yawa, da iri-iri iri-iri.

Rabewa

Akwai ma'auni da yawa don rarraba magungunan kashe qwari.A yau, za mu koyi game da magungunan kashe qwari daga fannonin yanayin aiki da toxicology.

Dangane da yanayin aikin, ana iya rarraba magungunan kashe qwari kamar:

① Cutar ciki.Yana shiga tsarin narkewa ta bakin kwarin kuma yana da tasiri mai guba, kamar Metrifonate.

② Tuntuɓi wakilan kisa.Bayan sun hadu da epidermis ko appendages, ya shiga cikin jikin kwari, ko ya lalata kakin zuma na jikin kwari, ko kuma ya toshe bawul don kashe kwari, kamar pyrethrin, emulsion mai ma'adinai, da sauransu.

③ Fumigant.Ana samun tururi ta hanyar jujjuyawar iskar gas mai guba, ruwa ko mai ƙarfi ga kwari ko ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar Bromomethane.

④ Shakar maganin kwari.An shanye da tsaba, saiwoyi, mai tushe, da ganyaye kuma a kai shi ga shuka gaba ɗaya, a cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan, ƙwayoyin cuta ko abubuwan da ke aiki da su suna shiga cikin jikin kwari ta hanyar ciyar da ƙwayar shuka ko tsotsar ruwan shuka, suna taka rawa mai guba. , kamar dimethoate.

Dangane da tasirin toxicological, ana iya rarraba magungunan kwari kamar:

① Magungunan neurotoxic.Yana aiki akan tsarin jin tsoro na kwari, kamar DDT, parathion, carbofuran, Pyrethrin, da sauransu.

② Magungunan numfashi.Hana enzymes na numfashi na kwari, kamar cyanuric acid.

③ Ma'aikatan Jiki.Ma'adinai na ma'adinai na iya toshe bawul na kwari, yayin da inert foda zai iya kawar da fata na kwari kuma ya sa su mutu.

④ Musamman magungunan kashe kwari.Haɓaka halayen ƙwayoyin cuta marasa al'ada, irin su masu hana kwari daga amfanin gona, masu jan hankali waɗanda ke lalata kwari tare da jima'i ko koto, maganin rigakafi waɗanda ke hana ɗanɗanonsu kuma ba sa ciyarwa, yana haifar da yunwa da mutuwa, abubuwan da ba su da lafiya waɗanda ke aiwatar da aikin haihuwa na manya. don haifar da rashin haihuwa na namiji ko mace, da masu kula da ci gaban kwari da ke shafar girma, metamorphosis, da haifuwa na kwari.

DhaɓakawaDtsokana

① Sauyin yanayi na duniya yana haifar da ayyukan kwari da cututtuka, wanda hakan ke haifar da karuwar amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.A harkar noma, faruwar kwari da cututtuka na da alaka da sauyin yanayi.Idan yanayin yanayi ba shi da kyau ga ci gaban kwari da cututtuka, za a rage yawan kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka sosai, ta yadda za a rage amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.

② Har yanzu dai magungunan kashe kwari suna rike da matsayi mafi girma a kasuwannin kashe kwari na duniya, tare da manyan nau'ikan magungunan kashe kwari guda uku, wato maganin kashe kwari, maganin kashe kwari, da na ciyawa, kasancewar sune manyan 'yan wasa a kasuwannin duniya na maganin kwari.A cikin 2009, har yanzu maganin kashe kwari yana da kashi 25% na kasuwar magungunan kashe qwari ta duniya, tare da Arewacin Amurka da Yammacin Turai ke riƙe mafi girman kaso na kasuwa, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 70% na duk kasuwar.

③ Yayin da masana'antar kashe kwari ta duniya ke ci gaba da bunkasa, tana kuma fuskantar wasu sabbin bukatu, wato amfani da magungunan kashe qwari a tsawon shekaru ya haifar da gurbacewar yanayi daban-daban ga muhalli da mutane da dabbobi.Sabili da haka, al'ummomin duniya suna daɗaɗɗen buƙatun don inganci, ƙarancin guba, ƙarancin saura, da magungunan kashe gurɓatacce, musamman a cikin masana'antar kashe qwari.