Manufar wannan binciken ita ce samar da bayanai a kaimaganin kashe kwarijuriya don yanke shawara kan shirye-shiryen gudanar da juriya a Togo.
An tantance matsayin mai saurin kamuwa da Anopheles gambiae (SL) ga magungunan kashe kwari da ake amfani da su a lafiyar jama'a ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar gwajin in vitro na WHO. Bioassays don juriya na pyrethroid an gudanar da su bisa ga ka'idodin gwajin kwalban CDC. An gwada ayyukan haɓakar enzyme ta amfani da synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, da ethacrine. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun nau'o'in ganewa da nau'in genotyping na maye gurbin kdr a cikin Anopheles gambiae SL ta amfani da fasahar PCR.
Mazauna yankin Anopheles gambiae sl sun nuna cikakkiyar kamuwa da cutar pirimiphos-methyl a Lomé, Kowie, Aniye da Kpeletutu. Mutuwar ta kasance 90% a Bayda, yana nuna yuwuwar juriya ga pirimiphos-methyl. An yi rikodin juriya ga DDT, benzodicarb da propoxur a duk shafuka. An yi rikodin manyan matakan juriya ga pyrethroids, tare da oxidases, esterases da glutathione-s-transferases sune abubuwan da ke lalata enzymes da ke da alhakin juriya, bisa ga gwaje-gwajen synergistic. Babban nau'in da aka gano sune Anopheles gambiae (ss) da Anopheles cruzi. Babban mitoci na kdr L1014F da ƙananan mitoci na kdr L1014S alleles an gano su a duk shafuka.
Wannan binciken yana nuna buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki don ƙarfafa matakan magance cutar zazzabin cizon sauro (IRS da LLIN).
Amfani da maganin kashe kwari muhimmin bangare ne na shirye-shiryen magance cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a Afirka [1]. Koyaya, fitowar juriya ga manyan nau'ikan maganin kashe kwari da ake amfani da su a cikin jiyya na gado da kuma feshin cikin gida (IRS) yana buƙatar mu sake yin la'akari da amfani da waɗannan samfuran da sarrafa juriya na vector [2]. An ba da rahoton bullar juriyar miyagun ƙwayoyi a ƙasashe daban-daban a yammacin Afirka da suka haɗa da Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] musamman Togo [6, 7]. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yin amfani da masu haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwar maganin kwari yana kara yawan kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a yankunan da ke da tsayin daka ga pyrethroids [8, 9]. Don kiyaye dorewar dabarun sarrafawa, ya kamata a yi la'akari da tsarin haɗin kai na tsarin juriya a cikin kowace manufar sarrafa vector [2]. Ya kamata kowace ƙasa ta goyi bayan aiwatar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da juriya ta hanyar gano juriya [10]. Dangane da shawarwarin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) [10], gudanar da juriya ya haɗa da aiwatar da tsarin matakai uku ciki har da (1) kimanta yanayin yanayin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na vectors, (2) halayen juriya, da (3) ƙima na hanyoyin ilimin lissafi, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga ingancin synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). A kasar Togo, matakin farko, ana gudanar da tantance matsayin kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a duk bayan shekaru 2-3 a wuraren da Hukumar Kula da Maleriya ta Kasa (NMCP) ta shirya. Ƙarfin juriya da inganci na matakai biyu na ƙarshe (watau masu ƙarfi piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S, S, S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), da ethacrynic acid (EA)) ba a yi nazari sosai ba.
Manufar wannan binciken shine don magance waɗannan abubuwa guda uku da kuma samar da NMCP tare da ingantaccen bayanai don yanke shawara kan gudanar da juriya a Togo.
An gudanar da wannan binciken daga Yuni zuwa Satumba 2021 a zaɓaɓɓun wuraren aika saƙo na NMCP a cikin gundumomin lafiya uku a kudancin Togo (Hoto na 1). An zaɓi wuraren sa ido na NMCP guda biyar don saka idanu dangane da yanayin su (yankunan tsafta daban-daban) da halayen muhalli (yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, wuraren kiwon tsutsa na dindindin): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère da Kpeletoutou (Table 1).
Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa yawan sauro na Anopheles gambiae a kudancin Togo suna da juriya ga yawancin magungunan kashe kwari na lafiyar jama'a, ban da pirimiphos-methyl. An lura da babban matakan juriya na pyrethroid a wurin binciken, mai yiwuwa hade da detoxifying enzymes (oxidases, esterases da glutathione-s-transferases). An gano maye gurbin kdr L1014F a cikin nau'in 'yan'uwa biyu Anopheles gambiae ss da Anopheles kruzi tare da madaidaicin mitoci masu girma (> 0.50), yayin da maye gurbin kdr L1014S ya faru a ƙananan mita kuma an samo shi ne kawai a cikin sauro Anopheles cruzi. Masu haɗin gwiwar PBO da EA sun dawo da juzu'i ga pyrethroids da organochlorines, bi da bi, a duk rukunin yanar gizon, yayin da DEF ta ƙara haɓaka ga carbamates da organophosphates a duk rukunin yanar gizo ban da Anye. Waɗannan bayanai na iya taimakawa shirin yaƙi da zazzabin cizon sauro na ƙasar Togo don samar da ingantattun dabarun sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-23-2024