Manufar wannan binciken ita ce samar da bayanai kanmaganin kwarijuriya ga yanke shawara kan shirye-shiryen kula da juriya a Togo.
An tantance matsayin kamuwa da cutar Anopheles gambiae (SL) ga magungunan kwari da ake amfani da su a lafiyar jama'a ta amfani da tsarin gwajin in vitro na WHO. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen halittu don juriyar pyrethroid bisa ga ka'idojin gwajin kwalba na CDC. An gwada ayyukan enzyme na kawar da guba ta amfani da piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, da ethacrine. Gano takamaiman nau'ikan da kuma nau'in halittar maye gurbin kdr a cikin Anopheles gambiae SL ta amfani da fasahar PCR.
Al'ummar yankin Anopheles gambiae sl sun nuna cikakkiyar sauƙin kamuwa da pirimiphos-methyl a Lomé, Kowie, Aniye da Kpeletutu. Mutuwar ta kai kashi 90% a Bayda, wanda ke nuna yuwuwar juriya ga pirimiphos-methyl. An sami juriya ga DDT, benzodicarb da propoxur a duk wuraren. An sami babban matakin juriya ga pyrethroids, tare da oxidases, esterases da glutathione-s-transferases waɗanda ke da alhakin tsarkake jiki, a cewar gwaje-gwajen synergistic. Manyan nau'ikan da aka gano sune Anopheles gambiae (ss) da Anopheles cruzi. An gano yawan mitar kdr L1014F da ƙarancin mitar kdr L1014S a duk wuraren.
Wannan binciken ya nuna buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki don ƙarfafa hanyoyin magance cutar malaria da ake da su (IRS da LLIN).
Amfani da magungunan kwari muhimmin bangare ne na shirye-shiryen kula da ƙwayoyin cuta na malaria a Afirka [1]. Duk da haka, fitowar juriya ga manyan nau'ikan magungunan kwari da ake amfani da su wajen maganin bednet da feshi na cikin gida (IRS) yana buƙatar mu sake duba amfani da waɗannan samfuran da kuma kula da juriyar vector [2]. An ba da rahoton bullar juriyar magunguna a ƙasashe daban-daban a Yammacin Afirka ciki har da Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] da kuma musamman Togo [6, 7]. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa amfani da masu haɗin gwiwa da haɗakar magungunan kwari yana ƙara saurin kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na malaria a yankunan da ke da juriyar pyrethroids sosai [8, 9]. Don ci gaba da dorewar dabarun sarrafawa, ya kamata a yi la'akari da haɗakar tsarin kula da juriya cikin kowace manufar kula da vector [2]. Kowace ƙasa ya kamata ta goyi bayan aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kula da juriya ta hanyar gano juriya [10]. A cewar shawarwarin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) [10], kula da juriya ya ƙunshi aiwatar da hanya mai matakai uku, ciki har da (1) kimanta matsayin kamuwa da kwari na ƙwayoyin cuta, (2) tantance ƙarfin juriya, da (3) kimanta hanyoyin ilimin halittar jiki, tare da mai da hankali musamman ga ingancin piperonyl butoxide na synergist. A Togo, ana gudanar da matakin farko, kimanta matsayin kamuwa da kwari na ƙwayoyin cuta na zazzabin cizon sauro, duk bayan shekaru 2-3 a wuraren tsaro na Shirin Kula da Zazzabin Maleriya na Ƙasa (NMCP). Ba a yi nazari sosai kan ƙarfin juriya da ingancin matakai biyu na ƙarshe ba (watau, potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), da ethacrynic acid (EA)).
Manufar wannan binciken ita ce magance waɗannan fannoni uku da kuma samar wa NMCP ingantattun bayanai don yanke shawara kan yadda za a shawo kan turjiya a Togo.
An gudanar da wannan binciken ne daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba na 2021 a wasu wurare na tsaro na NMCP a gundumomi uku na kiwon lafiya a kudancin Togo (Hoto na 1). An zaɓi wuraren sa ido guda biyar na NMCP don sa ido bisa ga yanayin ƙasa (yankunan tsafta daban-daban) da halayen muhalli (yawan ƙwayoyin cuta, wuraren kiwon tsutsotsi na dindindin): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyere da Kpeletoutou (Tebur 1).
Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa yawan sauro na Anopheles gambiae na yankin kudancin Togo suna jure wa magungunan kashe kwari da dama a fannin lafiyar jama'a, ban da pirimiphos-methyl. An lura da yawan juriyar pyrethroid a wurin binciken, mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da enzymes masu tsarkake jiki (oxidases, esterases da glutathione-s-transferases). An gano canjin kdr L1014F a cikin nau'ikan 'yan'uwa biyu Anopheles gambiae ss da Anopheles kruzi tare da mitoci masu canzawa amma masu yawa (>0.50), yayin da maye gurbin kdr L1014S ya faru a ƙarancin mita kuma an same shi ne kawai a cikin sauro na Anopheles cruzi. Masu haɗin gwiwa PBO da EA sun dawo da ɗan sassauci ga pyrethroids da organochlorines, bi da bi, a duk wuraren, yayin da DEF ta ƙara saurin kamuwa da carbamates da organophosphates a duk wuraren sai dai Anye. Waɗannan bayanai na iya taimakawa Shirin Kula da Zazzabin Maleriya na Ƙasa na Togo don haɓaka dabarun sarrafa vector mafi inganci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-23-2024