Ana amfani da gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari masu ɗorewa (ILNs) a matsayin shinge na zahiri don hana kamuwa da cutar malaria. A yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin magance cutar malaria shine amfani da ILNs. Duk da haka, bayanai kan amfani da ILNs a Habasha yana da iyaka. Saboda haka, wannan binciken yana da nufin tantance amfani da ILNs da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa tsakanin gidaje a Gundumar Yammacin Arsi, Jihar Oromia, Kudancin Habasha a 2023. An gudanar da wani bincike na al'umma a Gundumar Yammacin Arsi daga 1 zuwa 30 ga Mayu 2023 tare da samfurin gidaje 2808. An tattara bayanai daga gidaje ta amfani da tambayoyin da mai yin tambayoyi ya tsara. An duba bayanan, an rubuta su kuma an shigar da su cikin sigar Epiinfo ta 7 sannan aka tsaftace su kuma aka yi nazari ta amfani da sigar SPSS ta 25. An yi amfani da nazarin bayani don gabatar da mitoci, rabo da jadawali. An ƙididdige nazarin binary logistic regression kuma an zaɓi masu canji tare da ƙimar p ƙasa da 0.25 don haɗawa cikin samfurin multivariate. An fassara samfurin ƙarshe ta amfani da daidaitattun rabon rashin daidaito (tazara ta amincewa da kashi 95%, ƙimar p ƙasa da 0.05) don nuna alaƙar ƙididdiga tsakanin sakamakon da masu canji masu zaman kansu. Kimanin gidaje 2389 (86.2%) suna da gidajen kashe kwari masu ɗorewa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su yayin barci. Duk da haka, gabaɗaya amfani da gidajen kashe kwari masu ɗorewa shine kashi 69.9% (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Amfani da gidajen kashe kwari masu ɗorewa yana da alaƙa sosai da kasancewa mace shugabar gida (AOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33–4.15), adadin ɗakuna daban-daban a cikin gidan (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.23–2.29), lokacin maye gurbin gidan kashe kwari mai ɗorewa (AOR 2.81; 95% CI 2.18–5.35), da kuma ilimin masu amsawa (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48–6.97). Jimillar amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa a tsakanin gidaje a Habasha ya yi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin ƙasa (≥ 85). Binciken ya gano cewa abubuwa kamar shugaban iyali na mata, adadin ɗakuna daban-daban a cikin gida, lokacin maye gurbin gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa da kuma matakin ilimin waɗanda aka amsa su ne hasashen cewa 'yan gida suna amfani da LLIN. Saboda haka, domin ƙara yawan LLIN, Ofishin Lafiya na Gundumar West Alsi da masu ruwa da tsaki ya kamata su samar da bayanai masu dacewa ga jama'a da kuma ƙarfafa amfani da LLIN a matakin gida.
Zazzabin cizon sauro babbar matsala ce ta lafiyar jama'a a duniya kuma cuta ce mai yaduwa da ke haifar da rashin lafiya da mace-mace mai yawa. Cutar tana faruwa ne sakamakon wani nau'in kwayar cuta mai suna Plasmodium, wanda ake yadawa ta hanyar cizon sauro na mata masu suna Anopheles1,2. Kusan mutane biliyan 3.3 suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar maleriya, tare da mafi girman haɗarin a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara (SSA)3. Rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) na 2023 ya nuna cewa rabin al'ummar duniya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar maleriya, inda aka kiyasta cewa an samu rahoton kamuwa da cutar maleriya miliyan 233 a ƙasashe 29, waɗanda kimanin mutane 580,000 ke mutuwa, tare da yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara biyar da mata masu juna biyu waɗanda suka fi kamuwa da cutar3,4.
Binciken da aka yi a baya a Habasha ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke tasiri ga amfani da gidan sauro na dogon lokaci sun haɗa da sanin yanayin yaɗuwar cutar maleriya, bayanai da ma'aikatan faɗaɗa lafiya (HEWs) ke bayarwa, kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai, ilimi a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, halaye da rashin jin daɗi na jiki lokacin barci a ƙarƙashin gidan sauro na dogon lokaci, rashin iya rataye gidan sauro na dogon lokaci, rashin isassun kayan aiki don rataye gidan sauro, rashin isassun hanyoyin ilimi, rashin wadatattun kayan gidan sauro, haɗarin maleriya, da rashin sanin fa'idodin gidan sauro. 17,20,21 Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wasu halaye, gami da girman gida, shekaru, tarihin rauni, girma, siffa, launi, da adadin wuraren kwanciya, suna da alaƙa da amfani da gidan sauro na dogon lokaci. 5,17,18,22 Duk da haka, wasu bincike ba su gano wata muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin dukiyar gida da tsawon lokacin amfani da gidan sauro ba3,23.
An gano cewa ana amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa, waɗanda suka isa a sanya su a wuraren barci, akai-akai, kuma bincike da yawa a ƙasashen da ke fama da cutar malaria sun tabbatar da muhimmancinsu wajen rage hulɗa da mutane da masu yaɗa cutar malaria da sauran cututtuka da ake kamuwa da su ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta7,19,23. A yankunan da cutar malaria ta fi kamari, an nuna cewa rarraba gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa yana rage yawan kamuwa da cutar malaria, cututtuka masu tsanani, da kuma mace-macen da suka shafi malaria. An nuna cewa gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari suna rage yawan kamuwa da cutar malaria da kashi 48-50%. Idan aka yi amfani da su sosai, waɗannan gidajen sauro za su iya hana mace-macen da kashi 7% na 'yan ƙasa da shekara biyar ke yi a duniya24 kuma suna da alaƙa da raguwar haɗarin ƙarancin nauyin haihuwa da kuma asarar tayi25.
Ba a san ko mutane sun san amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa ba da kuma irin yadda suke siyan su. Sharhi da jita-jita game da rashin rataye gidajen sauro kwata-kwata, rataye su ba daidai ba kuma a cikin mummunan matsayi, da kuma rashin fifita yara da mata masu juna biyu ya cancanci a yi bincike a kansu sosai. Wani ƙalubale kuma shi ne fahimtar jama'a game da rawar da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa ke takawa wajen rigakafin cutar maleriya. 23 Yawan kamuwa da cutar maleriya ya yi yawa a yankunan da ke ƙasa da gundumar Arsi ta Yamma, kuma bayanai kan amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa a cikin gida da al'umma ba su da yawa. Saboda haka, manufar wannan binciken ita ce a tantance yawan amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da su a tsakanin gidaje a gundumar Arsi ta Yamma, yankin Oromia, kudu maso yammacin Habasha.
An gudanar da wani bincike na al'umma daga 1 zuwa 30 ga Mayu 2023 a Gundumar Arsi ta Yamma. Gundumar Arsi ta Yamma tana cikin Yankin Oromia da ke kudancin Habasha, kilomita 250 daga Addis Ababa. Yawan jama'ar yankin ya kai 2,926,749, wanda ya kunshi maza 1,434,107 da mata 1,492,642. A Gundumar Arsi ta Yamma, an kiyasta cewa mutane 963,102 a gundumomi shida da gari daya suna zaune cikin hatsarin kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro; duk da haka, gundumomi tara ba su da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Gundumar Arsi ta Yamma tana da kauyuka 352, daga cikinsu 136 ne cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta shafa. Daga cikin wuraren kiwon lafiya 356, 143 wuraren kula da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ne kuma akwai cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya 85, 32 daga cikinsu suna cikin yankunan da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta shafa. Asibitoci uku cikin biyar suna kula da marasa lafiya da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Yankin yana da koguna da wuraren ban ruwa da suka dace da kiwo sauro. A shekarar 2021, an rarraba magungunan kwari 312,224 masu ɗorewa a yankin don kai daukin gaggawa, sannan aka rarraba wani rukunin magungunan kwari 150,949 masu ɗorewa a tsakanin shekarar 2022-26.
An yi la'akari da cewa dukkan gidaje ne da ke yankin Yammacin Alsi da kuma waɗanda ke zaune a yankin a lokacin binciken.
An zaɓi mutanen da aka yi binciken ba zato ba tsammani daga dukkan gidaje masu cancanta a yankin Yammacin Alsi, da kuma waɗanda ke zaune a yankunan da ke da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar maleriya a lokacin binciken.
An haɗa dukkan gidaje da ke cikin ƙauyukan da aka zaɓa na Gundumar Yammacin Alsi kuma suna zaune a yankin binciken fiye da watanni shida.
An cire iyalan da ba su sami LLINs ba a lokacin rarrabawa da kuma waɗanda ba za su iya amsawa ba saboda matsalar ji da magana.
An ƙididdige girman samfurin don maƙasudi na biyu na abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da amfani da LLIN bisa ga dabarar rabon yawan jama'a ta amfani da software na ƙididdiga na Epi info version 7. Idan aka yi la'akari da kashi 95% na CI, ƙarfin 80% da ƙimar sakamako na 61.1% a cikin rukunin da ba a bayyana ba, an ɗauko zato daga wani bincike da aka gudanar a tsakiyar Indiya13 ta amfani da shugabannin gida marasa ilimi a matsayin mai canza abubuwa, tare da OR na 1.25. Ta amfani da zato na sama da kwatanta masu canji da manyan lambobi, an yi la'akari da mai canza "shugaban gida ba tare da ilimi ba" don tantance girman samfurin ƙarshe, saboda ya samar da babban girman samfurin mutane 2808.
An ware girman samfurin gwargwadon adadin gidaje a kowace ƙauye kuma an zaɓi gidaje 2808 daga ƙauyukan da suka dace ta amfani da hanyar ɗaukar samfuri mai sauƙi. An samo jimillar adadin gidaje a kowace ƙauye daga Tsarin Bayanin Lafiya na Ƙauye (CHIS). An zaɓi iyali na farko ta hanyar caca. Idan gidan wanda ya halarci binciken ya rufe a lokacin tattara bayanai, an yi aƙalla tambayoyi biyu na gaba kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin rashin amsawa.
Masu canzawa masu zaman kansu sune halayen zamantakewar al'umma (shekaru, matsayin aure, addini, ilimi, aiki, girman iyali, wurin zama, ƙabila da kuɗin shiga na wata-wata), matakin ilimi da kuma masu canzawa da ke da alaƙa da amfani da gidajen sauro na dogon lokaci.
An yi wa gidaje tambayoyi goma sha uku kan ilimin amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa. An ba da amsa daidai da maki 1, kuma an ba da amsa mara daidai da maki 0. Bayan taƙaita sakamakon kowanne mahalarta, an ƙididdige matsakaicin maki, kuma an ɗauki mahalarta da maki sama da matsakaicin a matsayin "masu ilimi mai kyau" kuma mahalarta da maki ƙasa da matsakaicin an ɗauke su a matsayin "marasa ilimi" game da amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa.
An tattara bayanai ta amfani da tambayoyi masu tsari da aka gudanar fuska da fuska ta hanyar mai yin hira kuma an daidaita su daga littattafai daban-daban2,3,7,19. Binciken ya haɗa da halayen zamantakewa da alƙaluma, halayen muhalli da kuma ilimin mahalarta game da amfani da ISIS. An tattara bayanai daga mutane 28 a yankin da ake fama da cutar malaria, a wajen wuraren tattara bayanai, kuma kwararru 7 na maleriya daga cibiyoyin lafiya suna kula da su kowace rana.
An shirya tambayoyin da Turanci kuma an fassara su zuwa harshen gida (Afan Oromo) sannan aka sake fassara su zuwa Turanci don duba daidaito. An riga an gwada tambayoyin a kan kashi 5% na samfurin (135) a wajen cibiyar kula da lafiya ta binciken. Bayan an yi gwaji kafin a yi, an gyara tambayoyin don yiwuwar fayyace su da kuma sauƙaƙa musu kalmomi. An gudanar da binciken tsaftace bayanai, cikawa, iyaka da dabaru akai-akai don tabbatar da ingancin bayanai kafin shigar da bayanai. Bayan an duba tare da mai kula, an cire duk bayanan da ba su cika ba kuma marasa daidaito daga bayanan. Masu tattara bayanai da masu kula da bayanai sun sami horo na kwana ɗaya kan yadda da kuma irin bayanan da za a tattara. Mai binciken ya sa ido kan masu tattara bayanai da masu kula da bayanai don tabbatar da ingancin bayanai yayin tattara bayanai.
An duba bayanan don daidaito da daidaito, sannan aka rubuta lambar kuma aka shigar da su cikin sigar Epi-info ta 7, sannan aka tsaftace aka yi nazari ta amfani da sigar SPSS ta 25. An yi amfani da ƙididdiga masu bayani kamar mita, rabo, da jadawali don gabatar da sakamakon. An ƙididdige nazarin koma-baya na binary binary bivariate, kuma an zaɓi covariates tare da ƙimar p ƙasa da 0.25 a cikin samfurin bivariate don haɗawa a cikin samfurin multivariate. An fassara samfurin ƙarshe ta amfani da daidaitattun rabo na rashin daidaito, tazara na amincewa 95%, da ƙimar p < 0.05 don tantance alaƙar da ke tsakanin sakamakon da masu canji masu zaman kansu. An gwada Multicollinearity ta amfani da kuskuren yau da kullun (SE), wanda bai kai 2 ba a cikin wannan binciken. An yi amfani da gwajin kyau na Hosmer da Lemeshow don gwada dacewa da samfurin, kuma ƙimar p na gwajin Hosmer da Lemeshow a cikin wannan binciken shine 0.746.
Kafin gudanar da binciken, an sami amincewar ɗabi'a daga Kwamitin Ɗabi'ar Lafiya na Gundumar West Elsea bisa ga Sanarwar Helsinki. Bayan bayyana manufar binciken, an sami wasiƙun izini na hukuma daga hukumomin kiwon lafiya na gunduma da na birni da aka zaɓa. An sanar da mahalarta binciken game da manufar binciken, sirri, da sirri. An sami izini na baki daga mahalarta binciken kafin ainihin tsarin tattara bayanai. Ba a rubuta sunayen waɗanda suka amsa ba, amma an bai wa kowane mai amsa lambar sirri don kiyaye sirri.
Daga cikin waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi, mafi yawansu (2738, 98.8%) sun ji labarin amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa. Dangane da tushen bayanai game da amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa, yawancin waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi 2202 (71.1%) sun karɓi shi daga masu ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Kusan dukkan waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi 2735 (99.9%) sun san cewa ana iya gyara magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa. Kusan dukkan waɗanda suka yi wa tambayoyi 2614 (95.5%) sun san game da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa domin suna iya hana zazzabin cizon sauro. Yawancin gidaje 2529 (91.5%) suna da kyakkyawar ilimi game da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa. Matsakaicin ilimin gida game da amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa shine 7.77 tare da daidaitaccen bambanci na ± 0.91 (Tebur 2).
A cikin nazarin abubuwa biyu-bivariate da ke da alaƙa da amfani da gidan sauro na dogon lokaci, masu canji kamar jinsi na wanda ake ƙara, wurin zama, girman iyali, matsayin ilimi, matsayin aure, aikin wanda ake ƙara, adadin ɗakuna daban-daban a gidan, sanin gidan sauro mai ɗorewa, wurin siyan gidan sauro mai ɗorewa, tsawon lokacin amfani da gidan sauro na dogon lokaci, da adadin gidan sauro a cikin gidan an danganta su da amfani da gidan sauro na dogon lokaci. Bayan daidaitawa don abubuwan da ke da rikitarwa, duk masu canji tare da ƙimar p < 0.25 a cikin nazarin bivariate an haɗa su cikin nazarin regression multivariate logistic.
Manufar wannan binciken ita ce tantance amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da su a cikin gidaje a Gundumar Yammacin Arsi, Habasha. Binciken ya gano cewa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa sun haɗa da jinsin mata na waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi, adadin ɗakunan da ke cikin gidan, tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don maye gurbin gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa, da kuma matakin ilimin waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi, waɗanda suka yi daidai da amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa.
Wannan rashin jituwa na iya faruwa ne saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin girman samfurin, yawan mutanen da aka yi nazari a kansu, yanayin nazarin yanki, da kuma yanayin tattalin arziki. A halin yanzu, a Habasha, Ma'aikatar Lafiya tana aiwatar da matakai da dama don rage nauyin cutar malaria ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin rigakafin malaria cikin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na farko, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen rage cututtuka da mace-mace da suka shafi malaria.
Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa shugabannin gidaje mata sun fi amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu ɗorewa idan aka kwatanta da maza. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da binciken da aka gudanar a Gundumar Ilugalan5, Yankin Raya Alamata33 da Arbaminchi Town34, Habasha, wanda ya nuna cewa mata sun fi maza amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu ɗorewa. Wannan kuma yana iya zama sakamakon al'adar al'ummar Habasha wadda ke daraja mata fiye da maza, kuma lokacin da mata suka zama shugabannin gidaje, maza ba sa fuskantar matsin lamba sosai don yanke shawarar amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu ɗorewa. Bugu da ƙari, an gudanar da binciken a yankin karkara, inda al'adu da ayyukan al'umma za su iya girmama mata masu juna biyu kuma su ba su fifiko wajen amfani da magungunan kashe kwari masu ɗorewa don hana kamuwa da cutar malaria.
Wani bincike da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa adadin ɗakunan da aka ware a gidajen mahalarta yana da alaƙa sosai da amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa. An tabbatar da wannan binciken ta hanyar bincike a gundumomin Gabashin Belessa7, Garan5, Adama21 da Bahir Dar20. Wannan yana iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa gidaje masu ƙarancin ɗakuna daban-daban a gidan sun fi amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa, yayin da gidaje masu ɗakuna daban-daban a gidan da kuma ƙarin 'yan uwa suna da yuwuwar amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa, wanda hakan na iya haifar da ƙarancin gidajen sauro a duk ɗakuna daban-daban.
Lokacin maye gurbin gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa yana da alaƙa sosai da amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa a gida. Mutanen da suka maye gurbin gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa har zuwa shekaru uku da suka gabata sun fi amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa fiye da waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu ƙasa da shekaru uku da suka gabata. Wannan binciken ya yi daidai da binciken da aka gudanar a garin Arbaminchi, Habasha34 da arewa maso yammacin Habasha20. Wannan yana iya zama saboda gidaje masu damar siyan sabbin gidajen sauro don maye gurbin tsoffin gidajen sauro suna da yuwuwar amfani da gidajen sauro masu ɗorewa a tsakanin 'yan gida, waɗanda za su iya jin gamsuwa da kuma ƙarin kwarin gwiwa don amfani da sabbin gidajen sauro don rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro.
Wani bincike na wannan binciken ya nuna cewa gidaje masu isasshen ilimi game da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa sun ninka yiwuwar amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa sau huɗu idan aka kwatanta da gidaje masu ƙarancin ilimi. Wannan binciken ya kuma yi daidai da binciken da aka gudanar a Hawassa da kudu maso yammacin Habasha18,22. Ana iya bayanin wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa yayin da ilimin gida da wayar da kan jama'a game da hanyoyin rigakafin yaɗuwa, abubuwan haɗari, tsanani da matakan rigakafin cututtuka na mutum ɗaya ke ƙaruwa, yuwuwar ɗaukar matakan rigakafi yana ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, kyakkyawan ilimi da fahimta mai kyau game da hanyoyin rigakafin malaria suna ƙarfafa yin amfani da magungunan kwari masu ɗorewa. Saboda haka, hanyoyin canza ɗabi'a suna nufin ƙarfafa bin shirye-shiryen rigakafin malaria tsakanin 'yan gida ta hanyar fifita abubuwan zamantakewa da al'adu da ilimi na duniya baki ɗaya.
Wannan binciken ya yi amfani da tsarin da ya bambanta kuma ba a nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu ba. Tuna nuna bambanci wataƙila ya faru. Lura da gidajen sauro ya tabbatar da cewa bayar da rahoton wasu sakamakon binciken (misali, amfani da gidajen sauro na daren da ya gabata, yawan wanke gidajen sauro, da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga) ya dogara ne akan rahotannin kai, waɗanda ke iya fuskantar nuna bambanci.
Jimillar amfani da gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari na dogon lokaci a cikin gidaje ya yi ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin ƙasar Habasha (≥ 85). Binciken ya gano cewa yawan amfani da gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari na dogon lokaci ya shafi ko shugaban iyali mace ce, adadin ɗakunan da ke cikin gidan, tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka don maye gurbin gidan sauro mai maganin kwari na dogon lokaci, da kuma yadda masu amsa suka fahimci ilimin da ake da shi. Saboda haka, Hukumar Lafiya ta Gundumar West Arsi da masu ruwa da tsaki ya kamata su yi aiki don ƙara amfani da gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari na dogon lokaci a matakin iyali ta hanyar yaɗa bayanai da horo mai dacewa, da kuma ta hanyar ci gaba da sadarwa don canza halaye don ƙara amfani da gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari na dogon lokaci. Ƙarfafa horar da masu sa kai, tsarin al'umma, da shugabannin addinai kan yadda ake amfani da gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari na dogon lokaci a matakin iyali.
Duk bayanan da aka samu da/ko aka yi nazari a kansu a lokacin binciken suna samuwa ne daga marubucin da ya dace bisa ga buƙata mai ma'ana.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-07-2025