Lokacin da ICI ta kaddamar da paraquat a kasuwa a cikin 1962, ba wanda zai taba tunanin cewa paraquat zai fuskanci irin wannan mummunan hali a nan gaba.An jera wannan ingantaccen maganin ciyawa wanda ba a zaɓe ba a cikin jerin na biyu mafi girma na maganin ciyawa a duniya.Faduwar ya taba zama abin kunya, amma tare da ci gaba da tsadar farashin Shuangcao a wannan shekara kuma mai yiwuwa ya ci gaba da hauhawa, yana kokawa a kasuwannin duniya, amma paraquat mai araha yana haifar da farkon bege.
Kyakkyawan maganin ciyawa mara zaɓi
Paraquat shine maganin herbicide na bipyridine.Maganin ciyawa shine maganin ciyawa mara zaɓi wanda ICI ta haɓaka a cikin 1950s.Yana da babban bakan herbicidal, aikin tuntuɓar sauri, juriya na zaizayar ruwan sama, da rashin zaɓi.Da sauran kyawawan halaye.
Ana iya amfani da Paraquat don sarrafa ciyawa kafin dasa ko kuma bayan fitowar ciyawa a cikin gonakin gona, masara, rake, waken soya da sauran amfanin gona.Ana iya amfani da shi azaman desiccant a lokacin girbi da kuma a matsayin defoliant.
Paraquat yana kashe membrane na chloroplast na weeds musamman ta hanyar tuntuɓar sassan kore na weeds, yana shafar samuwar chlorophyll a cikin weeds, ta haka yana shafar photosynthesis na weeds, kuma a ƙarshe yana hanzarta dakatar da ci gaban ciyawa.Paraquat yana da tasiri mai ɓarna mai ƙarfi akan koren kyallen takarda na tsire-tsire na monocot da dicot.Gabaɗaya, za a iya canza launin ciyawa a cikin sa'o'i 2 zuwa 3 bayan aikace-aikacen.
Halin halin da ake ciki da fitarwa na paraquat
Sakamakon gubar paraquat ga jikin ɗan adam da kuma yiwuwar cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam yayin aiwatar da aikace-aikacen ba bisa ka'ida ba, kasashe sama da 30 sun haramta paraquat da suka haɗa da Tarayyar Turai, China, Thailand, Switzerland da Brazil.
Dangane da bayanan da Rahoton Bincike 360 ya fitar, tallace-tallacen paraquat a duniya a cikin 2020 ya faɗi kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 100.Dangane da rahoton Syngenta kan paraquat da aka fitar a cikin 2021, a halin yanzu Syngenta yana siyar da paraquat a cikin ƙasashe 28.Akwai kamfanoni 377 a duk faɗin duniya waɗanda suka yi rajistar ingantattun kayan aikin paraquat.Syngenta yana lissafin kusan ɗaya daga cikin tallace-tallacen paraquat na duniya.Kwata kwata.
A shekarar 2018, kasar Sin ta fitar da ton 64,000 na paraquat da tan 56,000 a shekarar 2019. Manyan wuraren da jirgin na kasar Sin ya kai a shekarar 2019 sun hada da Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, Amurka, Mexico, Thailand, Australia da dai sauransu.
Ko da yake an haramta amfani da paraquat a cikin muhimman ƙasashe masu samar da noma irin su Tarayyar Turai, Brazil, da China, kuma an rage yawan fitar da kayayyaki a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, a cikin yanayi na musamman da farashin glyphosate da glufosinate-ammonium ke ci gaba da karuwa. zama babba a wannan shekara kuma ana iya ci gaba da haɓakawa, Paraquat, nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in matsananciyar matsananciyar wahala, zai kawo sabon kuzari.
Babban farashin Shuangcao yana haɓaka buƙatar paraquat na duniya
A baya, lokacin da farashin glyphosate ya kasance yuan 26,000 / ton, paraquat ya kasance yuan 13,000 / ton.Farashin glyphosate na yanzu yana da yuan 80,000 / ton, kuma farashin glufosinate ya haura yuan 350,000.A da, kololuwar bukatar paraquat a duniya ta kasance kusan tan 260,000 (dangane da 42% na ainihin samfurin), wanda kusan tan 80,000 ne.Kasuwar Sin tana da kusan tan 15,000, Brazil tan 10,000, Thailand tan 10,000, da Indonesia, Amurka, da Thailand.Najeriya, Indiya da sauran kasashe.
Tare da hana magungunan gargajiya irin su China, Brazil, da Thailand, a ka'idar, an sami 'yantar da fiye da tan 30,000 na sararin kasuwa.Duk da haka, a wannan shekara, tare da saurin karuwa a farashin "Shuangcao" da Diquat, da kuma kasuwannin da ba a ba da izini ba a Amurka Tare da sassaucin ra'ayi na aikace-aikacen inji, buƙatun kasuwancin Amurka ko Arewacin Amirka ya karu da kusan 20%, wanda ya zaburar da bukatar paraquat kuma ya goyi bayan farashinsa zuwa wani matsayi.A halin yanzu, ƙimar farashi/aiki na paraquat ya fi gasa idan ya kasance ƙasa da 40,000.karfi.
Bugu da ƙari, masu karatu a kudu maso gabashin Asiya gabaɗaya sun ba da rahoton cewa a yankuna irin su Vietnam, Malaysia, da Brazil, ciyawa suna girma cikin sauri a lokacin damina, kuma paraquat yana da tsayayyar zaizayar ruwan sama.Farashin sauran magungunan biocidal sun tashi da yawa.Manoma a wadannan yankuna har yanzu suna da matsananciyar bukata.Abokan ciniki na yankin sun ce yiwuwar samun paraquat daga tashoshi masu launin toka kamar cinikin kan iyaka yana karuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, albarkatun ƙasa na paraquat, pyridine, na cikin masana'antar sinadarai na kwal.A halin yanzu farashin ya tsaya tsayin daka akan yuan 28,000/ton, wanda hakika babban karuwa ne daga mafi karancin yuan 21,000 a baya, amma a wancan lokacin yuan 21,000 ya riga ya yi ƙasa da layin farashin yuan dubu 2.4. .Sabili da haka, kodayake farashin pyridine ya tashi, har yanzu yana kan farashi mai ma'ana, wanda zai ƙara amfanar karuwar buƙatar paraquat a duniya.Ana kuma sa ran yawancin masana'antar paraquat na cikin gida za su amfana da shi.
Ƙarfin manyan kamfanonin samar da paraquat
A wannan shekara, ana fitar da karfin samar da paraquat (ta kashi 100%), kuma kasar Sin ita ce babbar mai samar da paraquat.An fahimci cewa, kamfanoni na cikin gida irin su Red Sun, Jiangsu Nuoen, Shandong Luba, Hebei Baofeng, Hebei Lingang, da Syngenta Nantong suna samar da paraquat.A baya can, lokacin da paraquat ya kasance mafi kyau, Shandong Dacheng, Sanonda, Lvfeng, Yongnong, Qiaochang, da Xianlong suna cikin masu kera na'urar.An fahimci cewa waɗannan kamfanoni ba sa samar da paraquat.
Red Sun yana da tsire-tsire guda uku don samar da paraquat.Daga cikin su, Nanjing Red Sun Biochemical Co., Ltd. yana da damar samar da tan 8,000-10,000.Yana cikin Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park.A bara, 42% na samfuran jiki sun sami fitowar tan 2,500-3,000 kowane wata.A wannan shekara, ya daina samarwa gaba ɗaya..Kamfanin Anhui Guoxing yana da karfin samar da ton 20,000.Kamfanin Shandong Kexin yana da karfin samar da ton 2,000.An saki ƙarfin samar da Red Sun a kashi 70%.
Jiangsu Nuoen yana da ikon samar da tan 12,000 na paraquat, kuma ainihin abin da ake samarwa ya kai ton 10,000, wanda ke fitar da kusan kashi 80% na karfinsa;Shandong Luba yana da karfin samar da tan 10,000 na paraquat, kuma ainihin abin da ya samar ya kai ton 7,000, wanda ke fitar da kusan kashi 70% na karfin samar da shi;Hebei Baofeng na samar da paraquat shine ton 5,000;Hebei Lingang yana da ikon samar da tan 5,000 na paraquat, kuma ainihin abin da ake samarwa ya kai tan 3,500;Syngenta Nantong yana da damar samar da ton 10,000 na paraquat, kuma ainihin abin da ake samarwa ya kai ton 5,000.
Bugu da kari, Syngenta yana da wurin samar da ton 9,000 a cikin masana'antar Huddersfield a Burtaniya da ginin tan 1,000 a Brazil.An fahimci cewa a bana ma cutar ta yi kamari a wani yanayi na raguwar samar da kayayyaki, wanda ya rage yawan amfanin gona da kashi 50% a lokaci guda.
taƙaitawa
Paraquat har yanzu yana da fa'idodin da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a duniya.Bugu da ƙari, farashin halin yanzu na glyphosate da glufosinate a matsayin masu fafatawa a matsayin masu fafatawa a matsayi mai girma kuma wadata yana da wuyar gaske, wanda ke ba da tunani mai yawa don karuwar bukatar paraquat.
A watan Fabrairun shekara mai zuwa ne za a gudanar da gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi ta birnin Beijing.Tun daga watan Janairun 2022, manyan masana'antu da yawa a arewacin kasar Sin na fuskantar hadarin dakatar da samar da kayayyakin na tsawon kwanaki 45.A halin yanzu, yana da yuwuwa, amma har yanzu akwai ƙayyadaddun rashin tabbas.Dakatar da samarwa ya daure don kara tsananta tashin hankali tsakanin samarwa da buƙatun glyphosate da sauran samfuran.Ana sa ran samarwa da tallace-tallace na Paraquat za su yi amfani da wannan damar don samun haɓaka.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-24-2021