Tun lokacin da aka gano shi a kasar Djibouti a shekarar 2012, sauro mai suna Anopheles stephensi na Asiya ya yadu a cikin kahon Afirka. Wannan mugun nufi na ci gaba da yaduwa a fadin nahiyar, yana yin babbar barazana ga shirye-shiryen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro. Hanyoyin kula da ƙwayoyin cuta, da suka haɗa da gidan saura na gado da maganin kashe kwari da feshi a cikin gida, sun rage nauyin zazzabin cizon sauro sosai. Koyaya, karuwar yaduwar sauro masu jure wa kwari, gami da yawan jama'ar Anopheles stephensi, yana kawo cikas ga kokarin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro. Fahimtar tsarin yawan jama'a, yaduwar kwayoyin halitta tsakanin al'ummomi, da rarraba maye gurbi na maganin kwari yana da mahimmanci don jagorantar ingantattun dabarun magance zazzabin cizon sauro.
Inganta fahimtar mu na yadda An. stephensi ya zama haka kafa a cikin HOA yana da mahimmanci don tsinkayar yuwuwar yada shi zuwa sabbin yankuna. An yi amfani da jinsin jama'a da yawa don nazarin nau'in vector don samun fahimtar tsarin yawan jama'a, zaɓin ci gaba, da kwararar kwayoyin halitta18,19. Don An. stephensi, nazarin tsarin yawan jama'a da tsarin kwayoyin halitta na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana hanyar mamayewa da duk wani juyin halitta mai daidaitawa wanda zai iya faruwa tun fitowar sa. Baya ga kwararar kwayoyin halitta, zabin yana da mahimmanci musamman domin yana iya gano alluran da ke da alaƙa da juriya na kwari da kuma ba da haske kan yadda waɗannan alluran ke yaɗuwa cikin jama'a20.
Har ya zuwa yau, gwajin alamun juriya na kwari da kwayoyin halittar jama'a a cikin nau'ikan masu cin zarafi Anopheles stephensi an iyakance shi ga wasu 'yan takara. Ba a cika fahimtar fitowar nau'in a Afirka ba, amma wata hasashe ita ce, mutane ko dabbobi ne suka bullo da shi. Sauran ra'ayoyin sun haɗa da ƙaura mai nisa ta hanyar iska. An tattara keɓancewar Habasha da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken a Awash Sebat Kilo, wani gari mai nisan kilomita 200 gabas da Addis Ababa kuma kan babbar hanyar sufuri daga Addis Ababa zuwa Djibouti. Yankin Awash Sebat Kilo dai yanki ne da ke fama da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma yana da dimbin al’umma na Anopheles stephensi, wanda aka ruwaito yana da juriya da maganin kwari, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama wani muhimmin wuri na nazarin kwayoyin halittar Anopheles stephensi8.
An gano maye gurbi na kdr L1014F a ƙananan mitar a cikin al'ummar Habasha kuma ba a gano shi a cikin samfuran filin Indiya ba. Wannan maye gurbin kdr yana ba da juriya ga pyrethroids da DDT kuma an riga an gano shi a cikin An. Yawan mutanen stephensi da aka tattara a Indiya a cikin 2016 da Afganistan a cikin 2018.31,32 Duk da shaidar yaɗuwar juriya na pyrethroid a cikin biranen biyu, ba a gano maye gurbin kdr L1014F a cikin al'ummomin Mangalore da Bangalore da aka bincika a nan. Ƙananan kaso na keɓancewar Habasha ɗauke da wannan SNP waɗanda ke da heterozygous yana nuna cewa maye gurbin ya taso kwanan nan a cikin wannan yawan. Wannan yana goyan bayan wani binciken da ya gabata a Awash wanda bai sami wata shaida na maye gurbin kdr a cikin samfuran da aka tattara a cikin shekara kafin waɗanda aka bincika anan.18 A baya mun gano wannan maye gurbin kdr L1014F a ƙananan mitar a cikin saitin samfurori daga wannan yanki / shekara ta amfani da tsarin gano amplicon. ke da alhakin wannan phenotype da aka lura.
Ƙayyadaddun wannan binciken shine rashin bayanan phenotypic akan martanin maganin kwari. Ana buƙatar ƙarin karatun da ke haɗa dukkanin jerin kwayoyin halitta (WGS) ko tsarin amplicon da aka yi niyya a hade tare da bioassays masu lahani don bincika tasirin waɗannan maye gurbi akan amsawar kwari. Waɗannan SNPs na rashin kuskuren labari waɗanda za a iya danganta su da juriya yakamata a yi niyya don ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin cuta masu girma don tallafawa saka idanu da sauƙaƙe aikin aiki don fahimta da tabbatar da yuwuwar hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da juriya phenotypes.
A taƙaice, wannan binciken yana ba da zurfin fahimtar kwayoyin halittar sauro Anopheles a fadin nahiyoyi. Aiwatar da cikakken binciken jerin kwayoyin halitta (WGS) zuwa manyan gungun samfurori a yankuna daban-daban na yanki zai zama mabuɗin fahimtar kwararar kwayoyin halitta da gano alamun juriyar kwari. Wannan ilimin zai baiwa hukumomin kiwon lafiyar jama'a damar yin zaɓi na gaskiya a cikin sa ido da amfani da kwari.
Mun yi amfani da hanyoyi biyu don gano bambancin lambar kwafi a cikin wannan saitin bayanai. Na farko, mun yi amfani da tsarin da ya dogara da ɗaukar hoto wanda ya mayar da hankali ga gano tarin ƙwayoyin halittar CYP a cikin kwayoyin halitta (Ƙarin Teburin S5). An ƙididdige yawan ɗaukar hoto a cikin wuraren tattarawa kuma an raba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu: Habasha, filayen Indiya, mazaunan Indiya, da yankunan Pakistan. An daidaita ɗaukar hoto don kowane rukuni ta amfani da santsin kwaya sannan aka tsara shi bisa ga zurfin ɗaukar hoto na tsakiya na wannan rukunin.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2025