Rarraba ruwan sama na yanayi a lardin Guizhou ba shi da daidaito, tare da ƙarin ruwan sama a lokacin bazara da bazara, amma 'ya'yan itacen rapeseed suna iya fuskantar matsin lamba na fari a lokacin kaka da hunturu, wanda ke shafar yawan amfanin gona sosai. Mustard wani amfanin gona ne na musamman na iri mai wanda galibi ake nomawa a lardin Guizhou. Yana da juriyar fari mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya noma shi a yankunan tsaunuka. Yana da wadataccen albarkatun kwayoyin halitta masu jure fari. Gano kwayoyin halitta masu jure fari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don inganta nau'ikan mustard. da kuma kirkire-kirkire a cikin albarkatun germplasm. Iyalin GRF suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin girma da ci gaban shuke-shuke da kuma mayar da martani ga matsin lamba na fari. A halin yanzu, an sami kwayoyin halittar GRF a cikin Arabidopsis 2, shinkafa (Oryza sativa) 12, rapeseed 13, auduga (Gossypium hirsutum) 14, alkama (Triticum). aestivum)15, gero lu'u-lu'u (Setaria italica)16 da Brassica17, amma babu rahotannin kwayoyin halittar GRF da aka gano a cikin mustard. A cikin wannan binciken, an gano kwayoyin halittar dangin GRF na mustard a matakin kwayar halitta kuma an yi nazarin halayensu na zahiri da na sinadarai, dangantakar juyin halitta, daidaituwa, abubuwan da aka kiyaye, tsarin kwayar halitta, kwafi na kwayar halitta, abubuwan cis-elements da matakin shuka (matakin ganye huɗu). An yi cikakken nazari kan yanayin bayyanar da ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na fari don samar da tushen kimiyya don ƙarin bincike kan yuwuwar aikin kwayoyin halittar BjGRF a cikin martanin fari da kuma samar da kwayoyin halittar da za su iya haifar da mustard mai jure fari.
An gano kwayoyin halittar BjGRF guda talatin da huɗu a cikin kwayar halittar Brassica juncea ta amfani da binciken HMMER guda biyu, waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da yankunan QLQ da WRC. Jerin CDS na kwayoyin halittar BjGRF da aka gano an gabatar da su a cikin Teburin Ƙarin S1. An sanya wa BjGRF01–BjGRF34 suna bisa ga wurin da suke kan chromosome. Halayen kimiyyar sinadarai na wannan iyali sun nuna cewa tsawon amino acid yana da matuƙar canzawa, daga 261 aa (BjGRF19) zuwa 905 aa (BjGRF28). Matsayin isoelectric na BjGRF yana daga 6.19 (BjGRF02) zuwa 9.35 (BjGRF03) tare da matsakaicin 8.33, kuma 88.24% na BjGRF furotin ne na asali. An yi hasashen cewa nauyin kwayoyin halitta na BjGRF yana daga 29.82 kDa (BjGRF19) zuwa 102.90 kDa (BjGRF28); ma'aunin rashin daidaito na sunadaran BjGRF ya kama daga 51.13 (BjGRF08) zuwa 78.24 (BjGRF19), duk sun fi 40 girma, wanda ke nuna cewa ma'aunin kitse mai ya kama daga 43.65 (BjGRF01) zuwa 78.78 (BjGRF22), matsakaicin hydrophilicity (GRAVY) ya kama daga -1.07 (BjGRF31) zuwa -0.45 (BjGRF22), duk sunadaran BjGRF masu hydrophilic suna da ƙimar GRAVY mara kyau, wanda wataƙila ya faru ne saboda rashin hydrophobicity da ragowar ke haifarwa. Hasashen wurin da aka gano a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa sunadaran BjGRF 31 da aka rubuta a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta za a iya gano su a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, BjGRF04 za a iya gano su a cikin peroxisomes, BjGRF25 za a iya gano su a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, kuma BjGRF28 za a iya gano su a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta (Tebur 1), wanda ke nuna cewa BjGRFs na iya kasancewa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin abin da ke haifar da rubutu.
Binciken kwayoyin halittar iyalai na GRF a cikin nau'ikan halittu daban-daban na iya taimakawa wajen nazarin ayyukan kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, an sauke cikakken jerin amino acid na rapeseed 35, turnip 16, shinkafa 12, gero 10 da Arabidopsis GRF 9 kuma an gina bishiyar phylogenetic bisa ga kwayoyin halittar BjGRF 34 da aka gano (Hoto na 1). Iyalai uku sun ƙunshi adadi daban-daban na membobi; TFs 116 na GRF an raba su zuwa ƙananan iyalai uku daban-daban (ƙungiyoyi A~C), waɗanda ke ɗauke da 59 (50.86%), 34 (29.31%) da 23 (19.83)% na GRFs, bi da bi. Daga cikinsu, membobin iyali na BjGRF 34 sun bazu a cikin ƙananan iyalai 3: membobi 13 a cikin rukunin A (38.24%), membobi 12 a rukunin B (35.29%) da membobi 9 a rukunin C (26.47%). A cikin tsarin polyploidization na mustard, adadin kwayoyin halittar BjGRFs a cikin ƙananan iyalai daban-daban ya bambanta, kuma ƙila an sami ƙaruwar kwayoyin halitta da asara. Ya kamata a lura cewa babu rarraba GRFs na shinkafa da gero a cikin rukunin C, yayin da akwai GRFs na shinkafa 2 da GRF na gero 1 a cikin rukunin B, kuma yawancin GRFs na shinkafa da gero an haɗa su a cikin reshe ɗaya, wanda ke nuna cewa BjGRFs suna da alaƙa da dicots. Daga cikinsu, bincike mafi zurfi kan aikin GRF a cikin Arabidopsis thaliana yana ba da tushe don nazarin aiki na BjGRFs.
Itacen mustard mai siffar phylogenetic wanda ya haɗa da Brassica napus, Brassica napus, shinkafa, gero da kuma membobin dangin Arabidopsis thaliana GRF.
Binciken kwayoyin halitta masu maimaitawa a cikin dangin mustard GRF. Layin launin toka a bango yana wakiltar wani toshe mai daidaitawa a cikin kwayar halittar mustard, layin ja yana wakiltar maimaitawar kwayoyin halittar BjGRF guda biyu;
Bayyanar kwayar halittar BjGRF a ƙarƙashin matsin fari a matakin ganye na huɗu. An nuna bayanan qRT-PCR a cikin Tebur na Ƙarin S5. Ana nuna manyan bambance-bambance a cikin bayanai ta ƙananan haruffa.
Yayin da yanayin duniya ke ci gaba da canzawa, nazarin yadda amfanin gona ke jure wa damuwar fari da inganta hanyoyin jure musu ya zama babban batu na bincike mai zafi18. Bayan fari, tsarin halittar jiki, bayyanar kwayoyin halitta da hanyoyin rayuwa na tsirrai za su canza, wanda zai iya haifar da dakatar da photosynthesis da rikicewar metabolism, yana shafar yawan amfanin gona da ingancin amfanin gona19,20,21. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka ji alamun fari, suna samar da manzanni na biyu kamar Ca2+ da phosphatidylinositol, suna ƙara yawan sinadarin calcium ion a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma suna kunna hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar phosphorylation na furotin22,23. Protein na ƙarshe da aka nufa yana da hannu kai tsaye a cikin kariyar ƙwayoyin halitta ko kuma yana daidaita bayyanar kwayoyin halittar damuwa masu alaƙa ta hanyar TFs, yana haɓaka juriya ga tsirrai ga damuwa24,25. Don haka, TFs suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen mayar da martani ga damuwar fari. Dangane da jerin halaye da ɗaura DNA na TFs masu amsawa ga damuwar fari, ana iya raba TFs zuwa iyalai daban-daban, kamar GRF, ERF, MYB, WRKY da sauran iyalai26.
Iyalin kwayar halittar GRF wani nau'in TF ne na musamman ga tsirrai wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni daban-daban kamar girma, ci gaba, canja wurin sigina da martanin kare tsirrai27. Tun lokacin da aka gano kwayar halittar GRF ta farko a cikin O. sativa28, an gano ƙarin kwayoyin halittar GRF a cikin nau'ikan halittu da yawa kuma an nuna cewa suna shafar girman shuka, ci gaba da martanin damuwa8, 29, 30, 31, 32. Tare da buga jerin kwayoyin halittar Brassica juncea, gano dangin kwayar halittar BjGRF ya zama mai yiwuwa33. A cikin wannan binciken, an gano kwayoyin halittar BjGRF 34 a cikin dukkan kwayar halittar mustard kuma an sanya musu suna BjGRF01–BjGRF34 bisa ga matsayinsu na chromosome. Dukansu suna ɗauke da yankunan QLQ da WRC masu kariya sosai. Binciken halayen kimiyyar lissafi ya nuna cewa bambance-bambancen da ke cikin lambobin amino acid da nauyin kwayoyin halittar sunadaran BjGRF (banda BjGRF28) ba su da mahimmanci, wanda ke nuna cewa membobin dangin BjGRF na iya samun ayyuka iri ɗaya. Binciken tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa kashi 64.7% na kwayoyin halittar BjGRF sun ƙunshi exons guda 4, wanda ke nuna cewa tsarin kwayoyin halittar BjGRF yana da ɗan kiyayewa a cikin juyin halitta, amma adadin exons a cikin kwayoyin halittar BjGRF10, BjGRF16, BjGRP28 da BjGRF29 ya fi girma. Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙara ko share exons ko introns na iya haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta da aiki, ta haka ne ke ƙirƙirar sabbin kwayoyin halitta34,35,36. Saboda haka, muna hasashen cewa intron na BjGRF ya ɓace yayin juyin halitta, wanda zai iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin aikin kwayoyin halitta. Daidai da binciken da ake da shi, mun kuma gano cewa adadin introns yana da alaƙa da bayyanar kwayoyin halitta. Lokacin da adadin introns a cikin kwayar halitta ya yi yawa, kwayar halittar za ta iya amsawa da sauri ga abubuwa daban-daban marasa kyau.
Kwafiyar kwayoyin halitta babban abu ne a cikin juyin halittar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta37. Nazarin da suka shafi hakan ya nuna cewa kwafiyar kwayoyin halitta ba wai kawai yana ƙara yawan kwayoyin halittar GRF ba, har ma yana aiki a matsayin hanyar samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta don taimakawa tsire-tsire su daidaita da yanayi daban-daban na muhalli marasa kyau38. An sami jimillar nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta guda 48 a cikin wannan binciken, waɗanda duk kwafi ne na sassan, suna nuna cewa kwafi na sassan sune babban hanyar ƙara yawan kwayoyin halitta a cikin wannan iyali. An ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen cewa kwafi na sassan na iya haɓaka haɓaka membobin dangin kwayoyin halitta na GRF a cikin Arabidopsis da strawberry yadda ya kamata, kuma ba a sami kwafi na wannan dangin kwayoyin halitta a cikin kowane nau'in ba27,39. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya yi daidai da binciken da ake da shi kan iyalan Arabidopsis thaliana da strawberry, yana nuna cewa dangin GRF na iya ƙara yawan kwayoyin halitta da kuma samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar kwafi na sassan a cikin tsire-tsire daban-daban.
A cikin wannan binciken, an gano jimillar kwayoyin halittar BjGRF guda 34 a cikin mustard, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙananan iyalai 3. Waɗannan kwayoyin halittar sun nuna irin waɗannan siffofi da aka kiyaye da kuma tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Binciken Collinearity ya nuna nau'i-nau'i 48 na kwafi na sassan mustard. Yankin mai haɓaka BjGRF ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke aiki da cis waɗanda ke da alaƙa da amsawar haske, amsawar hormones, amsawar damuwa ta muhalli, da girma da ci gaba. An gano bayyanar kwayoyin halittar BjGRF guda 34 a matakin shukar mustard (tushe, tushe, ganye), da kuma tsarin bayyanar kwayoyin halittar BjGRF guda 10 a ƙarƙashin yanayin fari. An gano cewa tsarin bayyanar kwayoyin halittar BjGRF a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na fari sun yi kama da juna kuma suna iya zama iri ɗaya. shiga cikin ƙa'idar tilasta fari. Kwayoyin halittar BjGRF03 da BjGRF32 na iya taka rawa mai kyau a cikin matsin lamba na fari, yayin da kwayoyin halittar BjGRF06 da BjGRF23 ke taka rawa a cikin matsin lamba na fari a matsayin kwayoyin halittar miR396 da aka nufa. Gabaɗaya, bincikenmu yana ba da tushen halitta don gano aikin kwayar halittar BjGRF a nan gaba a cikin tsire-tsire na Brassicaceae.
Cibiyar Bincike Kan Irin Man Guizhou, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Noma ta Guizhou ce ta samar da irin mustard ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi a wannan gwajin. Zaɓi dukkan iri sannan a dasa su a cikin ƙasa (ƙasa: ƙasa = 3:1), sannan a tattara saiwoyi, tushe da ganye bayan matakin ganye huɗu. An yi wa tsire-tsire magani da kashi 20% na PEG 6000 don kwaikwayon fari, kuma an tattara ganyen bayan awanni 0, 3, 6, 12 da 24. An daskare duk samfuran shuka nan da nan a cikin ruwa mai nitrogen sannan a adana su a cikin injin daskarewa mai -80°C don gwaji na gaba.
Duk bayanan da aka samu ko aka yi nazari a kansu a lokacin wannan binciken an haɗa su a cikin labarin da aka buga da fayilolin ƙarin bayani.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-22-2025