Mun tantance magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don magance cututtuka a Cibiyar Bincike da Bincike ta William H. Daniel Turfgrass da ke Jami'ar Purdue da ke West Lafayette, Indiana. Mun gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kore kan ciyawar 'Crenshaw' da 'Pennlinks'.
Hoto na 1: Maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na Crenshaw bentgrass. An gabatar da aikace-aikacen ƙarshe a ranar 30 ga Agusta don Maxtima da Traction da kuma 23 ga Agusta don Xzemplar. Kibiyoyi suna nuna lokutan amfani da su na kwanaki 14 (Xzemlar) da kwanaki 21 (Maxtima da Traction) ga kowane maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Daga 1 ga Afrilu zuwa 29 ga Satumba, 2023, za mu yanke ganyen biyu sau biyar a mako a inci 0.135. Mun yi amfani da mai ruwa mai laushi 4. Excalibur (Aqua-Aid Solutions) a kan ganyen biyu a ranakun 9 da 28 ga Yuni. oz/1000 sq. ft. farashin ranar 20 ga Yuli ya kasance 2.7 fl oz. oz./1000 sq. ft. don iyakance wuraren busassun wurare.
Sai muka shafa maganin jika jiki na rundunar sojoji (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) a kan ganyen a ranar 16 ga Agusta domin takaita busassun wuraren da aka yi amfani da su.
Mun yi amfani da ruwa mai girman Tempo SC guda 9 (cyfluthrin, Envu). oz/acre da Meridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) 12 fl oz. Yuni 9 oz/acre don magance tururuwa. Mun yi amfani da takin nitrogen mai nauyin 0.5 lb a ranakun 10 ga Yuni da 2 ga Satumba ta amfani da Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanon Lawn). N/1000 murabba'in ƙafa.
Tsarin gwajinmu ya kai girman ƙafa 5 x 5 kuma an tsara shi ta amfani da tsarin toshe mai cikakken tsari tare da kwafi huɗu. Yi amfani da na'urar fesawa mai amfani da CO2 a 50 psi da kuma bututun fesawa guda uku na TeeJet 8008 waɗanda suka yi daidai da galan 2/ƙafafun murabba'i 1000 na ruwa.
A cikin binciken biyu (Gwaji na 1 da Gwaji na 2), mun fara dukkan jiyya a ranar 17 ga Mayu, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi na ƙarshe ya bambanta a cikin jiyya (Tebur 1). A ranar 1 ga Yuli, mun yi amfani da na'urar yaɗa hannu don rarraba hatsin rye da ya kamu da dala a daidai gwargwado a cikin adadin 12.5 cc a kowace gado. Sannan mu bar hatsin rye a saman ciyawa na tsawon kwanaki huɗu kafin a yanka.
Mun tantance tsananin tabo na dala bisa ga adadin cibiyoyin kamuwa da cuta a wani wuri. An ƙididdige yankin da ke ƙarƙashin lanƙwasa ci gaban cutar (AUDPC) ta amfani da hanyar trapezoidal ta amfani da dabarar Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 − ti], inda i = 1,2,3, … n -1, inda yi – ƙima, ti – lokacin ƙimar i-th. An yi nazarin bayanai game da bambancin da matsakaicin rabuwa (P=0.05) ta amfani da gwajin LSD mai kariya na Fisher.
Da farko mun lura da bambance-bambance a cikin sarrafa tabo na dala tsakanin wuraren magani a ranar 31 ga Mayu. A ranar 13 ga Yuni, tsananin tabo na dala a cikin jiyya na aikin ya fi girma fiye da na sauran jiyya (Hoto na 1). Akasin haka, tsananin tabo na shirin $20 ga Yuli 20 ya yi ƙasa da sauran jiyya.
A ranar 2 ga Agusta, an yi wa yankunan magani da 1.3 fl na Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm). oz/1000 sq. ft. – Farashin tabo na kwanaki 21 a dalar Amurka ya fi girma fiye da na fakitin da aka yi wa magani da Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz. oz/1000 sq. feet a cikin lokaci guda. A ranar 16 da 28 ga Satumba, makonni biyu da huɗu bayan an gama amfani da su, bi da bi, filayen da aka yi wa magani da Traction sun fi Maxtima yawa kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙimar AUDPC fiye da sarrafawa.
Mun fara ganin darajar dala a ranar 7 ga Yuli. Tun daga ranar 7 ga Yuli, duk wuraren da aka yi wa magani sun sami ƙasa da barkewar cutar guda ɗaya a kowane wuri. Babu wani bambancin magani a duk lokacin gwajin. Ƙimar AUDPC a duk wuraren da aka yi wa magani sun yi ƙasa sosai fiye da waɗanda ke cikin wuraren da ba a yi wa magani ba (Tebur 1).
Cibiyar Bincike da Bincike ta Daniel Turfgrass ta Jami'ar Purdue ta tantance ingancin magungunan kashe kwari a kan ciyawar bentgrass mai girma da ke rarrafe.
Daga 1 ga Afrilu zuwa 1 ga Oktoba, a yanka sau uku a mako zuwa tsayin inci 0.5. Mun gabatar da Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) a ranar 30 ga Yuni a girman 0.37 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. don sarrafa farin tsutsotsi. A ranar 20 ga Yuli, mun yi amfani da maganin shafawa mai laushi Excalibur a adadin 2.7 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. don iyakance busassun wurare.
Mun yi amfani da sinadarin danshi na Fleet (Harrell's) a ranar 16 ga Agusta a cikin girman 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. don iyakance wuraren busassun wurare. Sannan muka shafa 0.75 lbs na nitrogen a ranar 24 ga Mayu ta amfani da Shaw (24-0-22). N/1000 sq. ft. Satumba 13, 1.0 lbs. N/1000 square feet.
Girman filayen ya kai ƙafa 5 x 5 kuma an shirya su a cikin tubalan da aka tsara bazuwar tare da kwafi huɗu. Yi amfani da na'urar fesawa mai amfani da CO2 a 45 psi da kuma bututun fesa guda uku na TeeJet 8008 waɗanda suka yi daidai da galan 1/ƙafafun murabba'i 1000 na ruwa.
Mun yi amfani da maganin kashe kwari na farko a ranar 19 ga Mayu, sannan na ƙarshe a ranar 18 ga Agusta. An yi amfani da maganin kashe kwari na hatsin rye da ya kamu da cutar dollar spot a daidai gwargwado ta hanyar amfani da na'urar yaɗawa da hannu a ranar 27 ga Yuni da 1 ga Yuli a kan 11 cm3 da 12 cm3 a kowane fili, bi da bi. Sannan mu bar rye a saman ciyawar na tsawon kwanaki huɗu kafin a yanka.
An tantance tsananin cutar duk bayan mako biyu a cikin binciken. An tantance tsananin cutar ta hanyar tantance kashi na yankin da abin ya shafa a kowane wuri. An ƙididdige yankin da ke ƙarƙashin lanƙwasa matsin lamba na cutar (AUDPC) ta amfani da hanyar trapezoidal da aka bayyana a sama. An yi nazarin bayanai game da bambancin da matsakaicin rabuwa (P=0.05) ta amfani da gwajin LSD mai kariya na Fisher.
Mun fara lura da tabo na dala (<0.3% tsananin, raunuka 0.2 da suka kamu da cutar a kowane wuri) a ranar 1 ga Yuni, kuma adadinsu ya ƙaru bayan an yi musu allurar riga. A ranar 20 ga Yuli, an yi wa yankunan magani da Encartis (boscalid da chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft – kwanaki 14 da 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – kwanaki 28, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – kwanaki 14, filayen da aka yi wa magani da aka tsara sun sami tabo na dala kaɗan fiye da duk sauran filayen da aka yi wa magani da kuma wuraren da ba a yi wa magani ba.
Daga 20 ga Yuli zuwa 15 ga Satumba, duk filayen da aka yi wa magani ba su da kwari kamar filayen da ba a yi wa magani ba. Yankunan da aka yi wa magani da Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – kwana 14), Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft – kwana 21) 2 ga Satumba, makonni biyu bayan amfani da shi na ƙarshe (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – kwana 21, Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft. – kwana 21) da wuraren da aka yi wa magani da shirin sun fi ƙarancin tabo.
A ranakun 3 da 16 ga Agusta, ƙimar Encartis da wa'adin aikace-aikacen ba su yi wani tasiri mai mahimmanci ba kan sarrafa tabo na dalar Amurka. Duk da haka, a ranakun 2 da 15 ga Satumba (WFFA 2 da 4), wuraren sun fi yiwuwa a yi wa Encartis magani (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – kwana 14) da kuma Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft). . . – kwana 21) yana da ƙarancin juriya ga tabo na USD fiye da Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft – kwana 28).
Sabanin haka, bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin adadin allurar da Xzemplar da Maxtima ke bayarwa da lokacin da ake amfani da shi wajen magance cutar ba su yi tasiri sosai ga tsananin tabon dala ba a lokacin binciken. Yawan amfani da Daconil Action (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft) da aka haɗa da Secure Action bai haifar da raguwar tabon dala ba. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, cibiyar kula da kamuwa da cuta ta Dollar Point ta Xzemplar ta yi wa wurare kaɗan magani fiye da Maxtima.
Ƙimar AUDPC na duk wuraren da aka yi wa magani sun yi ƙasa sosai fiye da na wuraren da ba a yi wa magani magani ba. Tsananin tabon dala ya kasance ƙasa a cikin shirye-shiryen wannan shirin a duk tsawon binciken, tare da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar AUDPC na duk magunguna.
Wuraren da aka yi wa magani da Daconil Ultrex kaɗai suna da ƙimar AUDPC mafi girma fiye da wuraren da aka yi wa magani duk da haka sai waɗanda aka yi wa magani da 0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta). oz/1000 sq. ft. – kwana 21) Daconil Action (2 fl oz/1000 sq ft) da Secure Action (azibendazole-S-methyl da fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – kwana 21 Babu wani abu da ya shafi phytotoxicity a cikin binciken.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-16-2024