Halittu daga baƙaƙen bera zuwa ƙugiyoyi suna samar da mafita ta halitta da kuma mai kyau ga muhalli don magance kwari marasa so.
Tun kafin a sami sinadarai da feshi, kyandirori na citronella da DEET, yanayi ya samar wa dukkan halittu masu ban haushi na ɗan adam dabbobin daji. Jemagu suna cin ƙudaje masu cizo, kwaɗi a kan sauro, da kuma haɗiye a kan ƙwari.
A gaskiya ma, kwaɗi da ƙwari na iya cin sauro da yawa har wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 2022 ya gano cewa an samu ƙaruwar kamuwa da cutar maleriya a wasu sassan Amurka ta Tsakiya sakamakon barkewar cututtukan da ke kama da namun daji. Wasu nazarce-nazarce sun nuna cewa wasu jemagu na iya cin sauro har dubu a kowace awa. (Gano dalilin da ya sa jemagu su ne jaruman yanayi na gaske.)
"Yawancin nau'ikan halittu suna da iko sosai a ƙarƙashin ikon maƙiyan halitta," in ji Douglas Tallamy, Farfesa a fannin Noma na TA Baker a Jami'ar Delaware.
Duk da cewa waɗannan shahararrun nau'ikan maganin kwari suna jan hankalin mutane sosai, wasu dabbobi da yawa suna ɓatar da ranakunsu da dare suna neman da kuma cinye kwari na lokacin rani, a wasu lokutan kuma suna haɓaka ƙwarewa ta musamman don cinye abin da suka ci. Ga wasu daga cikin mafi ban dariya.
Winnie the Pooh yana son zuma, amma idan beyar gaske ta tono gidan zuma, ba wai yana neman sukari mai ɗanɗano ba ne, amma yana neman farin tsutsotsi masu laushi.
Duk da cewa baƙaƙen beyar Amurka masu son cin abinci suna cin kusan komai, tun daga sharar ɗan adam zuwa filayen sunflower da kuma ɗan fawn lokaci-lokaci, wani lokacin suna ƙwarewa a kan kwari, gami da nau'in ƙwari masu cin zarafi kamar jaket masu launin rawaya.
"Suna farautar tsutsotsi," in ji David Garshelis, shugaban ƙungiyar kwararru ta ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta International Union for Conservation of Nature. "Na ga suna tono gida sannan a kama su, kamar mu," sannan su ci gaba da cin abinci. (Koyi yadda baƙaƙen bera ke murmurewa a faɗin Arewacin Amurka.)
A wasu yankuna na Arewacin Amurka, yayin da beyar baƙi ke jiran 'ya'yan itacen su nuna, masu cin ganyayyaki suna kiyaye nauyinsu har ma suna ƙara kusan dukkan kitsensu ta hanyar cin tururuwa masu wadataccen furotin kamar tururuwa masu launin rawaya.
Wasu sauro, kamar Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, da ake samu a kudu maso gabashin Amurka, suna samun abin rayuwa ta hanyar cin wasu sauro. T. septentrionalis tsutsotsi suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsayi, kamar ramukan bishiyoyi, kuma suna cin wasu ƙananan tsutsotsi na sauro, gami da nau'ikan da ke yaɗa cututtukan ɗan adam. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, tsutsotsi na sauro na T. septentrionalis ɗaya na iya kashe wasu tsutsotsi 20 zuwa 50 a kowace rana.
Abin sha'awa, a cewar wata takarda ta 2022, waɗannan tsutsotsi suna kashe mutane da yawa waɗanda ke kashe waɗanda abin ya shafa amma ba sa cin su.
"Idan aka tilasta kisan kai ta hanyar da ta dace, yana iya ƙara ingancin Toxoplasma gondii wajen sarrafa sauro masu tsotsar jini," in ji marubutan.
Ga tsuntsaye da yawa, babu abin da ya fi daɗi fiye da dubban tsutsotsi, sai dai idan waɗannan tsutsotsi sun rufe da gashi mai zafi wanda ke ɓata wa cikinka rai. Amma ba ƙugu mai launin rawaya-billed na Arewacin Amurka ba.
Wannan babban tsuntsu mai baki mai launin rawaya zai iya haɗiye tsutsotsi, yana zubar da rufin makogwaronsa da cikinsa lokaci-lokaci (yana samar da hanji kamar na mujiya) sannan ya sake farawa. (Kalli tsutsotsin ya zama malam buɗe ido.)
Duk da cewa nau'ikan tsuntsaye kamar tsutsotsi na tanti da tsutsotsi na kaka sun samo asali ne daga Arewacin Amurka, yawansu yana ƙaruwa akai-akai, wanda hakan ke haifar da wani biki mai ban mamaki ga kuckoo mai launin rawaya, tare da wasu bincike da ke nuna cewa suna iya cin har zuwa ɗaruruwan tsutsotsi a lokaci guda.
Babu ɗayan nau'in tsutsotsi da ke da matsala musamman ga tsirrai ko mutane, amma suna samar da abinci mai mahimmanci ga tsuntsaye, waɗanda daga nan suke cin wasu kwari da yawa.
Idan ka ga wani jan kifi mai launin ja a gabashin Amurka yana gudu a kan hanya a gabashin Amurka, sai ka yi raɗa da "na gode."
Waɗannan tsuntsayen salamander masu tsawon rai, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 12-15, suna cin sauro masu ɗauke da cututtuka a kowane mataki na rayuwarsu, tun daga tsutsotsi zuwa tsutsotsi da manya.
JJ Apodaca, babban darektan ƙungiyar Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, bai iya faɗin ainihin adadin tsutsotsin sauro da gabashin salamander ke ci a rana ba, amma halittun suna da sha'awar abinci mai yawa kuma suna da yawa da za su iya "yin tasiri" ga yawan sauro.
Tanager na lokacin rani na iya zama kyakkyawa da jikinta mai kyau ja, amma wannan ba zai zama da daɗi ga kumbon ba, wanda tanager ke jefawa ta sama, yana komawa zuwa bishiyar yana bugun reshe har ya mutu.
Tanyagers na lokacin rani suna zaune a kudancin Amurka kuma suna ƙaura kowace shekara zuwa Kudancin Amurka, inda suke cin kwari musamman. Amma ba kamar sauran tsuntsaye ba, kurciya na lokacin rani sun ƙware a farautar ƙudan zuma da ƙwari.
Domin gujewa a yi musu bulala, suna kama ƙwari kamar kurciya daga sama, kuma da zarar sun mutu, sai su goge ƙwari a kan rassan bishiyoyi kafin su ci, a cewar Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
Tallamy ya ce duk da cewa hanyoyin magance kwari na halitta sun bambanta, "hanyar da mutum ke amfani da ita wajen kawar da wannan bambancin."
A lokuta da yawa, tasirin ɗan adam kamar asarar muhalli, sauyin yanayi da gurɓatawa na iya cutar da masu farautar halitta kamar tsuntsaye da sauran halittu.
"Ba za mu iya rayuwa a wannan duniyar ta hanyar kashe kwari ba," in ji Tallamy. "Ƙananan abubuwa ne ke mulkin duniya. Don haka za mu iya mai da hankali kan yadda za mu sarrafa abubuwan da ba na al'ada ba."
Haƙƙin mallaka © 1996–2015 National Geographic Society. Haƙƙin mallaka © 2015-2024 National Geographic Partners, LLC. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-24-2024