Wannan binciken ya kimanta tasirin dogon lokaci na ABW guda ukumaganin kashe kwarishirye-shirye akan kulawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara da ingancin turfgrass mai kyau, duka su kaɗai kuma a hade tare da daban-dabanpaclobutrasolshirye-shirye da kuma creeping bentgrass iko. Mun yi hasashen cewa yin amfani da matakan kwari don sarrafa ABW na tsawon lokaci zai rage murfin bluegrass na shekara-shekara a cikin kyawawan hanyoyin bentgrass kuma aikace-aikacen paclobutrasol na wata-wata zai ƙara haɓaka sarrafawa.
A tsawon lokaci, an gudanar da gwaje-gwajen filin guda biyu kuma an maimaita su. Gwaji na 1 shine gwajin filin shekaru biyu da aka gudanar daga 2017 zuwa 2019 a shafuka biyu masu tarihin ABW. Wannan binciken yayi nazarin shirye-shiryen maganin kwari guda uku, sarrafa bentgrass mai rarrafe, da aikace-aikacen kowane wata na paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) a 0.25 lb mai aiki mai aiki a kowace acre (samfurin 16 fl oz a kowace acre; 280 g ai a kowace hectare) daga iri na bluegrass na shekara-shekara. . Murkushe kafin Oktoba don sarrafa bluegrass na shekara.
An gudanar da bincike a cikin 2017 da 2018 akan wasan golf da aka kwaikwayi a Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) tare da kiyasin murfin bluegrass na shekara-shekara na 85% a farkon gwajin. An maimaita gwajin a cikin 2018 da 2019 akan darussan golf a Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), inda aka kimanta murfin gani a 15% creeping bentgrass da 10% perennial black alkama (Lolium perenne L.). A cikin gwajin, 75% shine Poa annua.
Jiyya na Seeding ya ƙunshi dasa shuki na creeping bentgrass 007 a farashin 1,000 na murabba'in magunguna (ga ƙa'idodin maganganun magudi (ga cikakkun bayanai na jirgin ƙasa a ƙasa). An sake maimaita jiyya sau hudu kuma an shirya su azaman 2 × 3 × 2 factorial a cikin wani bazuwar cikakken toshe tare da rabe-raben filaye. Tsira a matsayin cikakken rabon rukunin yanar gizo, shirin kashe kwari a matsayin subplot, paclobutrazol azaman subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
An tsara wannan shirin rigakafin don hana lalacewar bluegrass da ke faruwa a kowace shekara a lokacin kakar. Ya ƙunshi tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kusan 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) a lokacin ƙarshen lokacin furanni na dogwood (Cornus florida L.) don sarrafa farkon ƙarni na ABW larvae kafin amfani da indoxacarb (Provaunt) . an yi amfani da shi a kusan 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) lokacin da Catawbiense Michx matasan ke cikin fure don sarrafa duk wani tsutsa na ƙarni na bazara, kuma an yi amfani da Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) don sarrafa tsutsa na ƙarni na farko a lokacin rani.
Shirye-shiryen ƙofa sun dakatar da amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don sarrafa ABW har sai ingancin turf a wuraren da ba a kula da su ba ya kai ga tabarbarewar kofa.
Don ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun nau'in nau'in turfgrass, grid murabba'in 36 x 36 a cikin (91 x 91 cm) tare da maki 100 daidai gwargwado an sanya su cikin kowane wuri. Gano nau'in nau'in da ke akwai a kowane tsaka-tsaki tsakanin Yuni da Oktoba. An tantance murfin bluegrass na shekara-shekara a gani kowane wata yayin lokacin girma na shekara akan sikelin daga 0% (babu murfin) zuwa 100% (cikakken murfin). Ana ƙididdige ingancin ciyawar ciyawa ta gani akan sikelin 1 zuwa 9, tare da ɗaukar 6 karɓuwa. Don kimanta tasirin shirin ABW na kashe kwari, an tantance yawan tsutsa ta hanyar amfani da cire gishiri a farkon watan Yuni kafin sabbin manya su fara fitowa.
Duk bayanan an ƙaddamar da su don nazarin bambance-bambance ta amfani da hanyar GLIMMIX a cikin SAS (v9.4, Cibiyar SAS) tare da kwafi-sakamako. An yi nazarin gwaji na farko ta amfani da zane-zane mai tsaga, kuma an yi nazari na gwaji na biyu ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙirar 2 × 4 da aka bazu. Lokacin da ya cancanta, an yi amfani da gwajin LSD mai Kariyar Fisher don ware hanyoyi (p=0.05). An yi nazarin rukunin yanar gizon daban saboda hulɗar da shafukan ya faru a ranakun daban-daban kuma halayen rukunin yanar gizon sun bambanta.
ABW na iya zaɓin rage murfin bluegrass na shekara-shekara a cikin bentgrass mai rarrafe, amma kawai idan an yarda da mummunan lalacewa ga bluegrass na shekara. A cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, gabaɗayan ingancin turf ɗin an rage shi na ɗan lokaci kawai ta hanyar lalacewar ABW ga matakan da wasu 'yan wasan golf ke ganin ba za su yarda da su ba. Wannan na iya zama saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin (60-80%) na turfgrass shine bluegrass shekara. Ba a taɓa ganin lalacewa ga bentgrass ABW mai rarrafe ta amfani da hanyar bakin kofa ba. Muna tsammanin cewa domin shirin ABW na tushen kofa don sarrafa bluegrass na shekara-shekara ba tare da shirin PGR ba, muna tsammanin cewa farkon ɗaukar hoto na bluegrass na shekara zai buƙaci ƙasa don ba da damar ABW ya haifar da babbar lahani na shekara-shekara ga bluegrass ba tare da shafar ingancin gaba ɗaya ba. lawn. Idan ƙananan lalacewa kawai aka yarda kafin fesa maganin kwari, waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa kulawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara na dogon lokaci ba zai zama abin sakaci ba.
Dabarun kashe kwari na bakin kofa sun fi dacewa kuma suna da tasiri idan aka haɗa su tare da shirye-shiryen sarrafa tsiro. Mun yi amfani da paclobutrasol a cikin wannan binciken, amma fluoropyrimidine na iya haifar da irin wannan sakamako. Idan an yi amfani da tsarin ABW na tushen kofa ba tare da shirin PGR ba, ƙaddamar da bluegrass na shekara-shekara bazai zama daidai ba ko mahimmanci saboda bluegrass na shekara-shekara na iya murmurewa da sauri daga lalacewa a ƙarshen bazara. Mafi kyawun dabarun shine fara aikace-aikacen paclobutrasol na wata-wata a cikin bazara bayan kawunan iri ya fashe, bari ABW yayi lalacewa har sai an daina jurewa (manjoji ko wasu), sannan a yi amfani da larvicides a matsakaicin allurai na lakabin don sarrafa ABW. . Tsarin da ya haɗu da waɗannan dabarun biyu yana ba da ingantaccen sarrafa bluegrass na shekara-shekara fiye da ko dai dabarun shi kaɗai kuma yana samar da filayen wasa masu inganci don duka sai mako ɗaya zuwa biyu na lokacin girma.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-25-2024