Sarrafa ciyawar bluegrass ta amfani da ciyawar bluegrass ta shekara-shekara da kuma masu kula da girmar shuke-shuke

   Wannan binciken ya tantance tasirin dogon lokaci na ABW guda ukumaganin kwarishirye-shirye kan kula da ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara da ingancin ciyawar fairway, duka su kaɗai kuma tare da haɗuwa daban-dabanpaclobutrazolshirye-shirye da kuma kula da ciyawar creeping bentgrass. Mun yi hasashen cewa amfani da maganin kwari masu matakin ƙofa don sarrafa ABW akan lokaci zai rage rufewar ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara a cikin hanyoyin ciyawar creeping bentgrass kuma cewa amfani da paclobutrazol kowane wata zai ƙara inganta kulawa.
Bayan lokaci, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje guda biyu a filin kuma an maimaita su. Gwaji na 1 gwaji ne na shekaru biyu da aka gudanar daga 2017 zuwa 2019 a wurare biyu da ke da tarihin ABW. Wannan binciken ya binciki shirye-shiryen kwari guda uku, kula da ciyawar bentgrass, da kuma amfani da paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) kowane wata a kan 0.25 lb na sinadarin aiki a kowace eka (samfurin 16 fl oz a kowace eka; 280 g ai a kowace hekta) daga shukar bluegrass na shekara-shekara. . A niƙa kafin Oktoba don sarrafa bluegrass na shekara-shekara.
An gudanar da bincike a shekarar 2017 da 2018 a filin wasan golf da aka yi kwaikwayi a Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) inda aka kiyasta cewa ciyawar bluegrass za ta kai kashi 85% a farkon gwajin. An sake yin gwajin a shekarar 2018 da 2019 a filayen golf a Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), inda aka kimanta murfin gani a kashi 15% na ciyawar bentgrass mai rarrafe da kashi 10% na alkama baƙi mai ɗorewa (Lolium perenne L.). A cikin gwajin, kashi 75% na Poa annua ne.
Maganin shuka iri ya ƙunshi shuka ciyawar bentgrass mai rarrafe 007 a cikin adadin fam 1 na iri mai tsabta a kowace murabba'in ƙafa 1,000 (kilogram 50 a kowace hekta) mako guda bayan fara shirin hana kwari (duba cikakkun bayanai game da shirin kwari a ƙasa). An maimaita jiyya sau huɗu kuma an shirya su azaman factoral 2 × 3 × 2 a cikin wani yanki mai cike da tsari tare da raba filayen. Shuka a matsayin cikakken rabo na wurin, shirin kwari a matsayin subplot, paclobutrazol a matsayin subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
An tsara wannan shirin rigakafi ne don hana lalacewar ciyawar bluegrass da ke faruwa kowace shekara a lokacin kakar. Ya ƙunshi maganin kwari na tsarin cyantraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) wanda aka shafa a allurar kimanin 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) a lokacin ƙarshen fure na dogwood (Cornus florida L.) don sarrafa tsutsotsin samar da ABW a farkon bazara kafin amfani da indoxacarb (Provaunt). An shafa a kimanin 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) lokacin da Catawbiense Michx hybrid ke fure don sarrafa duk wani tsutsotsin samar da bazara da ya tsira, kuma an yi amfani da Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) don sarrafa tsutsotsin samar da farkon bazara.
Shirye-shiryen da aka tsara sun dakatar da amfani da maganin kwari don shawo kan ABW har sai ingancin ciyawa a wuraren da ba a yi wa magani ba ya kai matsayin lalacewa.
Domin tantance yawan nau'in ciyawar ciyawa da kyau, an sanya grid guda biyu masu murabba'i 36 x 36 inci (91 x 91 cm) tare da wuraren haɗuwa 100 daidai a kowane fili. Gano nau'in da ke wurin a kowace mahadar tsakanin Yuni da Oktoba. An kimanta murfin ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara a kowane wata a lokacin lokacin noman shekara akan sikelin daga 0% (babu murfin) zuwa 100% (cikakken murfin). Ana tantance ingancin ciyawar ciyawa da ido akan sikelin 1 zuwa 9, tare da ɗaukar 6 a matsayin abin karɓa. Don kimanta ingancin shirin maganin kwari na ABW, an tantance yawan tsutsotsi ta amfani da cire gishiri a farkon watan Yuni kafin sabbin manya su fara fitowa.
An yi nazarin dukkan bayanai ta hanyar amfani da tsarin GLIMMIX a cikin SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) tare da kwafi na tasirin bazuwar. An yi nazarin gwajin farko ta amfani da tsarin makirci mai raba-rabi, kuma an yi nazarin gwajin na biyu ta amfani da tsarin makirci mai raba-rabi na factorial 2 × 4. Lokacin da ya cancanta, an yi amfani da gwajin LSD na Fisher's Protected don raba hanyoyin (p=0.05). An yi nazarin shafuka daban-daban saboda hulɗa da shafuka ya faru a ranakun daban-daban kuma halayen wurin sun bambanta.
ABW na iya rage murfin ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara a cikin ciyawar bentgrass mai rarrafe, amma sai idan an yarda da mummunan lalacewar ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara. A cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, an rage ingancin ciyawar gaba ɗaya na ɗan lokaci ne kawai ta hanyar lalacewar ABW zuwa matakan da wasu 'yan wasan golf suka ɗauka ba za a iya amincewa da su ba. Wannan na iya faruwa ne saboda yawancin (60-80%) na ciyawar turfgrass bluegrass ne na shekara-shekara. Ba a taɓa ganin lalacewar ciyawar bentgrass ABW ta amfani da hanyar iyaka ba. Muna zargin cewa domin shirin maganin kwari na ABW mai tushen iyaka ya sarrafa ciyawar bluegrass ta shekara-shekara yadda ya kamata ba tare da shirin PGR ba, muna zargin cewa rufe ciyawar bluegrass na farko na shekara-shekara zai buƙaci ya zama ƙasa don ba da damar ABW ya haifar da mummunar lalacewar ciyawar bluegrass ba tare da shafar ingancin ciyawar gaba ɗaya ba. Idan an yarda da ƙaramin lalacewa kafin feshin kwari, waɗannan sakamakon sun nuna cewa kula da ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara na dogon lokaci ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba.
Dabaru na maganin kwari mafi amfani da inganci idan aka haɗa su da shirye-shiryen sarrafa ci gaban shuke-shuke. Mun yi amfani da paclobutrazol a cikin wannan binciken, amma fluoropyrimidine na iya samar da sakamako makamancin haka. Idan aka yi amfani da tsarin ABW mai tushen iyaka ba tare da tsarin PGR ba, hana ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara bazai zama daidai ko mahimmanci ba saboda ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara na iya murmurewa cikin sauri daga lalacewa a ƙarshen bazara. Mafi kyawun dabarar ita ce a fara amfani da paclobutrazol na wata-wata a bazara bayan kan iri ya fashe, a bar ABW ta yi lalacewar har sai ba za a iya jure shi ba (manajoji ko wasu), sannan a yi amfani da tsutsotsi a matsakaicin adadin lakabin don sarrafa ABW. Tsarin da ya haɗu da waɗannan dabarun guda biyu yana ba da ingantaccen sarrafa ciyawar bluegrass na shekara-shekara fiye da kowane dabarun kawai kuma yana ba da filayen wasa masu inganci ga duka sai makonni ɗaya zuwa biyu na lokacin girma.