Noma shine mafi mahimmancin albarkatu a kasuwannin duniya, kuma tsarin muhalli yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa. Amfani da takin mai magani a duniya yana girma kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen amfanin gona1. Duk da haka, tsire-tsire da aka girma ta wannan hanyar ba su da isasshen lokacin girma da girma yadda ya kamata don haka ba sa samun kyawawan halaye na shuka2. Bugu da kari, mahadi masu illa masu illa suna iya taruwa a jikin dan adam da kasa3. Don haka, akwai bukatar samar da hanyoyin da za su dace da muhalli da kuma dorewa don rage bukatar takin mai magani. Kwayoyin halitta masu fa'ida na iya zama mahimmin tushen mahalli na halitta masu aiki da ilimin halitta4.
Al'ummomin Endophytic a cikin ganyayyaki sun bambanta dangane da nau'in tsire-tsire masu masaukin baki ko genotype, matakin girma shuka, da tsarin halittar shuka. 13 Yawancin karatu sun ruwaito cewa Azospirillum, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, da Enterobacter suna da yiwuwaringanta ci gaban shuka. 14 Bugu da ƙari, Bacillus da Azospirillum sune mafi yawan binciken PGPB genera dangane da inganta ci gaban shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa. 15 Bincike ya nuna cewa haɗin gwiwa na Azospirillum brasiliensis da Bradyrhizobium a cikin legumes na iya haɓaka yawan amfanin gona na masara, alkama, waken soya, da wake na koda. 16, 17 Nazarin ya nuna cewa inoculation na Salicornia tare da Bacillus licheniformis da sauran PGPBs synergistically inganta ci gaban shuka da abinci mai gina jiki. 18 Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 da Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 suna inganta ci gaban tushen ayaba mai zaki. Hakazalika, tsaban fennel suna da wahalar girma saboda rashin girma na ciyayi da ƙarancin germination, musamman ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa na fari20. Maganin iri tare da Pseudomonas fluorescens da Trichoderma harzianum yana inganta haɓakar farkon tsiron fennel a ƙarƙashin yanayin damuwa na fari21. Don stevia, an gudanar da bincike don kimanta tasirin fungi na mycorrhizal da haɓakar shuka da ke haɓaka rhizobacteria (PGPR) akan ikon kwayoyin halitta don girma, tara metabolites na biyu, da bayyana ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin biosynthesis. A cewar Rahi et al.22, inoculation na shuke-shuke da daban-daban PGPRs sun inganta ci gaban su, photosynthetic index, da kuma tarawa na stevioside da stevioside A. A daya hannun, inoculation na stevia tare da shuka girma-promoting rhizobia da arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi tsokar da shuka tsawo, stevi3. Oviedo-Pereira et al.24 ya ruwaito cewa endophytes mai ban sha'awa Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 da H5A2 sun karu da abun ciki na SG, suna ƙarfafa trichome density a cikin ganyayyaki, da kuma inganta tarawa na musamman metabolites a cikin trichomes, amma ba su inganta ci gaban shuka ba;
GA3 yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma sunadaran sunadaran gibberellin-kamar sunadaran31. Exogenous jiyya na stevia tare da GA3 na iya ƙara kara elongation da flowering32. A gefe guda kuma, wasu bincike sun ruwaito cewa GA3 shine inducer da ke motsa tsire-tsire don samar da kwayoyin halitta na biyu kamar antioxidants da pigments, kuma shine tsarin tsaro33.
Alakar phylogenetic na keɓancewa dangane da sauran nau'ikan iri. Ana ba da lambobin shiga GenBank a cikin baka.
Amylase, cellulase da ayyukan protease ana nuna su azaman maɗaukaki masu haske a kusa da mazaunan, yayin da farar fata a kusa da mazaunan suna nuna ayyukan lipase. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 2, B. paramycoides SrAM4 na iya samar da dukkanin hydrolases, yayin da B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 zai iya samar da dukkanin enzymes sai dai cellulase, kuma B. licheniformis SrAM2 yana samar da cellulase kawai.
An danganta wasu mahimman nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa tare da haɓaka haɓakawar metabolite na biyu a cikin tsire-tsire na magani da kamshi74. All enzymatic da wadanda ba enzymatic antioxidants sun karu sosai a cikin S. rebaudiana Shou-2 idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa. Chamam et al.75 kuma ya ruwaito sakamako mai kyau na PGPB akan TPC a cikin shinkafa; Bugu da ƙari kuma, sakamakonmu ya yi daidai da sakamakon TPC, TFC, da DPPH a cikin S. rebaudiana, wanda aka danganta da haɗin gwiwar aikin Piriformospora indica da Azotobacter chroococcum76. TPC da TFC77 sun kasance mafi girma a cikin tsire-tsire na basil da aka yi wa magani tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire marasa magani. Haka kuma, karuwa a cikin antioxidants na iya faruwa saboda dalilai guda biyu: enzymes hydrolytic suna motsa hanyoyin kare tsirrai da aka haifar kamar yadda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta har sai tsiron ya dace da mulkin mallaka na kwayan cuta78. Na biyu, PGPB na iya aiki a matsayin mai ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da mahadi na bioactive da aka kafa ta hanyar shikimate a cikin mafi girma shuke-shuke da microorganisms 79.
Sakamakon ya nuna cewa akwai alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin lambar ganye, bayyanar kwayoyin halitta da kuma samar da SG lokacin da aka haɗa nau'i-nau'i masu yawa. A daya bangaren kuma, allurar sau biyu ya fi allurar guda daya ta fuskar girma da yawan amfanin gona.
An gano enzymes na hydrolytic bayan allurar kwayoyin cuta akan matsakaiciyar agar mai dauke da ma'aunin nuna alama da shiryawa a 28 ° C na kwanaki 2-5. Bayan sanya kwayoyin cuta akan sitaci agar matsakaici, an ƙaddara aikin amylase ta amfani da maganin iodine 100. An ƙaddara aikin Cellulase ta amfani da 0.2% mai ruwa mai ruwa na Kongo ja reagent bisa ga hanyar Kianngam et al. 101 . An lura da ayyukan protease ta hanyar bayyanannun yankuna a kusa da mazaunan da aka yi a kan matsakaicin madarar agar kamar yadda Cui et al ya bayyana. 102 . A gefe guda, an gano lipase 100 bayan allurar a kan matsakaicin Tween agar.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-06-2025