1. Inganta tushen yanke bishiyar shayi
Naphthalene acetic acid (sodium) kafin a saka, a yi amfani da ruwa 60-100mg/L don jiƙa tushen yankewa na tsawon awanni 3-4, domin inganta tasirin, ana iya amfani da α mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium) 50mg/L+ IBA 50mg/L yawan cakuda, ko kuma α mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium) 100mg/L+ bitamin B, 5mg/L na cakuda.
Kula da amfani da shi: a yi taka tsantsan wajen amfani da shi, tsawon lokaci zai haifar da bushewar fata; Naphthylacetic acid (sodium) yana da illa wajen hana ci gaban tushe da rassan da ke sama da ƙasa, kuma ya fi kyau a haɗa shi da sauran magungunan tushen.
Kafin a saka IBA, a jiƙa maganin ruwa 20-40mg/L a ƙasan yanka na tsawon santimita 3-4 na tsawon awanni 3. Duk da haka, IBA tana narkewa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar haske, kuma ya kamata a naɗe maganin a cikin baƙi a ajiye a wuri mai sanyi da bushewa.
Nau'in bishiyar shayi da kashi 50% naphthalene · foda tushen ethyl indole 500 mg/L, nau'in da ke da sauƙin tushe 300-400 mg/L foda tushen ko tsoma na tsawon sa'o'i 5, a ajiye na tsawon sa'o'i 4-8, sannan a yanka. Zai iya haifar da farawar tushen da wuri, kwanaki 14 kafin a sarrafa. Adadin saiwoyin ya ƙaru, ya fi na sarrafawa 18; Yawan tsira ya fi na sarrafawa da kashi 41.8% sama da na sarrafawa. Nauyin busasshen tushen ƙananan ya ƙaru da kashi 62.5%. Tsawon shukar ya fi na sarrafawa da santimita 15.3. Bayan magani, ƙimar rayuwa ta kai kusan kashi 100%, kuma ƙimar samar da gandun daji ya ƙaru da kashi 29.6%. Jimlar fitarwa ta ƙaru da kashi 40%.
2. Inganta fara shan shayi
Tasirin ƙarfafa gibberellin shine galibi yana iya haɓaka rarrabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da tsawaitawa, don haka yana haɓaka bayyanar buds, yana ƙarfafawa da hanzarta haɓakar harbe-harbe. Bayan fesawa, an ƙarfafa buds ɗin da ke barci su yi girma cikin sauri, adadin buds da ganye ya ƙaru, adadin ganyen ya ragu, kuma riƙewar laushi ya kasance mai kyau. A cewar gwajin Cibiyar Kimiyyar Shayi ta Kwalejin Kimiyyar Noma ta China, yawan sabbin harbe-harbe ya ƙaru da kashi 10%-25% idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa, shayin bazara gabaɗaya ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 15%, shayin bazara ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 20%, kuma shayin kaka ya ƙaru da kusan kashi 30%.
Yawan amfani da shi ya kamata ya dace, gabaɗaya 50-100 mg/L ya fi dacewa, kowace mita 667⊃2; Fesa kilogiram 50 na maganin ruwa a kan dukkan shukar. Zafin bazara yana da ƙasa, yawan amfani da shi zai iya zama mafi girma; Lokacin rani, zafin kaka ya fi girma, yawan amfani da shi ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da yadda ya kamata, bisa ga ƙwarewar gida, tasirin fesa ganye na farko yana da kyau, ana iya fesa lokacin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi duk rana, lokacin zafi mai zafi ya kamata a yi da yamma, don sauƙaƙe shan bishiyar shayi, don ba da cikakken tasiri ga ingancinsa.
Allurar gibberellic acid mai nauyin 10-40mg/L na ganyen petiole na iya karya lokacin barcin ƙananan bishiyoyin shayi marasa rassan bishiyoyi, kuma bishiyoyin shayi suna tsiro ganye 2-4 kafin tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, yayin da bishiyoyin shayi masu sarrafawa ba sa fara tsiron ganye har sai farkon Maris.
Lura da amfani: ba za a iya haɗa shi da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na alkaline, takin zamani ba, sannan a haɗa shi da 0.5% urea ko 1% ammonium sulfate ya fi kyau; Yawan amfani da shi ya fi kyau, ya kamata a fesa kowane lokacin shayi sau ɗaya kawai, sannan bayan fesawa don ƙarfafa taki da sarrafa ruwa; Tasirin gibberellin a jikin shayi yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 14. Saboda haka, ya dace a zaɓi shayi mai ganye 1 da ganye 3; ya kamata a yi amfani da Gibberellin tare da shi.
3. Inganta ci gaban ganyen shayi
Bayan fesawa da kashi 1.8% na sodium nitrophenolate, shukar shayin ta nuna nau'ikan tasirin jiki daban-daban. Na farko, an tsawaita tazara tsakanin furanni da ganye, kuma an ƙara nauyin furanni, wanda ya fi kashi 9.4% girma fiye da yadda aka tsara. Na biyu, an ƙarfafa tsiron furanni masu tasowa, kuma yawan tsiron ya karu da kashi 13.7%. Na uku shine don ƙara yawan chlorophyll, inganta ƙarfin photosynthesis, da launin ganye kore. Dangane da gwajin shekaru biyu, shayin bazara ya karu da kashi 25.8%, shayin bazara ya karu da kashi 34.5%, shayin kaka ya karu da kashi 26.6%, matsakaicin ƙaruwa na shekara-shekara na kashi 29.7%. Rabon narkewar da aka saba amfani da shi a lambun shayi shine sau 5000, kowanne 667m⊃2; Fesa ruwa 12.5mL da ruwa 50kg. Rage ganyen shayi kafin tsiro a kowane yanayi na iya haɓaka farkon ganyen axillary. Duk da haka, amfani da shayin bazara da wuri yana da ƙarin fa'ida ta tattalin arziki, idan aka fesa a farkon fure da ganye, ƙarfin sha na bishiyoyin shayi yana da ƙarfi, kuma tasirin ƙaruwar samarwa a bayyane yake. Ana fesa shayin bazara sau 2, ana iya haɗa shayin bazara da na kaka tare da maganin kwari da magungunan kashe kwari a gauraye, a fesa daidai gwargwado a kan ganyen mai kyau da bayan ganyen, jika ba tare da digo ba yana da matsakaici, don cimma tasirin maganin kwari guda biyu da haɓaka girma.
Lura: Lokacin amfani, kar a wuce yawan ruwan da ke cikinsa; Idan ruwan sama ya yi sama cikin awanni 6 bayan fesawa, ya kamata a sake fesawa; Ya kamata digo-digo na fesawa ya yi kyau don ƙara mannewa, a fesa gaba da bayan ruwan daidai gwargwado, babu digo-digo mafi kyau; Ya kamata a adana ruwan da ke cikinsa a wuri mai sanyi nesa da haske.
4. Hana samuwar iri na shayi
Ana noma bishiyoyin shayi ne don ɗaukar ƙarin harbe-harbe, don haka amfani da masu kula da girma don sarrafa girman 'ya'yan itatuwa da haɓaka girman furanni da ganye hanya ce mai inganci don ƙara yawan amfanin shayi. Tsarin aikin ethephon akan shukar shayi shine don haɓaka ayyukan ƙwayoyin lamellar a cikin ƙwayar fure da ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace don cimma manufar zubar da jini. A cewar gwajin Sashen Shayi na Jami'ar Noma ta Zhejiang, yawan kaka na furanni yana kusan kashi 80% bayan fesawa kimanin kwanaki 15. Saboda raguwar yawan amfani da abubuwan gina jiki na 'ya'yan itace a shekara mai zuwa, ana iya ƙara yawan samar da shayi da kashi 16.15%, kuma yawan fesawa gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa da 800-1000 mg/L. Tunda sakin ƙwayoyin ethylene yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar zafin jiki, ya kamata a rage yawan amfani da shi yadda ya kamata lokacin da ƙwayar ta yi ƙanƙanta, ƙwayar tana girma sosai ko kuma zafin ya yi yawa, kuma yawan amfani da shi ya kamata ya kasance mai girma daidai lokacin da yawancin furanni suka buɗe kuma girman ya yi jinkiri ko kuma yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa. Daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba, an yi fesawa, kuma tasirin ƙaruwar yawan amfanin gona shine mafi kyau.
Yawan feshi na Ethephon bai kamata ya wuce adadin ba, in ba haka ba zai haifar da rashin daidaituwar yawan ganye, kuma adadin dattin ganye zai ƙaru tare da ƙaruwar yawan amfani. Domin rage lalacewar ganye, ethephon da aka haɗa da feshi na gibberellin 30-50mg/L yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan kiyaye ganye, kuma baya shafar tasirin rage girman buds. Lokacin da feshi ya kamata a zaɓi ranakun girgije ko dare ya dace, ba a buƙatar ruwan sama cikin awanni 12 na amfani.
5. Saurin samar da iri
Yaɗa iri yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin kiwon shukar shayi. Amfani da abubuwan da ke haɓaka shuka kamar α-mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium), gibberellin, da sauransu, na iya haɓaka tsiron iri, tushen da ya girma, girma cikin sauri da kuma ƙarfi da wuri a cikin lambu.
a Monaphthylacetic acid (sodium) Iri shayi da aka jiƙa a cikin sinadarin naphthylacetic acid (sodium) na 10-20mg/L na tsawon awanni 48, sannan a wanke da ruwa bayan an shuka, ana iya tono su kimanin kwanaki 15 da suka gabata, kuma cikakken matakin shuka shine kwanaki 19-25 da suka gabata.
Ana iya hanzarta saurin tsiron tsaban shayi ta hanyar jiƙa tsaban a cikin maganin gibberellin 100mg/L na tsawon awanni 24.
6. Ƙara yawan amfanin shayi
Yawan sabbin ganyen shayi da ke ɗauke da ruwan sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% ya dogara ne da yawan tsiro da kuma nauyin tsiron. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa yawan tsiron tsirrai na shayi da aka yi wa magani da ruwan sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% ya ƙaru da fiye da kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da na sarrafawa. Tsawon harbe-harben, nauyin harbe-harben da nauyin ganye ɗaya da ganye uku a bayyane yake sun fi na sarrafawa. Tasirin ƙaruwar yawan amfanin gona na ruwan sodium nitrophenolate mai kashi 1.8% yana da kyau sosai, kuma tasirin ƙaruwar yawan amfanin gona na yawan amfanin gona daban-daban ya fi kyau idan aka yi amfani da ruwa sau 6000, yawanci sau 3000-6000 na ruwa.
Ana iya amfani da ruwan sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% a matsayin nau'in shukar shayi iri-iri a wuraren shayi. Amfani da yawan amfani sau 3000-6000 ya dace da ruwa, 667m⊃2; Fesa ruwa mai girman 50-60kg. A halin yanzu, fesa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi a wuraren shayi ya fi shahara, kuma idan aka haɗa shi da maganin kwari, ana ba da shawarar cewa kashi 1.8% na ruwan sodium nitrophenolate bai kamata ya wuce 5mL a kowace jakar ruwa ba. Idan yawan ya yi yawa, zai hana girman ganyen shayi kuma ya shafi yawan amfanin shayin. Ya kamata a ƙayyade adadin lokacin fesawa a lokacin shayi bisa ga takamaiman girman bishiyar shayin. Idan har yanzu akwai ƙananan kanan furanni a kan rufin bayan an ɗebo, za a iya fesawa kuma, don tabbatar da ƙaruwar samarwa a duk lokacin.
Brassinolide 0.01% na brassinolide da aka narkar sau 5000 na feshi mai ruwa zai iya haɓaka girman ganyen shayi da ganyen, ƙara yawan tsiro, ƙara yawan furanni da ganye, kuma yana iya ƙara yawan sabbin ganye da kashi 17.8% da kuma busasshen shayi da kashi 15%.
Fure da 'ya'yan itatuwan shayin Ethephon suna cinye sinadarai masu gina jiki da kuzari sosai, kuma fesawa 800 mg/L na ethephon daga ƙarshen Satumba zuwa Nuwamba na iya rage 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni sosai.
Dukansu B9 da B9 na iya haɓaka haɓakar haihuwa, ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawan 'ya'yan itacen shayi, wanda ke da damar amfani da shi don inganta wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyin shayi tare da ƙarancin saurin shuka iri da lambunan shayi don manufar tattara tsaban shayi. Jiyya tare da 1000mg/L, 3000mg/L B9, 250mg/L da 500mg/L B9 na iya ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itacen shayi da kashi 68%-70%.
Gibberellin yana haɓaka rabuwar ƙwayoyin halitta da tsawaitawa. An gano cewa bayan maganin gibberellin, rassan bishiyar shayi da ke barci suna tsiro da sauri, kan furannin ya ƙaru, ganyen sun ragu kaɗan, kuma riƙewar shayin ya kasance mai kyau, wanda ya haifar da yanayi don ƙara yawan amfanin gona da inganta ingancin shayin. Amfani da gibberellin a kowace kakar shayi da ganyen farko tare da 50-100mg/L don feshin foliar, kula da zafin jiki, gabaɗaya ana iya amfani da ƙarancin zafin jiki duk rana, yawan zafin jiki da yamma.
7. Cire furen sinadarai
Yawan iri a ƙarshen kaka zai cinye sinadarai masu gina jiki, ya hana ci gaban sabbin ganye da furanni a bazara mai zuwa, kuma yawan amfani da sinadarai masu gina jiki yana shafar yawan amfanin shayi da ingancinsa a shekara mai zuwa, kuma tsinken furanni na wucin gadi yana da matuƙar wahala, don haka hanyoyin sinadarai sun zama wani yanayi na ci gaba.
Ethylene yana amfani da ethephon don cire furanni masu sinadarai, yawan furanni yana faɗuwa, adadin tsaba masu fure yana ƙasa, tarin abubuwan gina jiki ya fi yawa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan amfanin shayi, da kuma adana aiki da farashi.
Nau'o'in da aka saba da su waɗanda ke da ruwa mai nauyin 500-1000 mg/L, kowanne 667m⊃2; Yin amfani da 100-125kg don fesawa daidai gwargwado na bishiyar a matakin fure, sannan a fesa sau ɗaya a tazara ta 7-10d, yana da amfani wajen ƙara yawan amfanin shayi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a kula da yawan maganin sosai, kuma yawan amfani da ethephon zai haifar da faɗuwar ganye, wanda ba shi da kyau ga girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana ba da shawarar a ƙayyade lokacin da adadin amfani bisa ga yanayin gida, nau'ikan da yanayi, kuma a zaɓi lokacin amfani a lokacin da zafin jiki ya ragu a hankali, camellia ya buɗe, kuma an saita ganyen. A ƙarshen kakar kaka, daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba a Zhejiang, yawan amfani da maganin ba zai iya wuce 1000mg/L ba, yawan amfani da matakin fure na iya zama ƙasa da haka kaɗan, kuma yawan amfani da yankin shayi mai sanyi na dutse na iya zama ɗan sama.
8. Inganta juriyar sanyi ga shukar shayi
Lalacewar sanyi na ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke shafar samarwa a yankin shayin tsaunuka da yankin shayin arewa, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da raguwar samarwa har ma da mutuwa. Amfani da na'urorin daidaita girma na shuka na iya rage fitar da ganye, ko haɓaka tsufar sabbin harbe, inganta matakin lignification, da kuma haɓaka juriyar sanyi ko juriyar bishiyoyin shayi zuwa wani mataki.
Feshin Ethephon da aka fesa da 800mg/L a ƙarshen watan Oktoba zai iya hana sake tsirowar bishiyoyin shayi a ƙarshen kaka kuma yana ƙara juriyar sanyi.
Fesa 250mg/L na maganin a ƙarshen watan Satumba na iya haɓaka girman bishiyoyin shayi don tsayawa da wuri, wanda hakan yana taimakawa wajen samun kyakkyawan ci gaban harbe-harben bazara a lokacin hunturu na biyu.
9. Daidaita lokacin ɗebar shayi
Tsawaita ganyen shayi a lokacin shayin bazara yana da ƙarfi wajen daidaita yanayin, wanda ke haifar da yawan shayin bazara a lokacin kololuwar, kuma sabanin da ke tsakanin girbi da samarwa ya bayyana. Amfani da gibberellin da wasu masu daidaita girma na iya haɓaka aikin A-amylase da protease, don haɓaka haɗakar furotin da sukari, hanzarta rarraba ƙwayoyin halitta da tsawaita su, hanzarta saurin girma na bishiyar shayi, da kuma sa sabbin harbe-harbe su girma a gaba; Ka'idar cewa wasu masu daidaita girma na iya hana rabuwa da tsawaita ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ana amfani da su azaman abin toshewa don jinkirta lokacin kololuwar ambaliya, ta haka ne ke daidaita lokacin girkin shayi da rage saɓani a amfani da aikin girkin shayi da hannu.
Idan an fesa 100mg/L na gibberellin daidai gwargwado, ana iya haƙa shayin bazara sau 2-4 a gaba, sannan kuma shayin bazara sau 2-4 a gaba.
Ana fesa sinadarin Alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (sodium) da 20mg/L na maganin ruwa, wanda za a iya tsince shi sau 2-4 a gaba.
Feshin maganin ethephon mai 25mg/L zai iya sa shayin bazara ya tsiro sau 3 a gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-16-2024