Shigarwamaganin kwariragar taga (ITNs) akan buɗaɗɗen belun kunne, tagogi, da buɗewar bango a cikin gidajen da ba a ƙarfafa su shine yuwuwar matakan magance zazzabin cizon sauro. Ze iyahana saurodaga shiga gida, da samar da mugayen illolin da ke tattare da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma yuwuwar rage yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Saboda haka, mun gudanar da wani binciken cututtukan cututtuka a cikin gidajen Tanzaniya don kimanta tasiri na tagar tagar maganin kwari (ITNs) don kare kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin gida.
A gundumar Charinze, Tanzaniya, gidaje 421 an ba da su ga ƙungiyoyi biyu. Daga Yuni zuwa Yuli 2021, an shigar da gidajen sauro mai dauke da deltamethrin da synergist a kan belun kunne, tagogi, da buɗe bango a rukuni ɗaya, yayin da ɗayan ba su yi ba. Bayan shigarwa, a ƙarshen lokacin damina mai tsawo (Yuni/Yuli 2022, sakamako na farko) da ɗan gajeren lokacin damina (Janairu/Fabrairu 2022, sakamako na biyu), duk membobin gidan da suka shiga (shekaru ≥6 watanni) sun yi gwajin PCR mai ƙima don kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. Sakamakon na biyu ya haɗa da jimlar adadin sauro a kowane tarko a kowane dare (Yuni/Yuli 2022), munanan halayen wata guda bayan sanya gidan yanar gizo (Agusta 2021), da samuwar chemobio da ragowar shekara guda bayan amfani da yanar gizo (Yuni/Yuli 2022). A karshen shari'ar, kungiyar da ke kula da cutar ta kuma sami gidajen sauro.
Binciken ya kasa yanke hukunci saboda rashin isashen samfurin saboda kin wasu mazauna wurin shiga. Ana buƙatar babban gwajin sarrafa bazuwar gungu, wanda ya haɗa da shigar da allon taga da aka yi da maganin kwari mai dorewa, don kimanta wannan saƙon.
An yi nazarin bayanan cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ka'ida, ma'ana an cire mutanen da suka yi tafiya cikin makonni biyu kafin binciken ko kuma sun sha maganin zazzabin cizon sauro daga binciken.
Saboda yawan sauro da aka kama yayin tantancewar ba su da yawa, kawai wani tsari mara kyau wanda ba a daidaita shi ba na adadin sauro da kowane tarko ya kama a kowane dare an yi amfani da shi don tantance adadin sauro a cikin dakin.
Daga cikin gidaje 450 da suka cancanta da aka zaɓa a duk ƙauyuka tara, tara ba a cire su ba saboda ba su da rufin rufi ko tagogi kafin bazuwar. A cikin Mayu 2021, gidaje 441 sun kasance cikin sauƙi bazuwar ƙauye: an sanya gidaje 221 zuwa rukunin tsarin samun iska mai hankali (IVS), sauran 220 ga ƙungiyar kulawa. Daga ƙarshe, 208 na gidajen da aka zaɓa sun kammala shigarwa na IVS, yayin da 195 suka kasance a cikin rukunin kulawa (Hoto na 3).
Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa ITS na iya zama mafi inganci wajen karewa daga zazzabin cizon sauro a wasu rukunin shekaru, tsarin gidaje, ko lokacin amfani da gidan sauro. An ba da rahoton cewa ba a iya amfani da kayayyakin maganin zazzabin cizon sauro, musamman gidajen sauro, musamman a tsakanin yaran da suka kai makaranta.[46] Rashin wadatar gidajen sauro yana ba da gudummawa ga iyakance amfani da gidan yanar gizon, kuma yara masu zuwa makaranta galibi ana watsi da su, don haka suna zama tushen yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro. na binciken da kuma gaskiyar cewa wannan rukunin na iya fuskantar wahalar shiga yanar gizo, mai yiwuwa ITS ta ba da kariya ga wannan rukunin, ta haka ne ke cike gibin kariya a amfani da yanar gizo. A baya an danganta gine-ginen gidaje da karuwar yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro; misali fashewar bangon laka da ramukan rufin gargajiya suna saukaka shigar sauro.[8] Sai dai babu wata shaida da ta tabbatar da wannan ikirari; nazarin ƙungiyoyin nazarin ta nau'in bango, nau'in rufin, da kuma amfani da ITN na baya sun nuna babu bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar ITN.
Ko da yake gidaje masu amfani da tsarin kula da sauro na cikin gida (ITS) suna da ƙarancin sauro Anopheles da aka kama kowane tarko a kowane dare, bambancin ya yi kadan idan aka kwatanta da gidaje marasa ITS. Ƙimar ƙarancin kamawa a cikin gidaje ta amfani da ITS na iya kasancewa saboda tasirinsa akan manyan nau'in sauro waɗanda ke ciyarwa da kuma tashi a cikin gida (misali, Anopheles gambiae [50]) amma yana iya zama ƙasa da tasiri akan nau'in sauro waɗanda ke da yuwuwar yin aiki a waje (misali, Anopheles africanus). Bugu da ƙari kuma, ITSs na yanzu bazai ƙunshi mafi kyawun ƙididdiga masu kyau da daidaito na pyrethroids da PBO kuma, sabili da haka, bazai zama tasiri sosai akan Anopheles gambiae mai jure wa pyrethroid ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin nazarin filin filin [Odufuwa, mai zuwa]. Wannan sakamakon yana iya kasancewa saboda rashin isasshen ikon ƙididdiga. Don gano bambancin 10% tsakanin ƙungiyar ITS da ƙungiyar kulawa tare da ikon ƙididdiga na 80%, ana buƙatar gidaje 500 ga kowane rukuni. Don yin muni, binciken ya zo daidai da yanayi mai ban mamaki a Tanzaniya a waccan shekarar, tare da karuwar yanayin zafi da raguwar ruwan sama[51], wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga wanzuwar sauro na Anopheles da rayuwa[52] kuma zai iya haifar da raguwar adadin sauro gaba daya a lokacin binciken. Sabanin haka, an sami ɗan bambanci a matsakaicin yawan yau da kullun na Culex pipiens pallens a cikin gidaje tare da ITS idan aka kwatanta da gidajen da ba tare da shi ba. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya [Odufuwa, mai zuwa], wannan al'amari na iya kasancewa saboda takamaiman fasaha na ƙara pyrethroids da PBO zuwa ITS, wanda ke iyakance tasirin kwari akan Culex pipiens. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ba kamar sauro Anopheles ba, Culex pipiens na iya shiga gine-gine ta ƙofofi, kamar yadda aka samu a cikin binciken Kenya[24] da kuma nazarin ilimin halittu a Tanzaniya[53]. Shigar da ƙofofin allo na iya zama mara amfani kuma zai ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da mazauna wurin ga maganin kwari. Anopheles sauro da farko suna shiga ta cikin eaves[54], kuma manyan ayyuka na iya yin tasiri mafi girma akan yawan sauro, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar yin ƙira bisa bayanan SFS[Odufuwa, mai zuwa].
Rashin halayen da masu fasaha da mahalarta suka ruwaito sun yi daidai da halayen da aka sani game da bayyanar pyrethroid [55]. Musamman ma, yawancin halayen da aka ruwaito sun warware a cikin sa'o'i 72 na fallasa, saboda kawai ƙaramin adadi (6%) na 'yan uwa sun nemi kulawar likita, kuma duk mahalarta sun sami kulawar likita kyauta. Babban abin da ya faru na atishawa da aka gani a tsakanin masu fasaha 13 (65%) yana da alaƙa da gazawar yin amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka bayar, yana ambaton rashin jin daɗi da yuwuwar hanyar haɗi zuwa COVID-19. Nazari na gaba na iya yin la'akari da tilasta sanya abin rufe fuska.
A gundumar Charinze, ba a sami bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin adadin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ko yawan sauro na cikin gida tsakanin gidaje masu da kuma waɗanda ba tare da tagar da aka yi wa maganin kwari ba (ITS). Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda ƙirar binciken, kaddarorin maganin kwari da ragowar, da kuma babban ɗan takara. Duk da rashin bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci, an sami raguwar kamuwa da cututtuka a cikin gida a lokacin damina mai tsawo, musamman a tsakanin yara masu zuwa makaranta. Yawan sauro na Anopheles na cikin gida kuma ya ragu, yana nuna buƙatar ƙarin nazari. Sabili da haka, don tabbatar da ci gaba da halartar mahalarta, ana ba da shawarar ƙira mai sarrafa bazuwar tari, haɗe tare da haɗa kai da wayar da kan jama'a.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-21-2025