Shigarwamaganin kwarigidajen da aka yi wa tiyatar gyaran fuska (ITNs) a kan rufin da aka buɗe, tagogi, da kuma wuraren da aka yi wa tiyatar a bango a gidajen da ba a yi wa tiyatar kariya ba, wani mataki ne da za a iya ɗauka don magance cutar maleriya.hana saurodaga shiga gida, yana haifar da mummunan tasiri ga masu kamuwa da cutar malaria da kuma yiwuwar rage yaɗuwar cutar malaria. Saboda haka, mun gudanar da wani bincike na cututtuka a gidajen Tanzaniya don tantance ingancin gidajen sauro masu maganin kwari (ITNs) wajen kare kansu daga kamuwa da cutar malaria da kuma masu kamuwa da cutar a cikin gida.
A gundumar Charinze, Tanzania, an raba gidaje 421 bazuwar zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu. Daga watan Yuni zuwa Yulin 2021, an sanya gidajen sauro da ke ɗauke da deltamethrin da synergist a kan rufin gidaje, tagogi, da kuma wuraren buɗewa a bango a rukuni ɗaya, yayin da ɗayan rukunin ba su sanya ba. Bayan shigarwa, a ƙarshen lokacin ruwan sama mai tsawo (Yuni/Yuli 2022, babban sakamako) da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin ruwan sama (Janairu/Fabrairu 2022, sakamakon na biyu), duk membobin gidan da suka shiga (masu shekaru ≥ watanni 6) an yi gwajin PCR na adadi don kamuwa da cutar maleriya. Sakamakon na biyu ya haɗa da jimillar adadin sauro a kowace tarko a kowace dare (Yuni/Yuli 2022), mummunan sakamako bayan wata ɗaya da aka sanya gidan sauro (Agusta 2021), da kuma samuwar chemobioavailability da ragowar shekara guda bayan amfani da gidan sauro (Yuni/Yuli 2022). A ƙarshen gwajin, ƙungiyar masu kula da gidan sauro ta kuma sami gidajen sauro.
Binciken bai samu damar yanke hukunci ba saboda rashin isasshen girman samfurin saboda kin amincewa da wasu mazauna yankin su shiga. Ana buƙatar wani babban gwaji mai tsari wanda aka tsara bisa ga tsarin rukuni, wanda ya fi dacewa ya haɗa da shigar da allon tagogi da aka yi wa magani da maganin kwari mai ɗorewa, don tantance wannan matakin.
An yi nazarin bayanan yaduwar cutar maleriya ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kowace yarjejeniya, ma'ana mutanen da suka yi tafiya cikin makonni biyu kafin binciken ko kuma suka sha maganin maleriya an cire su daga cikin binciken.
Saboda yawan sauro da aka kama a lokacin tantancewar ba shi da yawa, an yi amfani da samfurin binomial regression mara daidaito wanda ba a daidaita shi ba don adadin sauro da aka kama a kowace dare ta kowace tarko don tantance adadin sauro a cikin ɗakin.
Daga cikin gidaje 450 da suka cancanta da aka zaɓa a cikin dukkan ƙauyuka tara, an cire tara saboda ba su da rufin ko tagogi a buɗe kafin a yi musu gwaji. A watan Mayu na 2021, gidaje 441 an yi musu gwaji mai sauƙi bisa ga ƙauye: gidaje 221 an sanya su cikin rukunin tsarin iska mai wayo (IVS), sauran 220 kuma an sanya su cikin rukunin kula da lafiya. A ƙarshe, gidaje 208 daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa sun kammala aikin shigar da IVS, yayin da 195 suka ci gaba da kasancewa cikin rukunin kula da lafiya (Hoto na 3).
Wasu nazarce-nazarce sun nuna cewa ITS na iya zama mafi tasiri wajen kare cutar malaria a wasu rukunin shekaru, gine-ginen gidaje, ko kuma lokacin da ake amfani da su da gidajen sauro. An ruwaito cewa samun kayayyakin kula da cutar malaria, musamman gidajen sauro, yana da iyaka, musamman a tsakanin yara 'yan makaranta.[46] Rashin samun gidajen sauro a cikin gidaje yana taimakawa wajen rage amfani da gidajen sauro a cikin gidaje, kuma galibi ana yin sakaci da yaran da suka kai shekara makaranta, don haka ya zama tushen yaduwar cutar malaria akai-akai.[16, 47, 48] Tanzania tana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen rarrabawa da ake ci gaba da yi, gami da shirin gidajen sauro na makaranta, don ƙara samun damar shiga gidajen sauro ga yara 'yan makaranta.[14, 49] Ganin ƙarancin yawan gidajen sauro (50%) a lokacin binciken da kuma gaskiyar cewa wannan rukunin na iya fuskantar ƙarin wahala wajen shiga gidajen sauro, ITS na iya samar da kariya ga wannan rukunin, don haka cike gibin kariya a amfani da gidajen sauro. An daɗe ana danganta gine-ginen gidaje da ƙaruwar yaduwar cutar malaria; misali, tsage-tsage a bangon laka da ramuka a rufin gargajiya suna sauƙaƙa shigar sauro.[8] Duk da haka, babu wata shaida da ke tallafawa wannan ikirarin; Binciken ƙungiyoyin bincike ta hanyar nau'in bango, nau'in rufin, da kuma amfani da ITN a baya bai nuna wani bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyar kulawa da ƙungiyar ITN ba.
Duk da cewa gidaje masu amfani da tsarin kula da sauro na cikin gida (ITS) suna da ƙarancin sauro na Anopheles da aka kama a kowace tarko a kowace dare, bambancin ya yi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da gidaje marasa ITS. Ƙananan adadin kamawa a cikin gidaje masu amfani da ITS na iya kasancewa saboda ingancinsa akan manyan nau'ikan sauro waɗanda ke ciyarwa da kwanciya a cikin gida (misali, Anopheles gambiae [50]) amma yana iya zama ƙasa da tasiri akan nau'ikan sauro waɗanda suka fi yin aiki a waje (misali, Anopheles africanus). Bugu da ƙari, ITSs na yanzu bazai ƙunshi isasshen adadin pyrethroids da PBO ba, don haka, ƙila ba zai yi tasiri sosai akan Anopheles gambiae mai jure wa pyrethroid ba, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wani bincike na rabin filin [Odufuwa, mai zuwa]. Wannan sakamakon kuma yana iya kasancewa saboda rashin ƙarfin ƙididdiga. Don gano bambanci 10% tsakanin ƙungiyar ITS da ƙungiyar kulawa tare da ƙarfin ƙididdiga 80%, an buƙaci gidaje 500 ga kowane rukuni. Abin da ya ƙara ta'azzara lamarin shi ne, binciken ya yi daidai da yanayi na musamman a ƙasar Tanzaniya a wannan shekarar, tare da ƙaruwar yanayin zafi da raguwar ruwan sama[51], wanda hakan zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga kasancewar da kuma rayuwar sauro na Anopheles[52] kuma zai iya haifar da raguwar yawan sauro a lokacin binciken. Sabanin haka, babu wani bambanci sosai a cikin matsakaicin yawan Culex pipiens pallens na yau da kullun a cikin gidaje masu ITS idan aka kwatanta da gidaje marasa shi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya [Odufuwa, mai zuwa], wannan lamari na iya kasancewa saboda takamaiman fasahar ƙara pyrethroids da PBO zuwa ITS, wanda ke iyakance tasirinsu na kashe kwari akan Culex pipiens. Bugu da ƙari, ba kamar sauro na Anopheles ba, Culex pipiens na iya shiga gine-gine ta ƙofofi, kamar yadda aka gano a cikin wani bincike na Kenya[24] da wani bincike a cikin entomological a Tanzaniya[53]. Shigar da ƙofofin allo na iya zama ba shi da amfani kuma zai ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da kwari a cikin mutane. Sauro na Anopheles galibi suna shiga ta cikin kunnuwan mutane[54], kuma manyan hanyoyin magancewa na iya yin tasiri mafi girma ga yawan sauro, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar samfurin bisa ga bayanan SFS [Odufuwa, mai zuwa].
Mummunan martanin da masu fasaha da mahalarta suka bayar sun yi daidai da martanin da aka sani game da fallasa pyrethroid [55]. Abin lura shi ne, yawancin rahotannin munanan martani sun warware cikin awanni 72 bayan fallasa, domin ƙaramin adadi (6%) na 'yan uwa ne kawai suka nemi kulawar likita, kuma duk mahalarta sun sami kulawar likita kyauta. Yawan atishawa da aka lura a tsakanin ma'aikata 13 (65%) yana da alaƙa da rashin amfani da abin rufe fuska da aka bayar, yana nuna rashin jin daɗi da kuma yiwuwar alaƙa da COVID-19. Nazarin da za a yi nan gaba na iya la'akari da tilasta sanya abin rufe fuska.
A gundumar Charinze, ba a lura da wani babban bambanci ba a yawan kamuwa da cutar maleriya ko kuma yawan sauro a cikin gida tsakanin gidaje masu allon tagogi masu magani da kuma waɗanda ba su da su (ITS). Wannan wataƙila ya faru ne saboda ƙirar binciken, halayen kwari da ragowar su, da kuma yawan raguwar masu shiga. Duk da rashin manyan bambance-bambance, an lura da raguwar kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta a matakin gida a lokacin damina mai tsawo, musamman tsakanin yara 'yan makaranta. Yawan sauro na cikin gida na Anopheles suma sun ragu, wanda ke nuna buƙatar ƙarin nazari. Saboda haka, don tabbatar da ci gaba da halartar mahalarta, ana ba da shawarar yin ƙira mai tsari, tare da haɗin gwiwar al'umma da kuma wayar da kan jama'a.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-21-2025